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==Origin==
 
==Origin==
The verb to gull and the noun ''cullibility'' (with a C) date back to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare Shakespeare] and Swift, whereas ''gullibility'' is a relatively recent addition to the lexicon. It was considered a [[neologism]] as recently as the early 19th century. The first attestation of ''gullibility'' known to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] appears in 1793, and ''gullible'' in 1825. The OED gives gullible as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-formation back-formation] from ''gullibility'', which is itself an alteration of ''cullibility''.
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The verb to gull and the noun ''cullibility'' (with a C) date back to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare Shakespeare] and Swift, whereas ''gullibility'' is a relatively recent addition to the lexicon. It was considered a [[neologism]] as recently as the early 19th century. The first attestation of ''gullibility'' known to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] appears in 1793, and ''gullible'' in 1825. The OED gives gullible as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-formation back-formation] from ''gullibility'', which is itself an alteration of ''cullibility''.
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Early editions of [[Samuel Johnson]]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language A Dictionary of the English Language], including those published in 1797 and 1804, do not contain "gullibility" or "gullible". An 1818 edition by Henry John Todd denounces "gullibility" as "a low expression, sometimes used for cullibility".''Gullibility'' does not appear in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Webster Noah Webster]'s 1817 ''A dictionary of the English language'', but it does appear in the 1830 edition of his [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary American dictionary of the English language], where it is defined: "n. Credulity. (A low word)". Both gullibility and gullible appear in the 1900 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Dictionary New English Dictionary].
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Early editions of [[Samuel Johnson]]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language A Dictionary of the English Language], including those published in 1797 and 1804, do not contain "gullibility" or "gullible". An 1818 edition by Henry John Todd denounces "gullibility" as "a low expression, sometimes used for cullibility".''Gullibility'' does not appear in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Webster Noah Webster]'s 1817 ''A dictionary of the English language'', but it does appear in the 1830 edition of his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary American dictionary of the English language], where it is defined: "n. Credulity. (A low word)". Both gullibility and gullible appear in the 1900 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Dictionary New English Dictionary].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1818]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1818]
 
==Definitions==
 
==Definitions==
 
*1: easily duped or [[Exploitation|cheated]]  
 
*1: easily duped or [[Exploitation|cheated]]  
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
'''Gullibility''' is a [[failure]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_intelligence social intelligence] in which a person is easily tricked or [[manipulated]] into an ill-advised [[course]] of [[action]]. It is closely related to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credulity credulity], which is the tendency to [[believe]] unlikely [[propositions]] that are unsupported by [[evidence]].
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'''Gullibility''' is a [[failure]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_intelligence social intelligence] in which a person is easily tricked or [[manipulated]] into an ill-advised [[course]] of [[action]]. It is closely related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credulity credulity], which is the tendency to [[believe]] unlikely [[propositions]] that are unsupported by [[evidence]].
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Classes of people especially [[vulnerable]] to [[exploitation]] due to gullibility include [[children]], the [[elderly]], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmentally_disabled developmentally disabled].
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Classes of people especially [[vulnerable]] to [[exploitation]] due to gullibility include [[children]], the [[elderly]], and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmentally_disabled developmentally disabled].
    
The words ''gullible'' and ''credulous'' are commonly used as synonyms. Goepp & Kay (1984) state that while both words mean "unduly [[trusting]] or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a [[fool]] of, suggesting a lack of [[intelligence]], whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming [[beliefs]], suggesting a lack of [[skepticism]]. Jewell (2006) states the [[difference]] is a matter of degree: the gullible are "the easiest to [[deceive]]", while the credulous are "a little too quick to believe something, but they usually aren't stupid enough to [[act]] on it."
 
The words ''gullible'' and ''credulous'' are commonly used as synonyms. Goepp & Kay (1984) state that while both words mean "unduly [[trusting]] or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a [[fool]] of, suggesting a lack of [[intelligence]], whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming [[beliefs]], suggesting a lack of [[skepticism]]. Jewell (2006) states the [[difference]] is a matter of degree: the gullible are "the easiest to [[deceive]]", while the credulous are "a little too quick to believe something, but they usually aren't stupid enough to [[act]] on it."
    
Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999) characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and [[naïve]]. Greenspan (2009) stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an [[action]] in addition to a [[belief]], and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the [[exploitation]] of a [[victim]]'s credulity.
 
Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999) characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and [[naïve]]. Greenspan (2009) stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an [[action]] in addition to a [[belief]], and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the [[exploitation]] of a [[victim]]'s credulity.
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==See also==
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*'''''[[Credulity]]'''''
    
[[Category: Psychology]]
 
[[Category: Psychology]]