Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[[Greek]], [[dispersion]], from ''diaspeirein'' to scatter, from ''dia''- + ''speirein'' to [[sow]]

[[Greek]], [[dispersion]], from ''diaspeirein'' to scatter, from ''dia''- + ''speirein'' to [[sow]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1881]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1881]

The term derives from the [[Greek]] verb διασπείρω (diaspeirō), "I scatter", "I spread about"[1] and that form διά (dia), "between, through, across" + the verb σπείρω (speirō), "I [[sow]], I scatter". In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece] the term διασπορά (diaspora) hence meant "scattering" and was inter alia used to refer to [[citizens]] of a [[dominant]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state city-state] who emigrated to a conquered land with the [[purpose]] of colonization, to [[assimilate]] the territory into the empire.

The term derives from the [[Greek]] verb διασπείρω (diaspeirō), "I scatter", "I spread about"[1] and that form διά (dia), "between, through, across" + the verb σπείρω (speirō), "I [[sow]], I scatter". In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece] the term διασπορά (diaspora) hence meant "scattering" and was inter alia used to refer to [[citizens]] of a [[dominant]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state city-state] who emigrated to a conquered land with the [[purpose]] of colonization, to [[assimilate]] the territory into the empire.

Its use began to develop from this original sense when the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible Hebrew Bible] was translated into Greek; the first mention of a diaspora created as a result of exile is found in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint], first in

Its use began to develop from this original sense when the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible Hebrew Bible] was translated into Greek; the first mention of a diaspora created as a result of exile is found in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint], first in

*[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Deuteronomy#Chapter_.28 Deuteronomy 28:25], in the phrase ἔσῃ ἐν διασπορᾷ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς, esē en diaspora en pasais tais basileiais tēs gēs, translated to mean "thou shalt be a [[dispersion]] in all kingdoms of the earth"

*[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Deuteronomy#Chapter_.28 Deuteronomy 28:25], in the phrase ἔσῃ ἐν διασπορᾷ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς, esē en diaspora en pasais tais basileiais tēs gēs, translated to mean "thou shalt be a [[dispersion]] in all kingdoms of the earth"

*[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Psalms#Psalm_146 Psalms 146] ([https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Psalms#Psalm_147 147]).2, in the phrase οἰκοδομῶν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ὁ Kύριος καὶ τὰς διασπορὰς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπισυνάξει, oikodomōn Ierousalēm ho Kyrios kai tas diasporas tou Israēl episynaxē, translated to mean "The Lord doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the outcasts of Israel".

*[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Psalms#Psalm_146 Psalms 146] ([https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Psalms#Psalm_147 147]).2, in the phrase οἰκοδομῶν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ὁ Kύριος καὶ τὰς διασπορὰς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπισυνάξει, oikodomōn Ierousalēm ho Kyrios kai tas diasporas tou Israēl episynaxē, translated to mean "The Lord doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the outcasts of Israel".

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

1: capitalized a :  the settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside [[Palestine]] after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exile Babylonian exile]

1: capitalized a :  the settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside [[Palestine]] after the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exile Babylonian exile]

:b :  the area outside [[Palestine]] settled by Jews

:b :  the area outside [[Palestine]] settled by Jews

:c :  the Jews living outside Palestine or modern [[Israel]]

:c :  the Jews living outside Palestine or modern [[Israel]]

:b :  people settled far from their ancestral homelands <African diaspora>

:b :  people settled far from their ancestral homelands <African diaspora>

==Description==

==Description==

A '''diaspora''' (from [[Greek]] διασπορά, "scattering, [[dispersion]]")  is a scattered [[population]] with a common origin in a smaller geographic area. The word can also refer to the movement of the population from its original homeland. The word has come to refer particularly to historical mass dispersions of an involuntary nature, such as the expulsion of Jews from Europe, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade African Trans-Atlantic slave trade], the southern Chinese during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolie coolie slave trade], or the century-long [[exile]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenia_(ancient_region) Messenians] under Spartan rule.[3]

A '''diaspora''' (from [[Greek]] διασπορά, "scattering, [[dispersion]]")  is a scattered [[population]] with a common origin in a smaller geographic area. The word can also refer to the movement of the population from its original homeland. The word has come to refer particularly to historical mass dispersions of an involuntary nature, such as the expulsion of Jews from Europe, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade African Trans-Atlantic slave trade], the southern Chinese during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolie coolie slave trade], or the century-long [[exile]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenia_(ancient_region) Messenians] under Spartan rule.[3]

Recently, scholars have distinguished between different kinds of ''diaspora'', based on its causes such as [[imperialism]], trade or labor [[migrations]], or by the kind of social [[coherence]] within the diaspora [[community]] and its ties to the ancestral lands. Some diaspora communities maintain strong [[political]] ties with their homeland. Other qualities that may be typical of many diasporas are thoughts of return, [[relationships]] with other communities in the diaspora, and lack of full [[assimilation]] into the host country.

Recently, scholars have distinguished between different kinds of ''diaspora'', based on its causes such as [[imperialism]], trade or labor [[migrations]], or by the kind of social [[coherence]] within the diaspora [[community]] and its ties to the ancestral lands. Some diaspora communities maintain strong [[political]] ties with their homeland. Other qualities that may be typical of many diasporas are thoughts of return, [[relationships]] with other communities in the diaspora, and lack of full [[assimilation]] into the host country.

After the Bible's translation into Greek, the word ''Diaspora'' would then have been used to refer to the Northern Kingdom exiled between 740-722 BC from Israel by the Assyrians[6], as well as Jews, Benjaminites, and Levites exiled from the Southern Kingdom in 587 BCE by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exile Babylonians], and from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Judea Roman Judea] in 70 CE by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire Roman Empire]. It subsequently came to be used to refer to the historical movements of the dispersed ethnic [[population]] of [[Israel]], to the cultural development of that population or to that population itself. In [[English]] when capitalized and without modifiers (that is simply, the Diaspora), the term refers specifically to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora Jewish diaspora]; when uncapitalized the word diaspora may be used to refer to [[refugee]] populations of other origins or ethnicities. The wider application of diaspora evolved from the Assyrian two-way mass deportation policy of conquered populations to deny future territorial claims on their part.[9]

After the Bible's translation into Greek, the word ''Diaspora'' would then have been used to refer to the Northern Kingdom exiled between 740-722 BC from Israel by the Assyrians[6], as well as Jews, Benjaminites, and Levites exiled from the Southern Kingdom in 587 BCE by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exile Babylonians], and from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Judea Roman Judea] in 70 CE by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire Roman Empire]. It subsequently came to be used to refer to the historical movements of the dispersed ethnic [[population]] of [[Israel]], to the cultural development of that population or to that population itself. In [[English]] when capitalized and without modifiers (that is simply, the Diaspora), the term refers specifically to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora Jewish diaspora]; when uncapitalized the word diaspora may be used to refer to [[refugee]] populations of other origins or ethnicities. The wider application of diaspora evolved from the Assyrian two-way mass deportation policy of conquered populations to deny future territorial claims on their part.[9]

According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], the first known recorded usage of the word diaspora in the [[English]] language was in 1876 referring "extensive diaspora work (as it is termed) of evangelizing among the National Protestant Churches on the continent". The term became more widely assimilated into English by the mid 1950s, with long-term expatriates in significant numbers from other particular countries or regions also being referred to as a diaspora. An academic field, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_studies diaspora studies], has become established relating to this sense of the word.

According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], the first known recorded usage of the word diaspora in the [[English]] language was in 1876 referring "extensive diaspora work (as it is termed) of evangelizing among the National Protestant Churches on the continent". The term became more widely assimilated into English by the mid 1950s, with long-term expatriates in significant numbers from other particular countries or regions also being referred to as a diaspora. An academic field, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_studies diaspora studies], has become established relating to this sense of the word.

In all cases, the term diaspora carries a sense of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migration displacement]; that is, the [[population]] so described finds itself for whatever reason [[separated]] from its national territory, and usually its people have a [[hope]], or at least a [[desire]], to return to their homeland at some point, if the "homeland" still exists in any meaningful sense. Some writers have noted that diaspora may result in a loss of [[nostalgia]] for a single home as people "re-root" in a series of meaningful displacements. In this sense, [[individuals]] may have multiple [[homes]] throughout their diaspora, with different reasons for maintaining some form of [[attachment]] to each. Diasporic cultural development often assumes a different [[course]] from that of the population in the original place of settlement. Over time, remotely separated communities tend to vary in [[culture]], [[traditions]], [[language]] and other factors. The last vestiges of cultural affiliation in a diaspora is often found in [[community]] [[resistance]] to language change and in maintenance of traditional [[religious]] [[practice]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora]

In all cases, the term diaspora carries a sense of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migration displacement]; that is, the [[population]] so described finds itself for whatever reason [[separated]] from its national territory, and usually its people have a [[hope]], or at least a [[desire]], to return to their homeland at some point, if the "homeland" still exists in any meaningful sense. Some writers have noted that diaspora may result in a loss of [[nostalgia]] for a single home as people "re-root" in a series of meaningful displacements. In this sense, [[individuals]] may have multiple [[homes]] throughout their diaspora, with different reasons for maintaining some form of [[attachment]] to each. Diasporic cultural development often assumes a different [[course]] from that of the population in the original place of settlement. Over time, remotely separated communities tend to vary in [[culture]], [[traditions]], [[language]] and other factors. The last vestiges of cultural affiliation in a diaspora is often found in [[community]] [[resistance]] to language change and in maintenance of traditional [[religious]] [[practice]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: History]]

[[Category: History]]