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[[Science fiction]] has envisaged the possibility of everything from kind, wise, and even cute '''extraterrestrial'''s, like ET, to utterly malicious, scheming monsters, like Giger's Alien. On [[balance]], ever since H. G. Wells unleashed his marauding Martians (see ''War of the Worlds'', [[novel]]), the fictional creatures from "out there" have tended to be of the usurping, death-ray variety - not surprisingly, since this makes for a more compelling plot. But if we do encounter other [[intelligences]] among the stars, will they in reality prove to be friendly or hostile?  

[[Science fiction]] has envisaged the possibility of everything from kind, wise, and even cute '''extraterrestrial'''s, like ET, to utterly malicious, scheming monsters, like Giger's Alien. On [[balance]], ever since H. G. Wells unleashed his marauding Martians (see ''War of the Worlds'', [[novel]]), the fictional creatures from "out there" have tended to be of the usurping, death-ray variety - not surprisingly, since this makes for a more compelling plot. But if we do encounter other [[intelligences]] among the stars, will they in reality prove to be friendly or hostile?  

==Sci-Fi & Sci==

==Sci-Fi & Sci==

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of matters '''''Extraterrestrial''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Extraterrestrial '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of matters '''''Extraterrestrial''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Extraterrestrial '''''this link'''''].</center>

A poll conducted for [http://www.planetary.org/home/ The Planetary Society] by the [http://maristpoll.marist.edu/ Marist Institute] in 1998 suggested that 86% of Americans who think there is life on other planets believe it will be friendly (see opinion polls, about extraterrestrials). Similar optimism has been expressed by many scientists who have figured prominently in the search for extraterrestrial life, including Frank Drake, Philip Morrison, Carl Sagan, and Ronald Bracewell. An argument in favor of alien beneficence is that any [[race]] which has managed to survive the kind of global crises currently facing [[humanity]] (and which presumably confront all technological species at some stage in their development) is likely to have resolved the sources of conflict we still have on Earth (see extraterrestrial civilizations, hazards to). Morrison, for instance, doubted that advanced societies "crush out any competitive form of intelligence, especially when there is clearly no danger." Similarly, Arthur C. Clarke has stated that:

A poll conducted for [https://www.planetary.org/home/ The Planetary Society] by the [https://maristpoll.marist.edu/ Marist Institute] in 1998 suggested that 86% of Americans who think there is life on other planets believe it will be friendly (see opinion polls, about extraterrestrials). Similar optimism has been expressed by many scientists who have figured prominently in the search for extraterrestrial life, including Frank Drake, Philip Morrison, Carl Sagan, and Ronald Bracewell. An argument in favor of alien beneficence is that any [[race]] which has managed to survive the kind of global crises currently facing [[humanity]] (and which presumably confront all technological species at some stage in their development) is likely to have resolved the sources of conflict we still have on Earth (see extraterrestrial civilizations, hazards to). Morrison, for instance, doubted that advanced societies "crush out any competitive form of intelligence, especially when there is clearly no danger." Similarly, Arthur C. Clarke has stated that:

<blockquote>As our own species is in the process of proving, one cannot have superior science and inferior morals. The combination is unstable and self-destroying.

<blockquote>As our own species is in the process of proving, one cannot have superior science and inferior morals. The combination is unstable and self-destroying.

However, there can be no assurance on this point. After all, human beings appear to have made very little progress, over the past two millennia or so, toward eliminating or controlling their aggressive tendencies. And there is no reason to suppose we shall change much in this respect over the next few centuries, during which time we may well develop the means of reaching the stars in a realistic timescale. Those who are pessimistic about the general nature of extraterrestrials argue that Darwinism, and its fundamental tenet "survival of the fittest", virtually guarantees that any advanced species will be potentially dangerous.</blockquote> Michael Archer, professor of biology at the University of New South Wales, Australia, has put it this way:1

However, there can be no assurance on this point. After all, human beings appear to have made very little progress, over the past two millennia or so, toward eliminating or controlling their aggressive tendencies. And there is no reason to suppose we shall change much in this respect over the next few centuries, during which time we may well develop the means of reaching the stars in a realistic timescale. Those who are pessimistic about the general nature of extraterrestrials argue that Darwinism, and its fundamental tenet "survival of the fittest", virtually guarantees that any advanced species will be potentially dangerous.</blockquote> Michael Archer, professor of biology at the University of New South Wales, Australia, has put it this way:1

==Quote==

==Quote==

You would be more than interested in the [[planetary]] conduct of this type of [[mortal]] because such a [[race]] of [[being]]s inhabits a [[sphere]] in close [[proximity]] to [[Urantia]].[http://www.urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=http://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper49.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper49.html&line=99#mfs]

You would be more than interested in the [[planetary]] conduct of this type of [[mortal]] because such a [[race]] of [[being]]s inhabits a [[sphere]] in close [[proximity]] to [[Urantia]].[https://www.urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=https://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper49.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper49.html&line=99#mfs]

==References==

==References==

# "Venus clouds 'might harbour life'". BBC News. 2004-05-25. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.

# "Venus clouds 'might harbour life'". BBC News. 2004-05-25. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.

# http://www.planetary.org/programs/projects/explore_europa/update_12142005.html"

# https://www.planetary.org/programs/projects/explore_europa/update_12142005.html"

# "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". Retrieved on 2007-12-01.

# "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". Retrieved on 2007-12-01.

# "Ammonia-based life". daviddarling.info.

# "Ammonia-based life". daviddarling.info.

# Spotts, Peter N. (2005-02-28). "Sea boosts hope of finding signs of life on Mars". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved on 2006-12-18.

# Spotts, Peter N. (2005-02-28). "Sea boosts hope of finding signs of life on Mars". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved on 2006-12-18.

# "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the Optical Spectrum". The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory.

# "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the Optical Spectrum". The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory.

# http://planet.iap.fr/OB05390.news.html.

# https://planet.iap.fr/OB05390.news.html.

# SPACE.com - Major Discovery: New Planet Could Harbor Water and Life

# SPACE.com - Major Discovery: New Planet Could Harbor Water and Life

# 1997AJ 113.1445W Page 1445

# 1997AJ 113.1445W Page 1445

*Diana G. Tumminia: Alien Worlds — Social and Religious Dimensions of Extraterrestrial Contact. Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse 2007, ISBN 978-0-8156-0858-5

*Diana G. Tumminia: Alien Worlds — Social and Religious Dimensions of Extraterrestrial Contact. Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse 2007, ISBN 978-0-8156-0858-5

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/9 'Is There Anybody Out There?'] Freeview video by the Vega Science Trust and the BBC/OU.

*[https://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/9 'Is There Anybody Out There?'] Freeview video by the Vega Science Trust and the BBC/OU.

*[http://www.pbs.org/lifebeyondearth/index.html ''PBS: Life Beyond Earth''] a film by Timothy Ferris

*[https://www.pbs.org/lifebeyondearth/index.html ''PBS: Life Beyond Earth''] a film by Timothy Ferris

*[http://www.pbs.org/exploringspace/ ''PBS: Exploring Space - The Quest for Life'' by Scott Pearson]

*[https://www.pbs.org/exploringspace/ ''PBS: Exploring Space - The Quest for Life'' by Scott Pearson]

*[http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/Xenopsychology.htm ''Xenopsychology''"] by Robert A. Freitas Jr.

*[https://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/Xenopsychology.htm ''Xenopsychology''"] by Robert A. Freitas Jr.

*[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/05/0520_050520_tv_aliens.html "What Aliens Might Look Like"] from National Geographic

*[https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/05/0520_050520_tv_aliens.html "What Aliens Might Look Like"] from National Geographic

*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4728228.stm Top stars picked in alien search], from BBC News

*[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4728228.stm Top stars picked in alien search], from BBC News

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]