Difference between revisions of "Biochemistry"

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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1848]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1848]
 
==Definitions==
 
==Definitions==
 
*1: [[chemistry]] that deals with the chemical compounds and [[processes]] occurring in [[organisms]]
 
*1: [[chemistry]] that deals with the chemical compounds and [[processes]] occurring in [[organisms]]
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'''Biochemistry''', sometimes called ''biological chemistry'', is the [[study]] of [[chemical]] processes in living [[organisms]], including, but not limited to, living [[matter]]. Biochemistry governs all living [[organisms]] and living processes. By controlling [[information]] [[flow]] through biochemical signalling and the flow of chemical [[energy]] through [[metabolism]], biochemical processes give rise to the incredible [[complexity]] of life.  
 
'''Biochemistry''', sometimes called ''biological chemistry'', is the [[study]] of [[chemical]] processes in living [[organisms]], including, but not limited to, living [[matter]]. Biochemistry governs all living [[organisms]] and living processes. By controlling [[information]] [[flow]] through biochemical signalling and the flow of chemical [[energy]] through [[metabolism]], biochemical processes give rise to the incredible [[complexity]] of life.  
  
Much of biochemistry deals with the [[structures]] and [[functions]] of [[cellular]] components such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein proteins],[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate  carbohydrates], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid lipids], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid nucleic acids] and other [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule biomolecules] —although increasingly [[processes]] rather than [[individual]] [[molecules]] are the main [[focus]]. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at [[explaining]] living [[processes]] that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today the main [[focus]] of [[pure]] biochemistry is in [[understanding]] how [[biological]] [[molecules]] give rise to the [[processes]] that occur within living [[cells]], which in turn relates greatly to the [[study]] and [[understanding]] of whole [[organisms]].
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Much of biochemistry deals with the [[structures]] and [[functions]] of [[cellular]] components such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein proteins],[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate  carbohydrates], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid lipids], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid nucleic acids] and other [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule biomolecules] —although increasingly [[processes]] rather than [[individual]] [[molecules]] are the main [[focus]]. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at [[explaining]] living [[processes]] that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today the main [[focus]] of [[pure]] biochemistry is in [[understanding]] how [[biological]] [[molecules]] give rise to the [[processes]] that occur within living [[cells]], which in turn relates greatly to the [[study]] and [[understanding]] of whole [[organisms]].
  
Among the vast [[number]] of different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule biomolecules], many are [[complex]] and large molecules (called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymer ''biopolymers'']), which are composed of similar repeating subunits (called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomer ''monomers'']). Each class of polymeric biomolecule has a different set of subunit types. For example, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein protein] is a polymer whose subunits are selected from a set of 20 or more [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid amino acids]. Biochemistry studies the [[chemical]] [[properties]] of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme enzyme]-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis catalyzed] reactions.
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Among the vast [[number]] of different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule biomolecules], many are [[complex]] and large molecules (called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymer ''biopolymers'']), which are composed of similar repeating subunits (called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomer ''monomers'']). Each class of polymeric biomolecule has a different set of subunit types. For example, a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein protein] is a polymer whose subunits are selected from a set of 20 or more [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid amino acids]. Biochemistry studies the [[chemical]] [[properties]] of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme enzyme]-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis catalyzed] reactions.
  
The biochemistry of cell [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism metabolism] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system endocrine system] has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code ([[DNA]], RNA), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis protein synthesis], cell membrane transport, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry]
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The biochemistry of cell [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism metabolism] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system endocrine system] has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code ([[DNA]], RNA), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis protein synthesis], cell membrane transport, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry]
  
 
[[Category: Biology]]
 
[[Category: Biology]]
 
[[Category: Chemistry]]
 
[[Category: Chemistry]]

Latest revision as of 23:46, 12 December 2020

Lighterstill.jpg

Biochemistry.jpg

Definitions

Description

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. By controlling information flow through biochemical signalling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the incredible complexity of life.

Much of biochemistry deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins,carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules —although increasingly processes rather than individual molecules are the main focus. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.

Among the vast number of different biomolecules, many are complex and large molecules (called biopolymers), which are composed of similar repeating subunits (called monomers). Each class of polymeric biomolecule has a different set of subunit types. For example, a protein is a polymer whose subunits are selected from a set of 20 or more amino acids. Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

The biochemistry of cell metabolism and the endocrine system has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction.[1]