Changes

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Dissonance.jpg|right|frame]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Dissonance.jpg|right|frame]]

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 a : lack of [[agreement]]; especially : inconsistency between the [[beliefs]] one holds or between one's [[actions]] and one's [[beliefs]] — compare [[cognitive]] dissonance  

*1 a : lack of [[agreement]]; especially : inconsistency between the [[beliefs]] one holds or between one's [[actions]] and one's [[beliefs]] — compare [[cognitive]] dissonance  

'''Dissonance''' has several meanings, all related to conflict  or incongruity:

'''Dissonance''' has several meanings, all related to conflict  or incongruity:

*In [[music]], a consonance (Latin com-, "with" + sonare, "to [[sound]]") is a [[harmony]], chord, or interval considered [[stable]], as [[opposed]] to a dissonance  (Latin dis-, "apart" + sonare, "to sound") — considered unstable (or temporary, [[transitional]]). The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds that are [[pleasant]], while the most general definition includes any sounds used freely.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance]

*In [[music]], a consonance (Latin com-, "with" + sonare, "to [[sound]]") is a [[harmony]], chord, or interval considered [[stable]], as [[opposed]] to a dissonance  (Latin dis-, "apart" + sonare, "to sound") — considered unstable (or temporary, [[transitional]]). The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds that are [[pleasant]], while the most general definition includes any sounds used freely.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance]

*Dissonance in [[poetry]] is the deliberate avoidance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assonance assonance], i.e. [[patterns]] of repeated vowel [[sounds]]. Dissonance in poetry is similar to [[cacophony]] and the opposite of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphony euphony].

*Dissonance in [[poetry]] is the deliberate avoidance of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assonance assonance], i.e. [[patterns]] of repeated vowel [[sounds]]. Dissonance in poetry is similar to [[cacophony]] and the opposite of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphony euphony].

*[[Cognitive]] dissonance is an uncomfortable [[feeling]] caused by holding two [[contradictory]] [[ideas]] [[simultaneously]]. The [[theory]] of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a [[motivational]] drive to reduce dissonance by [[changing]] their [[attitudes]], [[beliefs]], and [[behaviors]], or by justifying or rationalizing them. It is one of the most [[influential]] and extensively studied [[theories]] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology) social psychology].

*[[Cognitive]] dissonance is an uncomfortable [[feeling]] caused by holding two [[contradictory]] [[ideas]] [[simultaneously]]. The [[theory]] of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a [[motivational]] drive to reduce dissonance by [[changing]] their [[attitudes]], [[beliefs]], and [[behaviors]], or by justifying or rationalizing them. It is one of the most [[influential]] and extensively studied [[theories]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology) social psychology].

Dissonance occurs when a [[person]] perceives a [[logical]] inconsistency in their [[beliefs]], when one [[idea]] implies the [[opposite]] of another. The dissonance might be [[experienced]] as [[guilt]], [[anger]], frustration, or even embarrassment. The [[idea]] of "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_grapes sour grapes]"—from the fable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Grapes The Fox and the Grapes] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop Aesop] (ca. 620–564 BCE), where the fox decides that the grapes he is unable to reach are probably not ripe enough to eat anyway—[[illustrates]] an example of cognitive dissonance: [[desiring]] something, then [[criticizing]] it because it proves unattainable, a [[phenomenon]] that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Elster Jon Elster] calls "adaptive preference formation."

Dissonance occurs when a [[person]] perceives a [[logical]] inconsistency in their [[beliefs]], when one [[idea]] implies the [[opposite]] of another. The dissonance might be [[experienced]] as [[guilt]], [[anger]], frustration, or even embarrassment. The [[idea]] of "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_grapes sour grapes]"—from the fable [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Grapes The Fox and the Grapes] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop Aesop] (ca. 620–564 BCE), where the fox decides that the grapes he is unable to reach are probably not ripe enough to eat anyway—[[illustrates]] an example of cognitive dissonance: [[desiring]] something, then [[criticizing]] it because it proves unattainable, a [[phenomenon]] that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Elster Jon Elster] calls "adaptive preference formation."

A [[powerful]] [[cause]] of dissonance is an [[idea]] in [[conflict]] with a [[fundamental]] element of the [[self]]-[[concept]], such as "I am a [[good]] [[person]]" or "I made the right [[decision]]". The [[anxiety]] that comes with the [[possibility]] of having made a bad decision can lead to [[rationalization]], the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to [[support]] one's [[choices]]. A person who just spent too much [[money]] on a new car might decide that the new vehicle is much less likely to break down than his or her old car. This [[belief]] may or may not be true, but it would reduce dissonance and make the [[person]] feel better. Dissonance can also lead to [[confirmation]] bias, the [[denial]] of disconfirming [[evidence]], and other [[ego]] [[defense]] [[mechanisms]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance]

A [[powerful]] [[cause]] of dissonance is an [[idea]] in [[conflict]] with a [[fundamental]] element of the [[self]]-[[concept]], such as "I am a [[good]] [[person]]" or "I made the right [[decision]]". The [[anxiety]] that comes with the [[possibility]] of having made a bad decision can lead to [[rationalization]], the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to [[support]] one's [[choices]]. A person who just spent too much [[money]] on a new car might decide that the new vehicle is much less likely to break down than his or her old car. This [[belief]] may or may not be true, but it would reduce dissonance and make the [[person]] feel better. Dissonance can also lead to [[confirmation]] bias, the [[denial]] of disconfirming [[evidence]], and other [[ego]] [[defense]] [[mechanisms]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance]

==See also==

==See also==

*'''''[[Soul music]]'''''

*'''''[[Soul music]]'''''