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− | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]] | + | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Usespeech1928a.jpg|right|frame]] |
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| A '''figure of speech''' is a use of a [[word]] that diverges from its [[normal]] [[meaning]], or a phrase with a specialized [[meaning]] not based on the [[literal]] meaning of the [[words]] in it such as a [[metaphor]], [[simile]], or [[personification]]. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of [[expression]], or [[clarity]]. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an [[ambiguity]] between literal and figurative [[interpretation]]. A figure of speech is sometimes called a [[rhetoric]] or a locution. | | A '''figure of speech''' is a use of a [[word]] that diverges from its [[normal]] [[meaning]], or a phrase with a specialized [[meaning]] not based on the [[literal]] meaning of the [[words]] in it such as a [[metaphor]], [[simile]], or [[personification]]. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of [[expression]], or [[clarity]]. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an [[ambiguity]] between literal and figurative [[interpretation]]. A figure of speech is sometimes called a [[rhetoric]] or a locution. |
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| * transferring/transposition (transmutatio) | | * transferring/transposition (transmutatio) |
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− | These four operations were detected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_rhetoric classical rhetoric], and still serve to [[encompass]] the various figures of speech. Originally these were called, in [[Latin]], the four operations of quadripartita ratio. The ancient surviving text mentioning them, although not recognizing them as the four fundating principles, is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorica_ad_Herennium Rhetorica ad Herennium], of author unknown, where they are called ἔνδεια, πλεονασμός, μετάθεσις and ἐναλλαγή.[2] Quintillian then mentioned them in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria Institutio Oratoria].[3] [[Philo]] of Alexandria also listed them as addition (πρόσθεσις), subtraction (ἀφαίρεσις), transposition (μετάθεσις), and transmutation (ἀλλοίωσις).[4]There are many examples of figures of speech. | + | These four operations were detected by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_rhetoric classical rhetoric], and still serve to [[encompass]] the various figures of speech. Originally these were called, in [[Latin]], the four operations of quadripartita ratio. The ancient surviving text mentioning them, although not recognizing them as the four fundating principles, is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorica_ad_Herennium Rhetorica ad Herennium], of author unknown, where they are called ἔνδεια, πλεονασμός, μετάθεσις and ἐναλλαγή.[2] Quintillian then mentioned them in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria Institutio Oratoria].[3] [[Philo]] of Alexandria also listed them as addition (πρόσθεσις), subtraction (ἀφαίρεσις), transposition (μετάθεσις), and transmutation (ἀλλοίωσις).[4]There are many examples of figures of speech. |
| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
− | * [http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/rhetoric.html A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples] from the University of Kentucky | + | * [https://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/rhetoric.html A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples] from the University of Kentucky |
− | * [http://rhetoric.byu.edu/ A Guide to Rhetorical Ideas] from Silva Rhetoricae | + | * [https://rhetoric.byu.edu/ A Guide to Rhetorical Ideas] from Silva Rhetoricae |
− | * [http://niquette.com/puzzles/figurep.htm Figures of Speech] from Paul Niquette | + | * [https://niquette.com/puzzles/figurep.htm Figures of Speech] from Paul Niquette |
− | * [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Figures/Figures-Overview.htm Figures of Speech] from Silva Rhetoricae | + | * [https://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Figures/Figures-Overview.htm Figures of Speech] from Silva Rhetoricae |
− | * [http://www.figarospeech.com It Figures - Figures of Speech] from Jay Heinrichs | + | * [https://www.figarospeech.com It Figures - Figures of Speech] from Jay Heinrichs |
− | * [http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/writing/style Stylistic Devices on English Grammar Online] from Lingo4you GbR | + | * [https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/writing/style Stylistic Devices on English Grammar Online] from Lingo4you GbR |
− | * [http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43799 Introducing Philosophy 21: Rhetoric] from Paul Newall (2005) | + | * [https://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43799 Introducing Philosophy 21: Rhetoric] from Paul Newall (2005) |
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| [[Category: Languages and Literature]] | | [[Category: Languages and Literature]] |