Changes

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Challenges_psyop-ups.jpg|right|frame]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Challenges_psyop-ups.jpg|right|frame]]

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English]. calenge, chalange, a. Old French,  ca-, chalenge, -lange, orig. -longe (with many other forms) = Pr. calonja, Old Spanish. caloña:{em}L. calumnia, trickery, artifice, misrepresentation, false accusation, malicious [[action]] at [[law]]; prob. f. calvi, calvere to devise tricks. With the phonetic development in Old French. cf. that of somnium, songe. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. had both the Northern French. calenge, and the central F. chalenge; the latter has (as in many other words) survived. Challenge is thus originally the same [[word]] as calumny. Some of the senses still in use go back to the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English]. and Old French. n., but others are taken immediately from the vb., as in blame, etc., so that the sequence is not simple.]  

[[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English]. calenge, chalange, a. Old French,  ca-, chalenge, -lange, orig. -longe (with many other forms) = Pr. calonja, Old Spanish. caloña:{em}L. calumnia, trickery, artifice, misrepresentation, false accusation, malicious [[action]] at [[law]]; prob. f. calvi, calvere to devise tricks. With the phonetic development in Old French. cf. that of somnium, songe. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. had both the Northern French. calenge, and the central F. chalenge; the latter has (as in many other words) survived. Challenge is thus originally the same [[word]] as calumny. Some of the senses still in use go back to the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English]. and Old French. n., but others are taken immediately from the vb., as in blame, etc., so that the sequence is not simple.]  

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Challenge''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Challenge this link].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Challenge''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Challenge this link].</center>

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1. An accusation, charge, reproach, objection. 14th century

*1. An accusation, charge, reproach, objection. 14th century