Changes

'''Discipline''' refers to systematic instruction given to a [[disciple]]. This sense also preserves the origin of the word, which is [[Latin]] ''disciplina'' "instruction", from the root ''discere'' "to learn," and from which ''discipulus'' "disciple, pupil" also derives.

'''Discipline''' refers to systematic instruction given to a [[disciple]]. This sense also preserves the origin of the word, which is [[Latin]] ''disciplina'' "instruction", from the root ''discere'' "to learn," and from which ''discipulus'' "disciple, pupil" also derives.

==Description==

==Description==

''To discipline'' thus means to instruct a person or animal to follow a particular code of conduct, or to adhere to a certain ". " Consequently, "in the field of child development, discipline refers to methods of modeling character and of teaching self-control and acceptable [[behavior]]." So for example, to discipline a child to wash her/his hands before meals. Here, 'washing hands before meals' is a particular pattern of behaviour, and the child is being discipline''d'' to adopt that [[pattern]]. 'To disciple' also gives rise to the word ''disciplinarian'', which denotes a person who enforces order. An [[ideal]] disciplinarian is one who can enforce order without [[coercion]] for "family specialists agree that using physical force, threats and put-downs can interfere with a child's healthy development." [http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesguide/humanrel/gh6119.htm]  Usually however, the phrase 'to discipline' carries a negative connotation. This is because enforcement of order - that is, ensuring instructions are carried out - is often regulated through punishment. [http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CP85%20-%20Discipline%20by%20parents-S%2BDoug-Ed%20Book.pdf]

''To discipline'' thus means to instruct a person or animal to follow a particular code of conduct, or to adhere to a certain ". " Consequently, "in the field of child development, discipline refers to methods of modeling character and of teaching self-control and acceptable [[behavior]]." So for example, to discipline a child to wash her/his hands before meals. Here, 'washing hands before meals' is a particular pattern of behaviour, and the child is being discipline''d'' to adopt that [[pattern]]. 'To disciple' also gives rise to the word ''disciplinarian'', which denotes a person who enforces order. An [[ideal]] disciplinarian is one who can enforce order without [[coercion]] for "family specialists agree that using physical force, threats and put-downs can interfere with a child's healthy development." [https://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesguide/humanrel/gh6119.htm]  Usually however, the phrase 'to discipline' carries a negative connotation. This is because enforcement of order - that is, ensuring instructions are carried out - is often regulated through punishment. [https://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CP85%20-%20Discipline%20by%20parents-S%2BDoug-Ed%20Book.pdf]

''To be disciplined'' is then, subject to [[context]], either a [[virtue]] (the ability to follow instructions well) or a euphemism for punishment (which may also be referred to as ''disciplinary procedure''). As a concrete noun, the ''discipline'' refers to an instrument of punishment, for example in ''mortification of the flesh''. Such an instrument may also be applied to oneself, for example in penitence for not being sufficiently self-disciplined.

''To be disciplined'' is then, subject to [[context]], either a [[virtue]] (the ability to follow instructions well) or a euphemism for punishment (which may also be referred to as ''disciplinary procedure''). As a concrete noun, the ''discipline'' refers to an instrument of punishment, for example in ''mortification of the flesh''. Such an instrument may also be applied to oneself, for example in penitence for not being sufficiently self-disciplined.

''Self-discipline'' refers to the training that one gives one's self to accomplish a certain task or to adopt a particular pattern of behaviour. For example, denying oneself of an extravagant pleasure in order to accomplish a more demanding charitable deed. Thus, self-discipline is the assertion of [[free will]] over more base desires, and is usually understood to be a synonym of 'self mastery'. Self-discipline is to some extent a substitute for motivation, when one uses reason to determine a best course of action that opposes one's desires.  

''Self-discipline'' refers to the training that one gives one's self to accomplish a certain task or to adopt a particular pattern of behaviour. For example, denying oneself of an extravagant pleasure in order to accomplish a more demanding charitable deed. Thus, self-discipline is the assertion of [[free will]] over more base desires, and is usually understood to be a synonym of 'self mastery'. Self-discipline is to some extent a substitute for motivation, when one uses reason to determine a best course of action that opposes one's desires.  

An ''[[academic discipline]]'' refers to a body of [[knowledge]] that is being given to - or has been received by - a disciple. The term may then denotes a 'sphere of knowledge' that an [[individual]] has chosen to specialise in. In an institute of higher learning, the term 'discipline' is often a synonym of [[faculty]]'.

An ''academic discipline'' refers to a body of [[knowledge]] that is being given to - or has been received by - a disciple. The term may then denotes a 'sphere of knowledge' that an [[individual]] has chosen to specialise in. In an institute of higher learning, the term 'discipline' is often a synonym of [[faculty]]'.

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[a. F. discipline (OF. also dece-, dese-, desce-, 11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. discipl{imac}na instruction of disciples, tuition, for discipul{imac}na, f. discipulus pupil, DISCIPLE. Etymologically, discipline, as pertaining to the disciple or scholar, is antithetical to doctrine, the property of the doctor or teacher; hence, in the history of the words, doctrine is more concerned with abstract theory, and discipline with practice or exercise.]  

[a. F. discipline (OF. also dece-, dese-, desce-, 11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. discipl{imac}na instruction of disciples, tuition, for discipul{imac}na, f. discipulus pupil, DISCIPLE. Etymologically, discipline, as pertaining to the disciple or scholar, is antithetical to doctrine, the property of the doctor or teacher; hence, in the history of the words, doctrine is more concerned with abstract theory, and discipline with practice or exercise.]