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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] ==Definitions== *1a : a persistent concentration o...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Fixation1a.jpg|right|frame]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : a [[persistent]] [[concentration]] of [[libidinal]] [[energies]] upon objects characteristic of psychosexual [[stages]] of [[development]] preceding the genital stage
:b : [[stereotype]]d [[behavior]] (as in response to [[frustration]])
:c : an [[obsessive]] or unhealthy preoccupation or [[attachment]]
==Description==
'''Fixation''' is a concept originated by [[Sigmund Freud]] (1905a) to denote the [[persistence]] of anachronistic [[sexual]] [[traits]]'. Subsequently '"Fixation" acquired a broader [[connotation]]. With the development of theory of [[libidinal]] [[stages]]...the term came to mean a persistent [[attachment]], not only to the specific [[instinctual]] aims of a particular era, but, instead, to the entire [[complex]] of [[self]] and object relation at that time.
More generally, it is the state in which becomes [[obsessed]] with an [[attachment]] to another person, being or object (in human [[psychology]]): 'A strong attachment to a person or thing, especially such an attachment formed in [[childhood]] or [[infancy]] and manifested in immature or neurotic behavior that [[persists]] throughout life'.
In ''Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality'' (1905), [[Freud]] distinguished 'fixations of preliminary sexual aims...as in the case of voyeurs from the 'after-effects of infantile object-choice...an incestuous fixation of his [or her] [[libido]]'.
Sigmund Freud theorized that some [[humans]] may develop psychological fixation due to:
*1: A lack of proper [[gratification]] during one of the psychosexual [[stages]] of [[development]], or
*2: Receiving a strong [[impression]] from one of these stages, in which case the person's [[personality]] would reflect that stage throughout adult life. He also assumed that 'these early impressions of sexual life are characterized by an increased pertinacity or susceptibilty to fixation in persons who are later to become neurotics or perverts'.
*3: 'An excessively strong [[manifestation]] of these [[instincts]] at a very early age [which] leads to a kind of partial fixation, which then constitutes a weak point in the [[structure]] of the [[sexual]] [[function]]'.
Whether a particularly [[obsessive]] [[attachment]] is a fixation or a defensible [[expression]] of love is at times debatable. Fixation to intangibles (i.e., [[ideas]], [[ideologies]], etc.) can also occur. The obsessive factor is also found in symptoms pertaining to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive_compulsive_disorder obsessive compulsive disorder], which [[psychoanalysts]] linked to 'pregenital fixations' whether caused by 'an alternation of unusual gratifications and unusual [[frustrations]]...[or] a concurrence of instinctual gratifications with [[security]] gratifications'.
As Freud's [[thought]] developed, so too did 'the notion of a succession of possible "fixation points"' during [[development]], and of 'the relation between this succession of fixation points and the choice of neurosis'. However he continued to view fixation as 'the [[manifestation]] of very early linkages – linkages which it is hard to resolve – between [[instincts]] and impressions and the objects involved in those impressions'.
Fixation has been [[compared]] to the way 'if you walk in front of a little chick at a certain time in the chick's life he'll follow you...there's a particular time when he gets "set"'. Such '[[filial]] imprinting...at a particular [[stage]] early in [[life]]...a "[[sensitive]] period" in development' might seem a ready [[explanation]] for the human phenomenon of fixation. Freud, however, 'wanted to loosen, not tighten, the link between [[libido]] and its objects', and always looked for more specific causes for any given (perverse or neurotic) fixation.
'For [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Klein Melanie Klein], the fixing of the [[libido]] at a given stage is already an effect of the [[pathological]] [[process]]'. She considered that 'a fixation that leads to a [[symptom]] was already on the way to sublimation but was cut off from it by [[repression]]'.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_H._Erikson Erik H. Erikson] distinguished two variants in [[stage]]-fixation – that of "zone" and of "[[mode]]". Thus at the oral stage there may be 'a zone fixation, i.e., the individual holds on to oral [[pleasures]]', or there may be 'a mode fixation...he always wants to get whether by mouth and [[senses]], or by other apertures, receptors, or behaviours. This kind of fixation will later be carried over to other zones'. He instanced the man who 'may eagerly [[absorb]] the "milk of wisdom" where he once [[desired]] more tangible fluids from more sensuous containers'. His analysand, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Berne Eric Berne] developed his [[insight]] further as part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_analysis Transactional analysis], suggesting that 'particular games and scripts, and their accompanying physical [[symptoms]], are based in appropriate zones and modes'.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Kohut Heinz Kohut] in his [[exploration]] of 'the grandiose [[self]]...regards it as a fixation upon a normal structure of childhood'.
'The basic idea that people can become fixated in their [[development]] has had an important [[influence]] on many post-Freudian psychoanalytic [[theories]] of [[criminality]], sexual deviancy and [[aggression]]'.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_%28psychology%29]
[[Category: Psychology]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : a [[persistent]] [[concentration]] of [[libidinal]] [[energies]] upon objects characteristic of psychosexual [[stages]] of [[development]] preceding the genital stage
:b : [[stereotype]]d [[behavior]] (as in response to [[frustration]])
:c : an [[obsessive]] or unhealthy preoccupation or [[attachment]]
==Description==
'''Fixation''' is a concept originated by [[Sigmund Freud]] (1905a) to denote the [[persistence]] of anachronistic [[sexual]] [[traits]]'. Subsequently '"Fixation" acquired a broader [[connotation]]. With the development of theory of [[libidinal]] [[stages]]...the term came to mean a persistent [[attachment]], not only to the specific [[instinctual]] aims of a particular era, but, instead, to the entire [[complex]] of [[self]] and object relation at that time.
More generally, it is the state in which becomes [[obsessed]] with an [[attachment]] to another person, being or object (in human [[psychology]]): 'A strong attachment to a person or thing, especially such an attachment formed in [[childhood]] or [[infancy]] and manifested in immature or neurotic behavior that [[persists]] throughout life'.
In ''Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality'' (1905), [[Freud]] distinguished 'fixations of preliminary sexual aims...as in the case of voyeurs from the 'after-effects of infantile object-choice...an incestuous fixation of his [or her] [[libido]]'.
Sigmund Freud theorized that some [[humans]] may develop psychological fixation due to:
*1: A lack of proper [[gratification]] during one of the psychosexual [[stages]] of [[development]], or
*2: Receiving a strong [[impression]] from one of these stages, in which case the person's [[personality]] would reflect that stage throughout adult life. He also assumed that 'these early impressions of sexual life are characterized by an increased pertinacity or susceptibilty to fixation in persons who are later to become neurotics or perverts'.
*3: 'An excessively strong [[manifestation]] of these [[instincts]] at a very early age [which] leads to a kind of partial fixation, which then constitutes a weak point in the [[structure]] of the [[sexual]] [[function]]'.
Whether a particularly [[obsessive]] [[attachment]] is a fixation or a defensible [[expression]] of love is at times debatable. Fixation to intangibles (i.e., [[ideas]], [[ideologies]], etc.) can also occur. The obsessive factor is also found in symptoms pertaining to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive_compulsive_disorder obsessive compulsive disorder], which [[psychoanalysts]] linked to 'pregenital fixations' whether caused by 'an alternation of unusual gratifications and unusual [[frustrations]]...[or] a concurrence of instinctual gratifications with [[security]] gratifications'.
As Freud's [[thought]] developed, so too did 'the notion of a succession of possible "fixation points"' during [[development]], and of 'the relation between this succession of fixation points and the choice of neurosis'. However he continued to view fixation as 'the [[manifestation]] of very early linkages – linkages which it is hard to resolve – between [[instincts]] and impressions and the objects involved in those impressions'.
Fixation has been [[compared]] to the way 'if you walk in front of a little chick at a certain time in the chick's life he'll follow you...there's a particular time when he gets "set"'. Such '[[filial]] imprinting...at a particular [[stage]] early in [[life]]...a "[[sensitive]] period" in development' might seem a ready [[explanation]] for the human phenomenon of fixation. Freud, however, 'wanted to loosen, not tighten, the link between [[libido]] and its objects', and always looked for more specific causes for any given (perverse or neurotic) fixation.
'For [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Klein Melanie Klein], the fixing of the [[libido]] at a given stage is already an effect of the [[pathological]] [[process]]'. She considered that 'a fixation that leads to a [[symptom]] was already on the way to sublimation but was cut off from it by [[repression]]'.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_H._Erikson Erik H. Erikson] distinguished two variants in [[stage]]-fixation – that of "zone" and of "[[mode]]". Thus at the oral stage there may be 'a zone fixation, i.e., the individual holds on to oral [[pleasures]]', or there may be 'a mode fixation...he always wants to get whether by mouth and [[senses]], or by other apertures, receptors, or behaviours. This kind of fixation will later be carried over to other zones'. He instanced the man who 'may eagerly [[absorb]] the "milk of wisdom" where he once [[desired]] more tangible fluids from more sensuous containers'. His analysand, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Berne Eric Berne] developed his [[insight]] further as part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_analysis Transactional analysis], suggesting that 'particular games and scripts, and their accompanying physical [[symptoms]], are based in appropriate zones and modes'.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Kohut Heinz Kohut] in his [[exploration]] of 'the grandiose [[self]]...regards it as a fixation upon a normal structure of childhood'.
'The basic idea that people can become fixated in their [[development]] has had an important [[influence]] on many post-Freudian psychoanalytic [[theories]] of [[criminality]], sexual deviancy and [[aggression]]'.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_%28psychology%29]
[[Category: Psychology]]