Difference between revisions of "Dissonance"
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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Dissonance.jpg|right|frame]] | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Dissonance.jpg|right|frame]] | ||
| − | *Date: [ | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1 a : lack of [[agreement]]; especially : inconsistency between the [[beliefs]] one holds or between one's [[actions]] and one's [[beliefs]] — compare [[cognitive]] dissonance | *1 a : lack of [[agreement]]; especially : inconsistency between the [[beliefs]] one holds or between one's [[actions]] and one's [[beliefs]] — compare [[cognitive]] dissonance | ||
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'''Dissonance''' has several meanings, all related to conflict or incongruity: | '''Dissonance''' has several meanings, all related to conflict or incongruity: | ||
| − | *In [[music]], a consonance (Latin com-, "with" + sonare, "to [[sound]]") is a [[harmony]], chord, or interval considered [[stable]], as [[opposed]] to a dissonance (Latin dis-, "apart" + sonare, "to sound") — considered unstable (or temporary, [[transitional]]). The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds that are [[pleasant]], while the most general definition includes any sounds used freely.[ | + | *In [[music]], a consonance (Latin com-, "with" + sonare, "to [[sound]]") is a [[harmony]], chord, or interval considered [[stable]], as [[opposed]] to a dissonance (Latin dis-, "apart" + sonare, "to sound") — considered unstable (or temporary, [[transitional]]). The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds that are [[pleasant]], while the most general definition includes any sounds used freely.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance] |
| − | *Dissonance in [[poetry]] is the deliberate avoidance of [ | + | *Dissonance in [[poetry]] is the deliberate avoidance of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assonance assonance], i.e. [[patterns]] of repeated vowel [[sounds]]. Dissonance in poetry is similar to [[cacophony]] and the opposite of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphony euphony]. |
| − | *[[Cognitive]] dissonance is an uncomfortable [[feeling]] caused by holding two [[contradictory]] [[ideas]] [[simultaneously]]. The [[theory]] of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a [[motivational]] drive to reduce dissonance by [[changing]] their [[attitudes]], [[beliefs]], and [[behaviors]], or by justifying or rationalizing them. It is one of the most [[influential]] and extensively studied [[theories]] in [ | + | *[[Cognitive]] dissonance is an uncomfortable [[feeling]] caused by holding two [[contradictory]] [[ideas]] [[simultaneously]]. The [[theory]] of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a [[motivational]] drive to reduce dissonance by [[changing]] their [[attitudes]], [[beliefs]], and [[behaviors]], or by justifying or rationalizing them. It is one of the most [[influential]] and extensively studied [[theories]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology) social psychology]. |
| − | Dissonance occurs when a [[person]] perceives a [[logical]] inconsistency in their [[beliefs]], when one [[idea]] implies the [[opposite]] of another. The dissonance might be [[experienced]] as [[guilt]], [[anger]], frustration, or even embarrassment. The [[idea]] of "[ | + | Dissonance occurs when a [[person]] perceives a [[logical]] inconsistency in their [[beliefs]], when one [[idea]] implies the [[opposite]] of another. The dissonance might be [[experienced]] as [[guilt]], [[anger]], frustration, or even embarrassment. The [[idea]] of "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_grapes sour grapes]"—from the fable [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Grapes The Fox and the Grapes] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop Aesop] (ca. 620–564 BCE), where the fox decides that the grapes he is unable to reach are probably not ripe enough to eat anyway—[[illustrates]] an example of cognitive dissonance: [[desiring]] something, then [[criticizing]] it because it proves unattainable, a [[phenomenon]] that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Elster Jon Elster] calls "adaptive preference formation." |
| − | A [[powerful]] [[cause]] of dissonance is an [[idea]] in [[conflict]] with a [[fundamental]] element of the [[self]]-[[concept]], such as "I am a [[good]] [[person]]" or "I made the right [[decision]]". The [[anxiety]] that comes with the [[possibility]] of having made a bad decision can lead to [[rationalization]], the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to [[support]] one's [[choices]]. A person who just spent too much [[money]] on a new car might decide that the new vehicle is much less likely to break down than his or her old car. This [[belief]] may or may not be true, but it would reduce dissonance and make the [[person]] feel better. Dissonance can also lead to [[confirmation]] bias, the [[denial]] of disconfirming [[evidence]], and other [[ego]] [[defense]] [[mechanisms]].[ | + | A [[powerful]] [[cause]] of dissonance is an [[idea]] in [[conflict]] with a [[fundamental]] element of the [[self]]-[[concept]], such as "I am a [[good]] [[person]]" or "I made the right [[decision]]". The [[anxiety]] that comes with the [[possibility]] of having made a bad decision can lead to [[rationalization]], the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to [[support]] one's [[choices]]. A person who just spent too much [[money]] on a new car might decide that the new vehicle is much less likely to break down than his or her old car. This [[belief]] may or may not be true, but it would reduce dissonance and make the [[person]] feel better. Dissonance can also lead to [[confirmation]] bias, the [[denial]] of disconfirming [[evidence]], and other [[ego]] [[defense]] [[mechanisms]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance] |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*'''''[[Soul music]]''''' | *'''''[[Soul music]]''''' | ||
Latest revision as of 01:17, 13 December 2020
- Date: 15th century
Definitions
- 1 a : lack of agreement; especially : inconsistency between the beliefs one holds or between one's actions and one's beliefs — compare cognitive dissonance
- b : an instance of such inconsistency or disagreement
- 2 : a mingling of discordant sounds; especially : a clashing or unresolved musical interval or chord
Description
Dissonance has several meanings, all related to conflict or incongruity:
- In music, a consonance (Latin com-, "with" + sonare, "to sound") is a harmony, chord, or interval considered stable, as opposed to a dissonance (Latin dis-, "apart" + sonare, "to sound") — considered unstable (or temporary, transitional). The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds that are pleasant, while the most general definition includes any sounds used freely.[1]
- Dissonance in poetry is the deliberate avoidance of assonance, i.e. patterns of repeated vowel sounds. Dissonance in poetry is similar to cacophony and the opposite of euphony.
- Cognitive dissonance is an uncomfortable feeling caused by holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously. The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance by changing their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, or by justifying or rationalizing them. It is one of the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology.
Dissonance occurs when a person perceives a logical inconsistency in their beliefs, when one idea implies the opposite of another. The dissonance might be experienced as guilt, anger, frustration, or even embarrassment. The idea of "sour grapes"—from the fable The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop (ca. 620–564 BCE), where the fox decides that the grapes he is unable to reach are probably not ripe enough to eat anyway—illustrates an example of cognitive dissonance: desiring something, then criticizing it because it proves unattainable, a phenomenon that Jon Elster calls "adaptive preference formation."
A powerful cause of dissonance is an idea in conflict with a fundamental element of the self-concept, such as "I am a good person" or "I made the right decision". The anxiety that comes with the possibility of having made a bad decision can lead to rationalization, the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to support one's choices. A person who just spent too much money on a new car might decide that the new vehicle is much less likely to break down than his or her old car. This belief may or may not be true, but it would reduce dissonance and make the person feel better. Dissonance can also lead to confirmation bias, the denial of disconfirming evidence, and other ego defense mechanisms.[2]
