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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Clarion2b.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Middle French & Medieval Latin; Middle French ''clairon'', from Medieval Latin ''clarion''-, ''clario'', from [[Latin]] ''clarus'' [[clear]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1801]
"Clarion" derives from three [[Latin]] words: the noun ''clario'' (trumpet), the adjective ''clarus'' (bright or clear), and the verb ''claro'' (to make clear). Throughout Europe, an [[eclectic]] set of variations on clarion came into use. The [[meaning]] of these variations was not standard. It is not clear whether they are meant to refer to an actual instrument or simply the high register of the trumpet.
==Definition==
*1:a [[medieval]] trumpet with clear shrill [[tones]]
==Description==
'''Clarion''' is a common name for a trumpet in the [[Middle Ages]] and the [[Renaissance]]. It also is used as a name for a 4' organ reed stop. There is wide [[confusion]] over whether clarion invariably refers to a type of trumpet or simply the upper register of the standard trumpet.
The various iterations of "clarion" occur alongside the idiomatic usage of "trumpet" in the [[literature]] and historical records of several different countries. The [[presence]] of these terms in concert with each other throughout such passages gave rise to a [[consensus]] that there must be a clarion trumpet which is distinct in construction from a standard trumpet. In France, historical records include phrases like "à son de trompes et de clarons", for instance. In his French dictionary, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Nicot Jean Nicot] wrote that the clarion is used among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors Moors] and the Portuguese (who adopted the Moors' [[custom]]). Nicot defines the clarion as a treble instrument, which is paired with trumpets playing the tenor and bass. Nicot also specifies that the clarion was used by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalry Cavalry] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marines Marines].
In ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Knight%27s_Tale The Knight's Tale]'', [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaucer Chaucer] writes, "Pypes, trompes, nakers, clariounes, that in bataille blowen blody sounes," which adds to the notion that clarions must somehow be distinct from trumpets.
This [[idea]] was bolstered by artworks of the time, which show a variety of trumpets in different shapes and sizes. There are even records from trade [[guilds]] like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths%27_Company Goldsmith's Company of London] which specify that a clarion is 70% lighter than a trumpet. However, there is no precise [[understanding]] of what any of these variations meant. The fundamental [[confusion]] is over whether or not they refer to an actual instrument or to a style of playing in the high register of the trumpet. Even the Spanish historian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Covarrubias Sebastián de Covarrubias] confused the meaning in his ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesoro_de_la_lengua_castellana_o_espa%C3%B1ola Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española]'', writing that the clarin was a "trumpetilla", a tiny trumpet capable of playing in the high register or that the term could simply refer to the high register of the trumpet.
The confusion over the usage of these terms seemed to mainly dissipate in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque Baroque] era, when "clarino" (plural: "clarini"), and its variants, came to be specifically understood as the [[practice]] of playing the natural trumpet in its high register. The principal register of the instrument extends to the seventh pitch of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music) harmonic series]. The clarino register runs from the eighth to the twentieth pitch in the series.
[[Category: Music]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Middle French & Medieval Latin; Middle French ''clairon'', from Medieval Latin ''clarion''-, ''clario'', from [[Latin]] ''clarus'' [[clear]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1801]
"Clarion" derives from three [[Latin]] words: the noun ''clario'' (trumpet), the adjective ''clarus'' (bright or clear), and the verb ''claro'' (to make clear). Throughout Europe, an [[eclectic]] set of variations on clarion came into use. The [[meaning]] of these variations was not standard. It is not clear whether they are meant to refer to an actual instrument or simply the high register of the trumpet.
==Definition==
*1:a [[medieval]] trumpet with clear shrill [[tones]]
==Description==
'''Clarion''' is a common name for a trumpet in the [[Middle Ages]] and the [[Renaissance]]. It also is used as a name for a 4' organ reed stop. There is wide [[confusion]] over whether clarion invariably refers to a type of trumpet or simply the upper register of the standard trumpet.
The various iterations of "clarion" occur alongside the idiomatic usage of "trumpet" in the [[literature]] and historical records of several different countries. The [[presence]] of these terms in concert with each other throughout such passages gave rise to a [[consensus]] that there must be a clarion trumpet which is distinct in construction from a standard trumpet. In France, historical records include phrases like "à son de trompes et de clarons", for instance. In his French dictionary, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Nicot Jean Nicot] wrote that the clarion is used among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors Moors] and the Portuguese (who adopted the Moors' [[custom]]). Nicot defines the clarion as a treble instrument, which is paired with trumpets playing the tenor and bass. Nicot also specifies that the clarion was used by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalry Cavalry] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marines Marines].
In ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Knight%27s_Tale The Knight's Tale]'', [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaucer Chaucer] writes, "Pypes, trompes, nakers, clariounes, that in bataille blowen blody sounes," which adds to the notion that clarions must somehow be distinct from trumpets.
This [[idea]] was bolstered by artworks of the time, which show a variety of trumpets in different shapes and sizes. There are even records from trade [[guilds]] like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths%27_Company Goldsmith's Company of London] which specify that a clarion is 70% lighter than a trumpet. However, there is no precise [[understanding]] of what any of these variations meant. The fundamental [[confusion]] is over whether or not they refer to an actual instrument or to a style of playing in the high register of the trumpet. Even the Spanish historian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Covarrubias Sebastián de Covarrubias] confused the meaning in his ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesoro_de_la_lengua_castellana_o_espa%C3%B1ola Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española]'', writing that the clarin was a "trumpetilla", a tiny trumpet capable of playing in the high register or that the term could simply refer to the high register of the trumpet.
The confusion over the usage of these terms seemed to mainly dissipate in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque Baroque] era, when "clarino" (plural: "clarini"), and its variants, came to be specifically understood as the [[practice]] of playing the natural trumpet in its high register. The principal register of the instrument extends to the seventh pitch of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music) harmonic series]. The clarino register runs from the eighth to the twentieth pitch in the series.
[[Category: Music]]