Changes

61:1.1 50,000,000 y ears ago the [[land]] areas of the world were very generally above [[water]] or only slightly submerged. The formations and deposits of this period are both [[land]] and [[marine]], but chiefly land. For a considerable time the land [[gradually]] rose but was [[simultaneously]] washed down to the lower levels and toward the [[seas]].

61:1.1 50,000,000 y ears ago the [[land]] areas of the world were very generally above [[water]] or only slightly submerged. The formations and deposits of this period are both [[land]] and [[marine]], but chiefly land. For a considerable time the land [[gradually]] rose but was [[simultaneously]] washed down to the lower levels and toward the [[seas]].

61:1.2 Early in this period and in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] the placental type of [[mammals]] suddenly appeared, and they [[constituted]] the most important [[evolutionary]] [[development]] up to this time. Previous orders of nonplacental [[mammals]] had existed, but this new [[type]] sprang directly and suddenly from the pre-existent [[reptilian]] [[ancestor]] whose descendants had [[persisted]] on down through the times of [[dinosaur]] decline. The [[father]] of the [[placental]] [[mammals]] was a small, highly [[active]], [[carnivorous]], springing type of dinosaur.

61:1.2 Early in this period and in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] the placental type of [[mammals]] suddenly appeared, and they [[constituted]] the most important [[evolutionary]] [[development]] up to this time. Previous orders of nonplacental [[mammals]] had existed, but this new [[type]] sprang directly and suddenly from the pre-existent [[reptilian]] [[ancestor]] whose descendants had [[persisted]] on down through the times of [[dinosaur]] decline. The [[father]] of the [[placental]] [[mammals]] was a small, highly [[active]], [[carnivorous]], springing type of dinosaur.

61:1.3 Basic [[mammalian]] [[instincts]] began to be [[manifested]] in these [[primitive]] mammalian types. [[Mammals]] [[possess]] an immense [[survival]] advantage over all other [[forms]] of [[animal]] life in that they can:

61:1.3 Basic [[mammalian]] [[instincts]] began to be [[manifested]] in these [[primitive]] mammalian types. [[Mammals]] [[possess]] an immense [[survival]] advantage over all other [[forms]] of [[animal]] life in that they can:

*5. ''Apply superior [[intelligence]] to [[environmental]] [[adjustment]] and adaptation.''

*5. ''Apply superior [[intelligence]] to [[environmental]] [[adjustment]] and adaptation.''

61:1.4 45,000,000 years ago the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continental] backbones were elevated in association with a very general sinking of the coast lines. [[Mammalian]] life was evolving rapidly. A small [[reptilian]], egg-laying type of mammal flourished, and the [[ancestors]] of the later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroos kangaroos] roamed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. Soon there were small [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses horses], fleet-footed rhinoceroses, tapirs with proboscises, primitive pigs, squirrels, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemurs lemurs], opossums, and several tribes of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey monkeylike] animals. They were all small, [[primitive]], and best suited to living among the forests of the [[mountain]] regions. A large ostrichlike [[land]] bird developed to a height of ten feet and laid an egg nine by thirteen inches. These were the [[ancestors]] of the later gigantic passenger birds that were so highly [[intelligent]], and that onetime [[transported]] [[human beings]] through the [[air]].

61:1.4 45,000,000 years ago the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continental] backbones were elevated in association with a very general sinking of the coast lines. [[Mammalian]] life was evolving rapidly. A small [[reptilian]], egg-laying type of mammal flourished, and the [[ancestors]] of the later [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroos kangaroos] roamed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. Soon there were small [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses horses], fleet-footed rhinoceroses, tapirs with proboscises, primitive pigs, squirrels, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemurs lemurs], opossums, and several tribes of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey monkeylike] animals. They were all small, [[primitive]], and best suited to living among the forests of the [[mountain]] regions. A large ostrichlike [[land]] bird developed to a height of ten feet and laid an egg nine by thirteen inches. These were the [[ancestors]] of the later gigantic passenger birds that were so highly [[intelligent]], and that onetime [[transported]] [[human beings]] through the [[air]].

61:1.5 The [[mammals]] of the early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenozoic Cenozoic] lived on [[land]], under the [[water]], in the [[air]], and among the treetops. They had from one to eleven pairs of mammary glands, and all were covered with considerable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair hair]. In common with the later appearing [[orders]], they developed two successive sets of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeth teeth] and possessed large [[brains]] in comparison to [[body]] size. But among them all no modern forms existed.

61:1.5 The [[mammals]] of the early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenozoic Cenozoic] lived on [[land]], under the [[water]], in the [[air]], and among the treetops. They had from one to eleven pairs of mammary glands, and all were covered with considerable [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair hair]. In common with the later appearing [[orders]], they developed two successive sets of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeth teeth] and possessed large [[brains]] in comparison to [[body]] size. But among them all no modern forms existed.

61:1.6 40,000,000 years ago the [[land]] areas of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_hemisphere Northern Hemisphere] began to elevate, and this was followed by new extensive [[land]] deposits and other [[terrestrial]] [[activities]], including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] flows, warping, [[lake]] formation, and [[erosion]].

61:1.6 40,000,000 years ago the [[land]] areas of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_hemisphere Northern Hemisphere] began to elevate, and this was followed by new extensive [[land]] deposits and other [[terrestrial]] [[activities]], including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] flows, warping, [[lake]] formation, and [[erosion]].

61:1.7 During the latter part of this [[epoch]] most of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] was submerged. Following a slight land rise the continent was covered by [[lakes]] and bays. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean Arctic Ocean], through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urals Ural] depression, ran south to [[connect]] with the [[Mediterranean]] Sea as it was then expanded northward, the highlands of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains Carpathians], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apennines Apennines], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees Pyrenees] being up above the [[water]] as islands of the sea. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus of Panama Isthmus of Panama] was up; the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were separated. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] was connected with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait Bering Strait] land bridge and with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] by way of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland]. The [[earth]] circuit of [[land]] in northern latitudes was broken only by the Ural Straits, which connected the arctic seas with the enlarged [[Mediterranean]].

61:1.7 During the latter part of this [[epoch]] most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] was submerged. Following a slight land rise the continent was covered by [[lakes]] and bays. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean Arctic Ocean], through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urals Ural] depression, ran south to [[connect]] with the [[Mediterranean]] Sea as it was then expanded northward, the highlands of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains Carpathians], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apennines Apennines], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees Pyrenees] being up above the [[water]] as islands of the sea. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus of Panama Isthmus of Panama] was up; the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were separated. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] was connected with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait Bering Strait] land bridge and with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] by way of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland]. The [[earth]] circuit of [[land]] in northern latitudes was broken only by the Ural Straits, which connected the arctic seas with the enlarged [[Mediterranean]].

61:1.8 Considerable foraminiferal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone limestone] was deposited in European waters. Today this same stone is elevated to a height of 10,000 feet in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps], 16,000 feet in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas Himalayas], and 20,000 feet in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk chalk] deposits of this period are found along the coasts of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], on the west coast of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America South America], and about the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies West Indies].

61:1.8 Considerable foraminiferal [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone limestone] was deposited in European waters. Today this same stone is elevated to a height of 10,000 feet in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps], 16,000 feet in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas Himalayas], and 20,000 feet in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk chalk] deposits of this period are found along the coasts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], on the west coast of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America South America], and about the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies West Indies].

61:1.9 Throughout this so-called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocene Eocene] period the [[evolution]] of [[mammalian]] and other related forms of life continued with little or no interruption. North America was then [[connected]] by land with every [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent continent] except [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], and the world was gradually overrun by [[primitive]] mammalian fauna of various types.

61:1.9 Throughout this so-called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocene Eocene] period the [[evolution]] of [[mammalian]] and other related forms of life continued with little or no interruption. North America was then [[connected]] by land with every [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent continent] except [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], and the world was gradually overrun by [[primitive]] mammalian fauna of various types.

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_61 Go to Paper 61]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_61 Go to Paper 61]</center>

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

[[Category:Paper 61 - The Mammalian Life Era on Urantia]]

[[Category:Paper 61 - The Mammalian Life Era on Urantia]]