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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 14th_century] ==Definitions== *1: an act or instance of exhorting *2: [[lan...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Disparates_17_2.jpg|right|frame]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 14th_century]
==Definitions==
*1: an [[act]] or instance of exhorting
*2: [[language]] intended to incite and [[encourage]]
==Description==
'''Advice''' (also called '''exhortation''') is a form of relating [[personal]] [[opinions]], [[belief]] systems, personal [[values]] and recommendations about certain situations relayed in some [[context]] to another person, [[group]] or party often offered as a [[guide]] to [[action]] and/or [[conduct]]. Put a little more simply, an advice message is a recommendation about what might be [[thought]], said, or otherwise done to address a [[problem]], make a [[decision]], or manage a situation. Advice is believed to be [[theoretical]], and is often considered [[taboo]] as well as helpful. The kinds of advice can range from [[systems]] of [[instruction]]al and [[practical]] toward more [[esoteric]] and [[spiritual]], and is often attributable toward problem solving, [[strategy]] seeking, and solution finding, either from a [[social]] [[standpoint]] or a personal one. Advice may pertain to [[relationships]], lifestyle changes, [[legal]] choices, [[business]] goals, personal goals, [[career]] goals, [[education]] goals, [[religious]] beliefs, [[personal]] growth, [[motivation]], [[inspiration]] and so on. Advice is not pertinent to any solid [[criteria]], and may be given freely, or only given when asked upon. In some [[cultures]] advice is socially unacceptable to be released unless requested. In other cultures advice is given more openly. It may, especially if it is [[expert]] advice such as [[legal]] advice or methodological advice also be given only in exchange for payment.
Many [[expressions]] and quotations have been used to describe the [[status]] of advice, whether given, or received. One such expression is "Advice is what we ask for when we already know the answer but wish we didn't." (Erica Jong, How to Save Your Own Life, 1977). Advice is like [[water]], you drink it to replenish your [[soul]]. This particular quotation pertains the [[belief]] system that states that the answers to one's questions are within themselves, and do not come from any external [[stimuli]]. The accuracy of this particular belief is often disputed among [[theologians]], [[philosophers]], etc. However, a person who would hold such a [[belief]], would "advise" another person to seek the answers out from within one's own [[esoteric]] and inner [[spiritual]] natures.
Advice when [[adhered]] to and followed may be beneficial, non-beneficial, damaging, non-damaging, partially beneficial and partially damaging, in [[reference]] to [[personal]] or [[social]] [[paradigms]]. In other [[words]], not all advice is either "all good" or "all bad." Many people consider unrequested advice to be paternalistic and patronizing and are thus offended.
Therefore some people may come to the conclusion that advice is [[morally]] better to be left out of the [[equation]] altogether, and this [[theory]] is included within the following quote (author unknown): "The best advice is this: Don't take advice and don't give advice." Yet, often in [[society]] advice has been helpful. A more day to day example would be "eat your vegetables" or "don't drink and drive." If this advice is adhered to we can see that the benefits would outweigh the [[consequences]].
==Methodological advice==
Methodological advice concerns expert advice on [[research]] [[methodology]]. The goal of the advisor (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_consultant statistical consultant]) is to guarantee the [[quality]] of [[research]] undertaken by his client, by providing sound methodological advice [1]. This kind of advice is, as [[opposed]] to some forms of advising mentioned above, usually [[initiated]] by the [[person]] who receives the advice, thus not unrequested. In some cases the advisor [[collaborates]] with a researcher in a more long-term [[process]], and guides him through the more [[technical]] parts of the research (this type of advising is called longitudinal consultancy). In other cases a researcher has a specific question that can be answered in a brief [[conversation]] with a consultant (cross-sectional consultancy) [2].
Depending on the [[function]] of the methodological advisor, the advice that is given may not be free. If a [[student]] conducts [[research]] commissioned by a professor, this professor will probably help this student for free, if needed. However, if a researcher contacts an [[independent]] advisor, this probably costs him/her. In this case the methodological advisor is basically being hired by the researcher.
Researchers may seek advice on a wide range of subjects concerning their [[research]]. Major tasks of the methodological advisor are: helping clients to [[think]] about what they really want to accomplish. This may involve helping them to (re)formulate the research question and relatedly, the research [[hypothesis]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_hypothesis scientific hypothesis]). Clients may also seek advice on the construction of a measurement instrument (for instance a [[psychological]] test). Or, they may want to know how to implement an appropriate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design research design]. Often questions arise on how to [[analyze]] the [[data]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis data analysis]), and how to [[interpret]] and report the results (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_publishing scientific publishing]). Client and consultant combine their expertise and, through dialog and cooperation, may achieve better, more reliable results.[3]
==References==
# Adèr, H. J., Mellenbergh G. J., & Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on research methods: A consultants companion. Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.
# Van Belle, G. (2008). Statistical rules of thumb (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley: Chapter 10 (pp. 217-235).
# Derr, J. (2008). Having an impact in a multi-disciplinary setting. In H. J. Adèr & G. J. Mellenbergh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2007 KNAW colloquium Advising on research methods: pp. 11-20.
==Quote==
Whet the [[appetites]] of your [[associates]] for [[truth]]; give advice only when it is asked for. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_48#48:7._MORONTIA_MOTA]
==See also==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protrepsis_and_paraenesis protrepsis and paraenesis]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 14th_century]
==Definitions==
*1: an [[act]] or instance of exhorting
*2: [[language]] intended to incite and [[encourage]]
==Description==
'''Advice''' (also called '''exhortation''') is a form of relating [[personal]] [[opinions]], [[belief]] systems, personal [[values]] and recommendations about certain situations relayed in some [[context]] to another person, [[group]] or party often offered as a [[guide]] to [[action]] and/or [[conduct]]. Put a little more simply, an advice message is a recommendation about what might be [[thought]], said, or otherwise done to address a [[problem]], make a [[decision]], or manage a situation. Advice is believed to be [[theoretical]], and is often considered [[taboo]] as well as helpful. The kinds of advice can range from [[systems]] of [[instruction]]al and [[practical]] toward more [[esoteric]] and [[spiritual]], and is often attributable toward problem solving, [[strategy]] seeking, and solution finding, either from a [[social]] [[standpoint]] or a personal one. Advice may pertain to [[relationships]], lifestyle changes, [[legal]] choices, [[business]] goals, personal goals, [[career]] goals, [[education]] goals, [[religious]] beliefs, [[personal]] growth, [[motivation]], [[inspiration]] and so on. Advice is not pertinent to any solid [[criteria]], and may be given freely, or only given when asked upon. In some [[cultures]] advice is socially unacceptable to be released unless requested. In other cultures advice is given more openly. It may, especially if it is [[expert]] advice such as [[legal]] advice or methodological advice also be given only in exchange for payment.
Many [[expressions]] and quotations have been used to describe the [[status]] of advice, whether given, or received. One such expression is "Advice is what we ask for when we already know the answer but wish we didn't." (Erica Jong, How to Save Your Own Life, 1977). Advice is like [[water]], you drink it to replenish your [[soul]]. This particular quotation pertains the [[belief]] system that states that the answers to one's questions are within themselves, and do not come from any external [[stimuli]]. The accuracy of this particular belief is often disputed among [[theologians]], [[philosophers]], etc. However, a person who would hold such a [[belief]], would "advise" another person to seek the answers out from within one's own [[esoteric]] and inner [[spiritual]] natures.
Advice when [[adhered]] to and followed may be beneficial, non-beneficial, damaging, non-damaging, partially beneficial and partially damaging, in [[reference]] to [[personal]] or [[social]] [[paradigms]]. In other [[words]], not all advice is either "all good" or "all bad." Many people consider unrequested advice to be paternalistic and patronizing and are thus offended.
Therefore some people may come to the conclusion that advice is [[morally]] better to be left out of the [[equation]] altogether, and this [[theory]] is included within the following quote (author unknown): "The best advice is this: Don't take advice and don't give advice." Yet, often in [[society]] advice has been helpful. A more day to day example would be "eat your vegetables" or "don't drink and drive." If this advice is adhered to we can see that the benefits would outweigh the [[consequences]].
==Methodological advice==
Methodological advice concerns expert advice on [[research]] [[methodology]]. The goal of the advisor (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_consultant statistical consultant]) is to guarantee the [[quality]] of [[research]] undertaken by his client, by providing sound methodological advice [1]. This kind of advice is, as [[opposed]] to some forms of advising mentioned above, usually [[initiated]] by the [[person]] who receives the advice, thus not unrequested. In some cases the advisor [[collaborates]] with a researcher in a more long-term [[process]], and guides him through the more [[technical]] parts of the research (this type of advising is called longitudinal consultancy). In other cases a researcher has a specific question that can be answered in a brief [[conversation]] with a consultant (cross-sectional consultancy) [2].
Depending on the [[function]] of the methodological advisor, the advice that is given may not be free. If a [[student]] conducts [[research]] commissioned by a professor, this professor will probably help this student for free, if needed. However, if a researcher contacts an [[independent]] advisor, this probably costs him/her. In this case the methodological advisor is basically being hired by the researcher.
Researchers may seek advice on a wide range of subjects concerning their [[research]]. Major tasks of the methodological advisor are: helping clients to [[think]] about what they really want to accomplish. This may involve helping them to (re)formulate the research question and relatedly, the research [[hypothesis]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_hypothesis scientific hypothesis]). Clients may also seek advice on the construction of a measurement instrument (for instance a [[psychological]] test). Or, they may want to know how to implement an appropriate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design research design]. Often questions arise on how to [[analyze]] the [[data]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis data analysis]), and how to [[interpret]] and report the results (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_publishing scientific publishing]). Client and consultant combine their expertise and, through dialog and cooperation, may achieve better, more reliable results.[3]
==References==
# Adèr, H. J., Mellenbergh G. J., & Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on research methods: A consultants companion. Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.
# Van Belle, G. (2008). Statistical rules of thumb (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley: Chapter 10 (pp. 217-235).
# Derr, J. (2008). Having an impact in a multi-disciplinary setting. In H. J. Adèr & G. J. Mellenbergh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2007 KNAW colloquium Advising on research methods: pp. 11-20.
==Quote==
Whet the [[appetites]] of your [[associates]] for [[truth]]; give advice only when it is asked for. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_48#48:7._MORONTIA_MOTA]
==See also==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protrepsis_and_paraenesis protrepsis and paraenesis]