Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ancestre, from Anglo-French, from [[Latin]] antecessor predecessor, from antecedere to go before, from ante- + cedere to go

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ancestre, from Anglo-French, from [[Latin]] antecessor predecessor, from antecedere to go before, from ante- + cedere to go

*Date: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Century 13th century]

*Date: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Century 13th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 a : one from whom a [[person]] is descended and who is usually more remote in the line of [[descent]] than a grandparent  

*1 a : one from whom a [[person]] is descended and who is usually more remote in the line of [[descent]] than a grandparent  

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<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Ancestry''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Ancestry '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Ancestry''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Ancestry '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Description==

==Description==

Two [[individuals]] have a genetic [[relationship]] if one is the ancestor of the other, or if they share a common ancestor. In [[evolution]]ary [[theory]], species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common [[descent]]. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some bacteria and other [[organisms]] capable of horizontal gene transfer.

Two [[individuals]] have a genetic [[relationship]] if one is the ancestor of the other, or if they share a common ancestor. In [[evolution]]ary [[theory]], species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common [[descent]]. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some bacteria and other [[organisms]] capable of horizontal gene transfer.

Assuming that all of an individual's ancestors are otherwise unrelated to each other, that individual has 2n ancestors in the nth generation before him and a total of about 2g+1 ancestors in the g generations before him. In [[practice]], however, it is clear that the vast majority of ancestors of [[humans]] (and indeed any other species) are multiply related (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_collapse Pedigree collapse]). Consider n = 40: the human species is more than 40 [[generation]]s old, yet the number 240, approximately 1012 or one trillion, dwarfs the number of humans that have ever lived.

Assuming that all of an individual's ancestors are otherwise unrelated to each other, that individual has 2n ancestors in the nth generation before him and a total of about 2g+1 ancestors in the g generations before him. In [[practice]], however, it is clear that the vast majority of ancestors of [[humans]] (and indeed any other species) are multiply related (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_collapse Pedigree collapse]). Consider n = 40: the human species is more than 40 [[generation]]s old, yet the number 240, approximately 1012 or one trillion, dwarfs the number of humans that have ever lived.

Ignoring the possibility of other inter-[[relationships]] (even distant ones) among ancestors, an individual has a total of 2046 ancestors up to the 10th generation, 1024 of which are 10th generation ancestors. With the same [[assumption]], any given person has over a billion 30th generation ancestors (who lived roughly 1000 years ago) and this [[theoretical]] [[number]] increases past the estimated total [[population]] of the world in around [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_AD AD 1000]. (All of these ancestors will have contributed to one's autosomal [[DNA]] is concerned: this excludes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-Chromosome Y-chromosomal DNA] and mitochondrial DNA.)

Ignoring the possibility of other inter-[[relationships]] (even distant ones) among ancestors, an individual has a total of 2046 ancestors up to the 10th generation, 1024 of which are 10th generation ancestors. With the same [[assumption]], any given person has over a billion 30th generation ancestors (who lived roughly 1000 years ago) and this [[theoretical]] [[number]] increases past the estimated total [[population]] of the world in around [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_AD AD 1000]. (All of these ancestors will have contributed to one's autosomal [[DNA]] is concerned: this excludes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-Chromosome Y-chromosomal DNA] and mitochondrial DNA.)

Some [[cultures]] confer [[reverence]] to ancestors, both living and dead; in contrast, some more [[youth]]-oriented cultural [[contexts]] display less veneration of elders. In other cultural contexts, some people seek [[providence]] from their deceased ancestors; this [[practice]] is sometimes known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor_worship ancestor worship].

Some [[cultures]] confer [[reverence]] to ancestors, both living and dead; in contrast, some more [[youth]]-oriented cultural [[contexts]] display less veneration of elders. In other cultural contexts, some people seek [[providence]] from their deceased ancestors; this [[practice]] is sometimes known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor_worship ancestor worship].

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Anthropology]]

[[Category: Anthropology]]

[[Category: History]]

[[Category: History]]