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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:The_eye_of_all_ur60.jpg|right|frame]] 64:4.1 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthalers] were excellent [[fighters]], and they [[traveled]] extensively. They [[gradually]] spread from the highland [[centers]] in northwest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France] on the west, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China China] on the east, and even down into northern [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa]. They [[dominated]] the world for almost half a million years until the times of the [[migration]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:7._DISPERSION_OF_THE_COLORED_RACES evolutionary races of color]. 64:4.2 800,000 years ago game was [[abundant]]; many [[species]] of deer, as well as elephants and hippopotamuses, roamed over Europe. Cattle were plentiful; horses and wolves were everywhere. The Neanderthalers were great [[hunters]], and the [[tribes]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France] were the first to adopt the [[practice]] of giving the most successful [[hunters]] the [[choice]] of [[women]] for [[wives]]. 64:4.3 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reindeer reindeer] was highly useful to these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthal] peoples, serving as [[food]], clothing, and for [[tools]], since they made various uses of the horns and bones. They had little [[culture]], but they greatly improved the [[work]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint flint] until it almost reached the levels of the days of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63#63:4._THE_ANDONIC_CLANS Andon]. Large flints attached to wooden handles came back into use and served as axes and picks. 64:4.4 750,000 years ago the fourth [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Sheet ice sheet] was well on its way south. With their improved implements the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthalers] made holes in the ice covering the northern [[rivers]] and thus were able to spear the fish which came up to these vents. Ever these [[tribes]] retreated before the advancing ice, which at this time made its most extensive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Major_ice_ages invasion of Europe]. 64:4.5 In these times the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia Siberian] glacier was making its southernmost march, compelling early man to move southward, back toward the lands of his [[origin]]. But the [[human]] [[species]] had so differentiated that the [[danger]] of further mingling with its nonprogressive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian simian] relatives was greatly lessened. 64:4.6 700,000 years ago the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Major_ice_ages fourth glacier], the greatest of all in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe], was in recession; [[men]] and [[animals]] were returning north. The [[climate]] was cool and moist, and [[primitive]] man again thrived in Europe and western [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia]. [[Gradually]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forests forests] spread north over land which had been so recently covered by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier glacier]. 64:4.7 [[Mammalian]] life had been little changed by the great [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Major_ice_ages glacier]. These [[animals]] [[persisted]] in that narrow belt of [[land]] lying between the ice and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps] and, upon the retreat of the glacier, again rapidly spread out over all Europe. There arrived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa], over the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borders_of_the_continents Sicilian land bridge], straight-tusked elephants, broad-nosed rhinoceroses, hyenas, and African lions, and these new animals virtually exterminated the saber-toothed tigers and the hippopotamuses. 64:4.8 650,000 years ago [[witnessed]] the continuation of the mild [[climate]]. By the middle of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Glacials_and_interglacials interglacial period] it had become so warm that the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps] were almost denuded of ice and snow. 64:4.9 600,000 years ago the ice had reached its then northernmost point of retreat and, after a pause of a few thousand years, started south again on its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Recent_glacial_and_interglacial_phases fifth excursion]. But there was little modification of [[climate]] for fifty thousand years. [[Man]] and the [[animals]] of Europe were little changed. The slight aridity of the former period lessened, and the alpine glaciers descended far down the [[river]] valleys. 64:4.10 550,000 years ago the advancing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier glacier] again pushed man and the animals south. But this time man had plenty of room in the wide belt of land stretching northeast into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and lying between the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet ice sheet] and the then greatly expanded [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea Black Sea] extension of the [[Mediterranean]]. 64:4.11 These times of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age#Major_ice_ages fourth and fifth glaciers] [[witnessed]] the further spread of the crude [[culture]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthal races]. But there was so little [[progress]] that it truly appeared as though the attempt to produce a new and [[modified]] type of [[intelligent]] life on [[Urantia]] was about to fail. For almost a quarter of a million years these [[primitive]] peoples drifted on, [[hunting]] and fighting, by spells improving in certain directions, but, on the whole, steadily [[retrogressing]] as compared with their superior [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63#63:4._THE_ANDONIC_CLANS Andonic] [[ancestors]]. 64:4.12 During these [[spiritually]] [[dark]] ages the [[culture]] of [[superstitious]] mankind reached its lowest levels. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthalers] really had no [[religion]] beyond a [[shameful]] [[superstition]]. They were deathly afraid of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouds clouds], more especially of mists and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog fogs]. A [[primitive]] [[religion]] of the [[fear]] of [[natural]] [[forces]] gradually [[developed]], while [[animal]] [[worship]] declined as improvement in [[tools]], with [[abundance]] of game, enabled these people to live with lessened [[anxiety]] about [[food]]; the [[sex]] rewards of the chase tended greatly to improve [[hunting]] [[skill]]. This new [[religion]] of [[fear]] led to attempts to placate the [[invisible]] [[forces]] behind these natural elements and culminated, later on, in the [[sacrificing]] of [[humans]] to appease these invisible and [[unknown]] [[physical]] [[forces]]. And this terrible [[practice]] of [[human]] [[sacrifice]] has been perpetuated by the more backward peoples of [[Urantia]] right on down to the twentieth century. 64:4.13 These early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Neanderthalers] could hardly be called [[sun]] [[worshipers]]. They rather lived in [[fear]] of the [[dark]]; they had a [[mortal]] dread of nightfall. As long as the [[moon]] shone a little, they managed to get along, but in the [[dark]] of the moon they grew panicky and began the [[sacrifice]] of their best specimens of [[manhood]] and [[womanhood]] in an effort to induce the [[moon]] again to shine. The [[sun]], they early learned, would regularly return, but the moon they conjectured only returned because they sacrificed their fellow tribesmen. As the [[race]] advanced, the object and [[purpose]] of [[sacrifice]] progressively changed, but the offering of [[human]] [[sacrifice]] as a part of religious [[ceremonial]] long [[persisted]]. <center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 Go to Paper 64]</center> <center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center> [[Category:Paper 64 - The Evolutionary Races]] [[Category: Race]] [[Category: Legacy]] [[Category: Culture]] [[Category: Climate]] [[Category: Superstition]] [[Category: History/TeaM]]

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