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[[Image:Hairposter.jpg|right|thumb|Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical]]

[[Image:Hairposter.jpg|right|thumb|Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical]]

'''''Hair:  The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical''''', is a [[rock musical]] with a book and lyrics by [[James Rado]] and [[Gerome Ragni]], and music by [[Galt MacDermot]].  The musical was a product of the [[hippy]] [[counter-culture]] and [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s, and several of its songs became anthems of the [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam War]] [[peace movement]]. At the time, the musical's depiction of the use of illegal drugs, sexuality, profanity, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/27/newsid_3107000/3107815.stm "On This day" 27 September BBC News  1968: Musical Hair opens as censors withdraw]. The musical broke new ground in [[musical theatre]] by defining the genre of the "rock musical", utilizing a racially-integrated cast, and by inviting the audience onstage for a [[Human Be-In|"Be-in"]] finale.[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/LATimes6-7-01.html Los Angeles Times article dated June 17, 2001]  

'''''Hair:  The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical''''', is a [[rock musical]] with a book and lyrics by [[James Rado]] and [[Gerome Ragni]], and music by [[Galt MacDermot]].  The musical was a product of the [[hippy]] [[counter-culture]] and [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s, and several of its songs became anthems of the [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam War]] [[peace movement]]. At the time, the musical's depiction of the use of illegal drugs, sexuality, profanity, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/27/newsid_3107000/3107815.stm "On This day" 27 September BBC News  1968: Musical Hair opens as censors withdraw]. The musical broke new ground in [[musical theatre]] by defining the genre of the "rock musical", utilizing a racially-integrated cast, and by inviting the audience onstage for a [[Human Be-In|"Be-in"]] finale.[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/LATimes6-7-01.html Los Angeles Times article dated June 17, 2001]  

After an [[off-Broadway]] debut in October 1967 at [[Joseph Papp]]'s [[Public Theater]], the production opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in April 1968 and ran for 1,750 performances, [http://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?id=3393 ''Hair'' on Internet Broadway Database] followed by a successful London production which ran for 1,998 performances.  Numerous productions have been staged around the world since then, and numerous recordings of the musical have been released.  Several of the songs from its score became [[Top 40]] hits, and a successful [[Hair (film)|movie version]] was released in 1979.  ''Hair'' ranked tenth in a [[BBC Radio 2]] listener [[Opinion poll|poll]] of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals" ("Nation" referring to the [[United Kingdom]]).[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/shows/paige/essentialvote.shtml Ranking from the BBC website]

After an [[off-Broadway]] debut in October 1967 at [[Joseph Papp]]'s [[Public Theater]], the production opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in April 1968 and ran for 1,750 performances, [https://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?id=3393 ''Hair'' on Internet Broadway Database] followed by a successful London production which ran for 1,998 performances.  Numerous productions have been staged around the world since then, and numerous recordings of the musical have been released.  Several of the songs from its score became [[Top 40]] hits, and a successful [[Hair (film)|movie version]] was released in 1979.  ''Hair'' ranked tenth in a [[BBC Radio 2]] listener [[Opinion poll|poll]] of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals" ("Nation" referring to the [[United Kingdom]]).[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/shows/paige/essentialvote.shtml Ranking from the BBC website]

==History==

==History==

''Hair'' was conceived by actors James Rado and Gerry Ragni.  In the 1960s, Ragni was an active member of [[The Open Theater]] group, which was developing improvisational and experimental drama techniques.<ref name=Miller>Miller, pp. 54-56</ref> While writing ''Hair'' in 1966, Ragni performed in The Open Theater's production of Megan Terry's play, ''Viet Rock'', which influenced his development of the book for ''Hair''.  ''Viet Rock'' was described by critics as "wild... contributing something new to the concept and technique of stagecraft" (''Variety''), and "...the first realized theatrical statement about the Vietnam War" (''Village Voice'').<ref name=Miller/><ref>[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Viet%20Rock  ''Viet Rock'' on Lortel Archives]</ref> During this period, Rado was studying acting with [[Lee Strasberg]] and appearing on Broadway in ''[[The Lion in Winter]]''.

''Hair'' was conceived by actors James Rado and Gerry Ragni.  In the 1960s, Ragni was an active member of [[The Open Theater]] group, which was developing improvisational and experimental drama techniques.<ref name=Miller>Miller, pp. 54-56</ref> While writing ''Hair'' in 1966, Ragni performed in The Open Theater's production of Megan Terry's play, ''Viet Rock'', which influenced his development of the book for ''Hair''.  ''Viet Rock'' was described by critics as "wild... contributing something new to the concept and technique of stagecraft" (''Variety''), and "...the first realized theatrical statement about the Vietnam War" (''Village Voice'').<ref name=Miller/><ref>[https://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Viet%20Rock  ''Viet Rock'' on Lortel Archives]</ref> During this period, Rado was studying acting with [[Lee Strasberg]] and appearing on Broadway in ''[[The Lion in Winter]]''.

The two actors met in 1964 when they were both cast in the off-Broaway play ''Hang Down Your Head and Die'' and were soon writing ''Hair'' together.<ref name=LATimes/><ref>[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=3997 Lortel Archives - Internet Off-Broadway Databse]</ref> In the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Rado describes the inspiration for ''Hair'' as "a combination of some characters we met in the streets, people we knew and our own imaginations.  We knew this group of kids in the [[East Village]] who were [[dropping out]] and [[Draft dodger|dodging the draft]], and there were also lots of articles in the press about how kids were being kicked out of school for growing their hair long, and we incorporated that in the show too."<ref name=LATimes/>  Many cast members ([[Shelley Plimpton]] in particular) were recruited right off the street.<ref name=LATimes/>

The two actors met in 1964 when they were both cast in the off-Broaway play ''Hang Down Your Head and Die'' and were soon writing ''Hair'' together.<ref name=LATimes/><ref>[https://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=3997 Lortel Archives - Internet Off-Broadway Databse]</ref> In the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Rado describes the inspiration for ''Hair'' as "a combination of some characters we met in the streets, people we knew and our own imaginations.  We knew this group of kids in the [[East Village]] who were [[dropping out]] and [[Draft dodger|dodging the draft]], and there were also lots of articles in the press about how kids were being kicked out of school for growing their hair long, and we incorporated that in the show too."<ref name=LATimes/>  Many cast members ([[Shelley Plimpton]] in particular) were recruited right off the street.<ref name=LATimes/>

Rado and Ragni brought the show to producer [[Nat Shapiro]], and Shapiro connected them with pianist/composer Galt MacDermot who had won a Grammy in 1961 for his composition "African Waltz" (recorded by [[Cannonball Adderley]]).<ref>[http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608004172/Galt-MacDermot.html MusicianGuide Biography of Galt MacDermot]</ref>  While living in South Africa, MacDermot studied the music of the [[Bantu]] tribe, music that stresses beats on unexpected syllables, and incorporated this African influence into the ''Hair'' score.<ref name=Miller/>  MacDermot says he listened to "what they called quaylas... very characteristic beat, very similar to rock. Much deeper though... ''Hair'' is very African - a lot of [the] rhythms, not the tunes so much."<ref name=Miller/> Among the first songs written for the show were "I Got Life", "Ain't Got No", "Where Do I Go" and the title song "Hair".<ref name=LATimes/>   

Rado and Ragni brought the show to producer [[Nat Shapiro]], and Shapiro connected them with pianist/composer Galt MacDermot who had won a Grammy in 1961 for his composition "African Waltz" (recorded by [[Cannonball Adderley]]).<ref>[https://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608004172/Galt-MacDermot.html MusicianGuide Biography of Galt MacDermot]</ref>  While living in South Africa, MacDermot studied the music of the [[Bantu]] tribe, music that stresses beats on unexpected syllables, and incorporated this African influence into the ''Hair'' score.<ref name=Miller/>  MacDermot says he listened to "what they called quaylas... very characteristic beat, very similar to rock. Much deeper though... ''Hair'' is very African - a lot of [the] rhythms, not the tunes so much."<ref name=Miller/> Among the first songs written for the show were "I Got Life", "Ain't Got No", "Where Do I Go" and the title song "Hair".<ref name=LATimes/>   

The show was pitched to several Broadway producers and received many rejections. Eventually [[Joe Papp]], who ran the then-named [[New York Shakespeare Festival]], decided he wanted ''Hair'' to open his newly titled [[Public Theater]] in [[New York City]]'s [[Greenwich Village]]. Chicago businessman [[Michael Butler (producer)|Michael Butler]] - after seeing an ad for ''Hair'' in the ''[[New York Times]]'' that led him to believe the show was about [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] - watched the Public's production several times and decided to buy the rights and move it to Broadway.<ref name=LATimes/>  ''Hair'' became the first off-Broadway musical to successfully make the transition to the Broadway stage.<ref name=NYTimes>[http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FB0F13F6345413728DDDAD0994D9405B898BF1D3 New York Times article dated January 14, 1979]</ref>

The show was pitched to several Broadway producers and received many rejections. Eventually [[Joe Papp]], who ran the then-named [[New York Shakespeare Festival]], decided he wanted ''Hair'' to open his newly titled [[Public Theater]] in [[New York City]]'s [[Greenwich Village]]. Chicago businessman [[Michael Butler (producer)|Michael Butler]] - after seeing an ad for ''Hair'' in the ''[[New York Times]]'' that led him to believe the show was about [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] - watched the Public's production several times and decided to buy the rights and move it to Broadway.<ref name=LATimes/>  ''Hair'' became the first off-Broadway musical to successfully make the transition to the Broadway stage.<ref name=NYTimes>[https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FB0F13F6345413728DDDAD0994D9405B898BF1D3 New York Times article dated January 14, 1979]</ref>

==Early productions==

==Early productions==

Initially directed by [[Gerald Freedman]], ''Hair'' premiered [[off-Broadway]], as the inaugural performance of the under-construction [[Public Theater]], on [[17 October]] [[1967]], for a limited run of six weeks. It then ran for 45 performances at The Cheetah, an old [[discotheque]] at 53rd Street and Broadway, produced by [[Michael Butler (producer)|Michael Butler]].  There was no nudity in these productions.<ref name=LATimes/>  

Initially directed by [[Gerald Freedman]], ''Hair'' premiered [[off-Broadway]], as the inaugural performance of the under-construction [[Public Theater]], on [[17 October]] [[1967]], for a limited run of six weeks. It then ran for 45 performances at The Cheetah, an old [[discotheque]] at 53rd Street and Broadway, produced by [[Michael Butler (producer)|Michael Butler]].  There was no nudity in these productions.<ref name=LATimes/>  

Before the move to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], the creative team hired director [[Tom O'Horgan]].  O'Horgan had been directing experimental theater at [[La MaMa, E.T.C.]] and was the first choice to direct the Public Theater production but was not available at the time.<ref>Miller, p. 67</ref>  O'Horgan used nudity in many of the plays he directed, something that he would help integrate into the Broadway production.<ref name=LATimes/>  ''[[Newsweek]]'' described O'Horgan's directing style as "...sensual, savage, and thoroughly musical... [he] disintegrates verbal structure and often breaks up and distributes narrative and even character among different actors... He enjoys sensory bombardment."<ref>[http://www.orlok.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek6-3-68.html ''Newsweek'' article dated June 3, 1968]</ref>

Before the move to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], the creative team hired director [[Tom O'Horgan]].  O'Horgan had been directing experimental theater at [[La MaMa, E.T.C.]] and was the first choice to direct the Public Theater production but was not available at the time.<ref>Miller, p. 67</ref>  O'Horgan used nudity in many of the plays he directed, something that he would help integrate into the Broadway production.<ref name=LATimes/>  ''[[Newsweek]]'' described O'Horgan's directing style as "...sensual, savage, and thoroughly musical... [he] disintegrates verbal structure and often breaks up and distributes narrative and even character among different actors... He enjoys sensory bombardment."<ref>[https://www.orlok.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek6-3-68.html ''Newsweek'' article dated June 3, 1968]</ref>

;'''Broadway'''

;'''Broadway'''

The [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] version played at the [[Aquarius Theatre]] on [[Sunset Boulevard]] in [[Los Angeles]], running for an unprecedented two years.<ref name=Hairstory/>  The Los Angeles tribe included [[Robert Rothman]], [[James Rado]], [[Ben Vereen]], Red Shepard, [[Gerome Ragni]], [[Ted Neeley]], [[Meat Loaf]], [[Tata Vega]], [[Jobriath]], [[Jennifer Warnes]] (Warren) and [[Dobie Gray]]. Former [[Mouseketeer]] Cubby O'Brien served as drummer and musical director. <ref  name=Johnson>Johnson pp. 24-89</ref>

The [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] version played at the [[Aquarius Theatre]] on [[Sunset Boulevard]] in [[Los Angeles]], running for an unprecedented two years.<ref name=Hairstory/>  The Los Angeles tribe included [[Robert Rothman]], [[James Rado]], [[Ben Vereen]], Red Shepard, [[Gerome Ragni]], [[Ted Neeley]], [[Meat Loaf]], [[Tata Vega]], [[Jobriath]], [[Jennifer Warnes]] (Warren) and [[Dobie Gray]]. Former [[Mouseketeer]] Cubby O'Brien served as drummer and musical director. <ref  name=Johnson>Johnson pp. 24-89</ref>

There were soon nine simultaneous productions in U.S. cities, followed by national tours. <ref name=Hairstory/>  Among the performers in these were [[Joe Mantegna]] and [[André DeShields]] (Chicago), [[David Lasley]], [[David Patrick Kelly]] and [[Shaun Murphy (singer)|Shaun Murphy]] (Detroit), [[Arnold McCuller]] (tour), and [[Philip Michael Thomas]] (San Francisco).<ref  name=Johnson/> It was rare for this many productions to run simultaneously during an initial Broadway run.  Producer Michael Butler, who recently declared that ''Hair'' is "the strongest anti-war statement ever written", said the reason for this was to influence public opinion against the Vietnam War and end it as soon as possible.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/cyberbil/hair/jfk.html Michael Butler: How and Why I Got Into Hair]</ref>

There were soon nine simultaneous productions in U.S. cities, followed by national tours. <ref name=Hairstory/>  Among the performers in these were [[Joe Mantegna]] and [[André DeShields]] (Chicago), [[David Lasley]], [[David Patrick Kelly]] and [[Shaun Murphy (singer)|Shaun Murphy]] (Detroit), [[Arnold McCuller]] (tour), and [[Philip Michael Thomas]] (San Francisco).<ref  name=Johnson/> It was rare for this many productions to run simultaneously during an initial Broadway run.  Producer Michael Butler, who recently declared that ''Hair'' is "the strongest anti-war statement ever written", said the reason for this was to influence public opinion against the Vietnam War and end it as soon as possible.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/cyberbil/hair/jfk.html Michael Butler: How and Why I Got Into Hair]</ref>

;'''Original West End production'''

;'''Original West End production'''

''Hair'' opened at the [[Shaftesbury Theatre]] in [[London]] on [[27 September]] [[1968]], and running for 1,998 performances until closure was forced by the roof collapsing in [[July]] [[1973]].  The original [[London]] tribe included  [[Sonja Kristina]], [[Paul Nicholas]], [[Richard O'Brien]], [[Melba Moore]], [[Elaine Paige]], [[Paul Korda]], [[Marsha Hunt (singer and novelist)|Marsha Hunt]], [[Floella Benjamin]], [[Alex Harvey]] and [[Tim Curry]].  This was Curry's first full-time theatrical acting role, where he met future ''[[Rocky Horror Show]]'' collaborator O'Brien.<ref>[http://www.skyoneonline.co.uk/tcom/tim_curry.htm Official Tim Curry bio for [[Terry Pratchett]]'s ''[[The Colour of Magic]]'']</ref>

''Hair'' opened at the [[Shaftesbury Theatre]] in [[London]] on [[27 September]] [[1968]], and running for 1,998 performances until closure was forced by the roof collapsing in [[July]] [[1973]].  The original [[London]] tribe included  [[Sonja Kristina]], [[Paul Nicholas]], [[Richard O'Brien]], [[Melba Moore]], [[Elaine Paige]], [[Paul Korda]], [[Marsha Hunt (singer and novelist)|Marsha Hunt]], [[Floella Benjamin]], [[Alex Harvey]] and [[Tim Curry]].  This was Curry's first full-time theatrical acting role, where he met future ''[[Rocky Horror Show]]'' collaborator O'Brien.<ref>[https://www.skyoneonline.co.uk/tcom/tim_curry.htm Official Tim Curry bio for [[Terry Pratchett]]'s ''[[The Colour of Magic]]'']</ref>

;'''Early international productions'''

;'''Early international productions'''

A German production opened in 1968 in [[Munich]];<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT10-26-68.html New York Times Article on Munich ''Hair'' dated October 26, 1968]</ref> the tribe included [[Donna Summer]] and [[Liz Mitchell]] (of [[Boney M]]).  A Mexican production of ''Hair'' opened in [[1969]] for one performance. The show was shut down by the government, and the cast members were forced to leave Mexico to avoid arrest.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT1-6-69.html NY Times article on Mexico ''Hair'' dated January 9, 1969]</ref>

A German production opened in 1968 in [[Munich]];<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT10-26-68.html New York Times Article on Munich ''Hair'' dated October 26, 1968]</ref> the tribe included [[Donna Summer]] and [[Liz Mitchell]] (of [[Boney M]]).  A Mexican production of ''Hair'' opened in [[1969]] for one performance. The show was shut down by the government, and the cast members were forced to leave Mexico to avoid arrest.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT1-6-69.html NY Times article on Mexico ''Hair'' dated January 9, 1969]</ref>

The [[Australia]]n production of ''Hair'' premiered in [[Sydney]] on [[June 6]] [[1969]],<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT6-7-69.html New York Times Article on Sydney Production 6/7/69]</ref> playing for two years in Sydney, followed by an Australian tour. It was produced by [[Harry M. Miller]] and directed by [[Jim Sharman]]. The Australian production is also notable as the stage debut of popular Australian vocalist [[Marcia Hines]].  The Sydney tribe also included [[Sharon Redd]], [[Reg Livermore]], and [[John Waters (actor)|John Waters]]. The [[Melbourne]] tribe included Chuck McKinney and [[Michael Caton]].

The [[Australia]]n production of ''Hair'' premiered in [[Sydney]] on [[June 6]] [[1969]],<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT6-7-69.html New York Times Article on Sydney Production 6/7/69]</ref> playing for two years in Sydney, followed by an Australian tour. It was produced by [[Harry M. Miller]] and directed by [[Jim Sharman]]. The Australian production is also notable as the stage debut of popular Australian vocalist [[Marcia Hines]].  The Sydney tribe also included [[Sharon Redd]], [[Reg Livermore]], and [[John Waters (actor)|John Waters]]. The [[Melbourne]] tribe included Chuck McKinney and [[Michael Caton]].

Other early productions were staged in Sweden, Brazil, Argentina, Finland, France, Italy, Israel, Japan, Denmark, Norway, Canada, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and then-Yugoslavia (Belgrade). The Belgrade production was the first for ''Hair'' in a communist country.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek7-7-69.html Newsweek: ''Hair'' Around the World article dated July 7, 1969]</ref>

Other early productions were staged in Sweden, Brazil, Argentina, Finland, France, Italy, Israel, Japan, Denmark, Norway, Canada, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and then-Yugoslavia (Belgrade). The Belgrade production was the first for ''Hair'' in a communist country.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek7-7-69.html Newsweek: ''Hair'' Around the World article dated July 7, 1969]</ref>

;'''1977 Broadway revival and 1979 film'''

;'''1977 Broadway revival and 1979 film'''

{{main|Hair (film)}}

{{main|Hair (film)}}

A Broadway revival of ''Hair'' in 1977 ran for a short time with a cast that included [[Ellen Foley]] and [[Annie Golden]].<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT77revival.html ''New York Times'' article on the 1977 revival]</ref>   

A Broadway revival of ''Hair'' in 1977 ran for a short time with a cast that included [[Ellen Foley]] and [[Annie Golden]].<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT77revival.html ''New York Times'' article on the 1977 revival]</ref>   

A successful [[Hair (film)|movie version of ''Hair'']] was directed by [[Miloš Forman]] and released in [[1979]] with a cast including [[Treat Williams]], [[Beverly D'Angelo]], [[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]], Foley and Golden.  The film's storyline departs significantly from the musical.

A successful [[Hair (film)|movie version of ''Hair'']] was directed by [[Miloš Forman]] and released in [[1979]] with a cast including [[Treat Williams]], [[Beverly D'Angelo]], [[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]], Foley and Golden.  The film's storyline departs significantly from the musical.

==Songs==

==Songs==

The score had many more songs than were typical of Broadway shows.<ref name=Hairstory>[http://www.hairthemusical.com/history.html Rado's 2003 description of the show's background]</ref>  Most Broadway shows of the time had about six to ten songs per act; ''Hair'''s total is in the thirties. <ref>[http://www.stlyrics.com/h/hair.htm The lyrics to all the show's songs at ST lyrics. Accessed July 2007]</ref>

The score had many more songs than were typical of Broadway shows.<ref name=Hairstory>[https://www.hairthemusical.com/history.html Rado's 2003 description of the show's background]</ref>  Most Broadway shows of the time had about six to ten songs per act; ''Hair'''s total is in the thirties. <ref>[https://www.stlyrics.com/h/hair.htm The lyrics to all the show's songs at ST lyrics. Accessed July 2007]</ref>

{{col-begin}}

{{col-begin}}

==Political and cultural significance==

==Political and cultural significance==

;'''Politics and social change'''

;'''Politics and social change'''

''Hair'' challenged many of the [[Norm (sociology)|norms]] held by Western society at the time.  It caused controversy when it was first staged, and much publicity was provoked by the Act I finale which included male and female [[nudity]]. This became a legal issue both when the show opened in other cities and when the show left [[New York]] on tour.  Stage nudity was acceptable in New York at that time but was unknown elsewhere in the U.S. The show was also charged with the desecration of the [[American flag]] and the use of [[obscenity|obscene language]]. Two cases eventually went to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. The first case occurred during the Boston production when the show was shut down by the Massachusetts Supreme Court in April of 1970. The US Supreme Court overturned the ruling a month later.<ref>See [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Variety4-15-70.html this article from Variety, 4/15/70] and [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT5-23-70.html this New York Times article dated 5/23/70] about the Boston obscenity lawsuit</ref> The other case which began in April of 1972 (''Southeastern Promotions, LTD v. Conrad'', 420 U.S. 546) resulted in a 1975 Supreme Court ruling establishing that the City of [[Chattanooga]]'s refusal to allow the play to be shown at the city-owned [[Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium|Memorial Auditorium]] was an unlawful [[prior restraint]].<ref>See [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/ChatanoogaTimes4-5-72.html Chatanooga Times article dated April 5, 1972] and [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek3-31-75.html Newsweek article dated March 31, 1975] about the Chattanooga lawsuit</ref> ''Hair'' also effectively marked the end of stage [[censorship]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT9-29-68.html NY Times article on London ''Hair'' dated September 29, 1968]</ref>

''Hair'' challenged many of the [[Norm (sociology)|norms]] held by Western society at the time.  It caused controversy when it was first staged, and much publicity was provoked by the Act I finale which included male and female [[nudity]]. This became a legal issue both when the show opened in other cities and when the show left [[New York]] on tour.  Stage nudity was acceptable in New York at that time but was unknown elsewhere in the U.S. The show was also charged with the desecration of the [[American flag]] and the use of [[obscenity|obscene language]]. Two cases eventually went to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. The first case occurred during the Boston production when the show was shut down by the Massachusetts Supreme Court in April of 1970. The US Supreme Court overturned the ruling a month later.<ref>See [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Variety4-15-70.html this article from Variety, 4/15/70] and [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT5-23-70.html this New York Times article dated 5/23/70] about the Boston obscenity lawsuit</ref> The other case which began in April of 1972 (''Southeastern Promotions, LTD v. Conrad'', 420 U.S. 546) resulted in a 1975 Supreme Court ruling establishing that the City of [[Chattanooga]]'s refusal to allow the play to be shown at the city-owned [[Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium|Memorial Auditorium]] was an unlawful [[prior restraint]].<ref>See [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/ChatanoogaTimes4-5-72.html Chatanooga Times article dated April 5, 1972] and [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Newsweek3-31-75.html Newsweek article dated March 31, 1975] about the Chattanooga lawsuit</ref> ''Hair'' also effectively marked the end of stage [[censorship]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT9-29-68.html NY Times article on London ''Hair'' dated September 29, 1968]</ref>

The show occasionally received bomb threats and fell victim to tragedy during its early years. On April 26, 1971, the ''New York Times'' reported that a bomb was thrown at the outside of [[Cleveland]]'s Hanna Theater, bouncing off the marquee and shattering windows in the Hanna building and nearby storefronts.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-26-71.html NY Times article on the Cleveland bombing dated April 26, 1971]</ref>  That same month, the families of cast members Jonathan Johnson and Russel F. Carlson died in a suspicious fire in the Cleveland hotel where 33 members of the show's troupe had been staying.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Variety4-71.html Variety article on the suspicious Cleveland fire, dated April 1971]</ref>  The Sydney Australia production also had a bomb scare in June 1969.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/SydneyDailyTelegraph2669.html 1969 article on Sydney bomb scare]</ref>

The show occasionally received bomb threats and fell victim to tragedy during its early years. On April 26, 1971, the ''New York Times'' reported that a bomb was thrown at the outside of [[Cleveland]]'s Hanna Theater, bouncing off the marquee and shattering windows in the Hanna building and nearby storefronts.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-26-71.html NY Times article on the Cleveland bombing dated April 26, 1971]</ref>  That same month, the families of cast members Jonathan Johnson and Russel F. Carlson died in a suspicious fire in the Cleveland hotel where 33 members of the show's troupe had been staying.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/Variety4-71.html Variety article on the suspicious Cleveland fire, dated April 1971]</ref>  The Sydney Australia production also had a bomb scare in June 1969.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/SydneyDailyTelegraph2669.html 1969 article on Sydney bomb scare]</ref>

Astrology is a major theme in ''Hair'', as the songs "[[Aquarius]]" and "Good Morning, Starshine" brought astrological and cosmic concepts to popular culture.  The show's creators also consulted an astrologer when deciding when the show would open on Broadway and in other cities, and whom to cast.

Astrology is a major theme in ''Hair'', as the songs "[[Aquarius]]" and "Good Morning, Starshine" brought astrological and cosmic concepts to popular culture.  The show's creators also consulted an astrologer when deciding when the show would open on Broadway and in other cities, and whom to cast.

Many of the songs in ''Hair'' address political and social issues: "Air" is a song about pollution; "Sodomy" addresses sexual freedom; "Colored Spade", "Abie Baby" and "Black Boys/White Boys" address various racial issues (the latter, miscegenation); "Hashish" provides a list of pharmaceuticals, both illegal and legal (including [[Thorazine]] which is used to calm down mental patients);<ref>Miller, p. 116</ref> "Three-Five-Zero-Zero" is critical of the Vietnam War; and "Don't Put It Down" pokes fun at patriotism.<ref name=MillerPlot/> In addition, as Clive Barnes wrote in his original New York Times review of ''Hair'', "homosexuality is not frowned upon".<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-30-68.html Clive Barnes NY Times review]</ref> Three characters in particular - Claude, Berger and Woof - make reference to [[bisexual]] experiences and/or bisexuality. Woof says he has a big crush on [[Mick Jagger]], and Sheila announces at one point that Claude and Berger have had sex.<ref name=MillerPlot/>

Many of the songs in ''Hair'' address political and social issues: "Air" is a song about pollution; "Sodomy" addresses sexual freedom; "Colored Spade", "Abie Baby" and "Black Boys/White Boys" address various racial issues (the latter, miscegenation); "Hashish" provides a list of pharmaceuticals, both illegal and legal (including [[Thorazine]] which is used to calm down mental patients);<ref>Miller, p. 116</ref> "Three-Five-Zero-Zero" is critical of the Vietnam War; and "Don't Put It Down" pokes fun at patriotism.<ref name=MillerPlot/> In addition, as Clive Barnes wrote in his original New York Times review of ''Hair'', "homosexuality is not frowned upon".<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-30-68.html Clive Barnes NY Times review]</ref> Three characters in particular - Claude, Berger and Woof - make reference to [[bisexual]] experiences and/or bisexuality. Woof says he has a big crush on [[Mick Jagger]], and Sheila announces at one point that Claude and Berger have had sex.<ref name=MillerPlot/>

;'''Literary references'''

;'''Literary references'''

Music from the musical or other references to it have appeared in many media since the show premiered, including the following:

Music from the musical or other references to it have appeared in many media since the show premiered, including the following:

Several pop and rock artists had hits with songs from ''Hair'' in the late 60's. A medley of the two songs [[Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In]], which was number 33 on the [[2004]] [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs]], was recorded by [[The Fifth Dimension]] and released in [[1969]] as a [[Grammy Awards of 1970|Grammy-winning]] and [[Hot 100 number-one hits of 1969 (USA)|chart-topping]] [[single (music)|single]].<ref>[http://www.classicbands.com/Fifth.html The Fifth Dimension on ClassicBands.com]</ref> [[The Cowsills]] had a hit with the title song "Hair", which reached #2 on the Billboard charts in 1969.  "Good Morning Starshine" as sung by [[Oliver (William Oliver Swofford)|Oliver]] reached #3 on Billboard in 1969 and also lent its title to [[Strawberry Alarm Clock]]'s last album of original material, which included a cover of the song. [[Three Dog Night]] had a hit with "Easy to Be Hard" in 1969 (#4 Billboard).  [[Nina Simone]] recorded a medley from ''Hair'': "Ain't Got No - I Got Life" on the album ''[[Nuff Said]]'' (1968), which reached the top 5 on the British charts.<ref>See [http://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=COWSILLS&sql=11:kifuxqw5ldte~T51 The Cowsills], [http://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hpfqxqr5ldke~T51 Oliver], [http://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=THREE|DOG|NIGHT&sql=11:aifrxqr5ldse~T51 Three Dog Night] and [http://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:wifrxqw5ldhe~T1 Nina Simone] on Allmusic Guide for chart numbers</ref>  

Several pop and rock artists had hits with songs from ''Hair'' in the late 60's. A medley of the two songs [[Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In]], which was number 33 on the [[2004]] [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs]], was recorded by [[The Fifth Dimension]] and released in [[1969]] as a [[Grammy Awards of 1970|Grammy-winning]] and [[Hot 100 number-one hits of 1969 (USA)|chart-topping]] [[single (music)|single]].<ref>[https://www.classicbands.com/Fifth.html The Fifth Dimension on ClassicBands.com]</ref> [[The Cowsills]] had a hit with the title song "Hair", which reached #2 on the Billboard charts in 1969.  "Good Morning Starshine" as sung by [[Oliver (William Oliver Swofford)|Oliver]] reached #3 on Billboard in 1969 and also lent its title to [[Strawberry Alarm Clock]]'s last album of original material, which included a cover of the song. [[Three Dog Night]] had a hit with "Easy to Be Hard" in 1969 (#4 Billboard).  [[Nina Simone]] recorded a medley from ''Hair'': "Ain't Got No - I Got Life" on the album ''[[Nuff Said]]'' (1968), which reached the top 5 on the British charts.<ref>See [https://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=COWSILLS&sql=11:kifuxqw5ldte~T51 The Cowsills], [https://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hpfqxqr5ldke~T51 Oliver], [https://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=THREE|DOG|NIGHT&sql=11:aifrxqr5ldse~T51 Three Dog Night] and [https://wm03.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:wifrxqw5ldhe~T1 Nina Simone] on Allmusic Guide for chart numbers</ref>  

Other artists such as electronic music pioneer [[Mort Garson]] recorded an album of ''Hair'' covers entitled ''Electronic Hair Pieces'' in 1969, and [[Hugo Montenegro]]'s 1969 album ''Moog Power'', included a medley of the songs ''[[Hair (song)|Hair]]'' and [[Aquarius (song)|Aquarius]].

Other artists such as electronic music pioneer [[Mort Garson]] recorded an album of ''Hair'' covers entitled ''Electronic Hair Pieces'' in 1969, and [[Hugo Montenegro]]'s 1969 album ''Moog Power'', included a medley of the songs ''[[Hair (song)|Hair]]'' and [[Aquarius (song)|Aquarius]].

Songs from the musical have been featured in films and television episodes.  For example, in the 2005 movie ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'', the character Willy Wonka welcomed the children with lyrics from "Good Morning Starshine".<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367594/quotes Willy Wonka on IMDB]</ref>  "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" was performed in the final scene in the film ''[[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]]'',<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/40-Year-Old-Virgin-Steve-Carell/dp/B000AARKI0 40 Year old Virgin Soundtrack]</ref> and [[Three Dog Night]]'s cover of "Easy to be Hard" was featured in the first part of David Fincher's film [[Zodiac (film)|''Zodiac'']].<ref>[http://myspace.com/zodiacsoundtrack Zodiac Soundtrack]</ref>  On television, several episodes of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' have featured songs from ''Hair''.  In "[[The Springfield Files]]", the townspeople, [[Leonard Nimoy]], [[Chewbacca]], [[Dana Scully]] and [[Fox Mulder]] sang "Good Morning Starshine."  In other Simpsons episodes, the song "Hair" was heard when [[Marge Simpson]] was losing her hair, a gang of yoyoists played "Aquarius" when they came to Springfield elementary, and another episode featured "Easy to be Hard."{{Fact|date=October 2007}} "Good Morning Starshine" also appeared on ''[[Sesame Street]]'' episodes and albums, sung by cast member [[Bob McGrath]].{{Fact|date=October 2007}}  In addition,''[[Head of the Class]]'' featured a 2-part episode in 1990 where the head of the English department is determined to disrupt the school's performance of ''Hair''.<ref>[http://www.tv.com/head-of-the-class/from-hair-to-eternity--1/episode/31556/summary.html Head of the Class TV.com episode guide]</ref>

Songs from the musical have been featured in films and television episodes.  For example, in the 2005 movie ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'', the character Willy Wonka welcomed the children with lyrics from "Good Morning Starshine".<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367594/quotes Willy Wonka on IMDB]</ref>  "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" was performed in the final scene in the film ''[[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]]'',<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/40-Year-Old-Virgin-Steve-Carell/dp/B000AARKI0 40 Year old Virgin Soundtrack]</ref> and [[Three Dog Night]]'s cover of "Easy to be Hard" was featured in the first part of David Fincher's film [[Zodiac (film)|''Zodiac'']].<ref>[https://myspace.com/zodiacsoundtrack Zodiac Soundtrack]</ref>  On television, several episodes of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' have featured songs from ''Hair''.  In "[[The Springfield Files]]", the townspeople, [[Leonard Nimoy]], [[Chewbacca]], [[Dana Scully]] and [[Fox Mulder]] sang "Good Morning Starshine."  In other Simpsons episodes, the song "Hair" was heard when [[Marge Simpson]] was losing her hair, a gang of yoyoists played "Aquarius" when they came to Springfield elementary, and another episode featured "Easy to be Hard."{{Fact|date=October 2007}} "Good Morning Starshine" also appeared on ''[[Sesame Street]]'' episodes and albums, sung by cast member [[Bob McGrath]].{{Fact|date=October 2007}}  In addition,''[[Head of the Class]]'' featured a 2-part episode in 1990 where the head of the English department is determined to disrupt the school's performance of ''Hair''.<ref>[https://www.tv.com/head-of-the-class/from-hair-to-eternity--1/episode/31556/summary.html Head of the Class TV.com episode guide]</ref>

Songs from the show are sometimes used in advertising.  "Aquarius" was used in a [[Ford]] car advertising campaign in recent years.<ref>[http://www.visit4info.com/details.cfm?adid=23981 Ford commercial]</ref> "Let the Sun Shine In" was used in a 2007 television advertising campaign for Bic Soleil razors{{Fact|date=October 2007}} and was heard in an earlier [[Windex]] glass cleaner ad.{{Fact|date=October 2007}}

Songs from the show are sometimes used in advertising.  "Aquarius" was used in a [[Ford]] car advertising campaign in recent years.<ref>[https://www.visit4info.com/details.cfm?adid=23981 Ford commercial]</ref> "Let the Sun Shine In" was used in a 2007 television advertising campaign for Bic Soleil razors{{Fact|date=October 2007}} and was heard in an earlier [[Windex]] glass cleaner ad.{{Fact|date=October 2007}}

==Subsequent productions==

==Subsequent productions==

;'''1990s'''

;'''1990s'''

A small 1990 “bus and truck” production of ''Hair'' toured Europe for over 3 years.<ref name=WashTimes>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/WashTimes3-6-94.html ''Washington Times'' article dated 3/6/94]</ref>  A production opened in Australia in [[1992]] and a short-lived revival opened at the [[Old Vic]] in London in [[1993]] starring [[John Barrowman]] and Paul Hipp.  Other productions were mounted in Germany (1993), Iceland (1994), Hungary (1996), and Denmark (1997), among others.   

A small 1990 “bus and truck” production of ''Hair'' toured Europe for over 3 years.<ref name=WashTimes>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/WashTimes3-6-94.html ''Washington Times'' article dated 3/6/94]</ref>  A production opened in Australia in [[1992]] and a short-lived revival opened at the [[Old Vic]] in London in [[1993]] starring [[John Barrowman]] and Paul Hipp.  Other productions were mounted in Germany (1993), Iceland (1994), Hungary (1996), and Denmark (1997), among others.   

''Hair'' author James Rado directed a $1 million, 11 city national tour in 1994 that featured [[Luther Creek]] and Catrice Joseph.<ref name=WashTimes/>  In 1996, original ''Hair'' producer Michael Butler brought a month-long production to Chicago, running the show concurrently with the [[1996 Democratic National Convention]].  Butler employed the Pacific Musical Theater, a professional troupe in residence at [[California State University, Fullerton]].<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/CoplyNews8-96.html Copley News Service article dated August 1996]</ref>

''Hair'' author James Rado directed a $1 million, 11 city national tour in 1994 that featured [[Luther Creek]] and Catrice Joseph.<ref name=WashTimes/>  In 1996, original ''Hair'' producer Michael Butler brought a month-long production to Chicago, running the show concurrently with the [[1996 Democratic National Convention]].  Butler employed the Pacific Musical Theater, a professional troupe in residence at [[California State University, Fullerton]].<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/CoplyNews8-96.html Copley News Service article dated August 1996]</ref>

;'''2000s'''

;'''2000s'''

In 2001, the Reprise! theater company in Los Angeles put on ''Hair'' at the Wadsworth Theater, starring [[Steven Weber]] as Berger, [[Sam Harris (singer)|Sam Harris]] as Claude and Jennifer Leigh Warren as Sheila.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/DailyVariety6-19-01.html Variety Article on 2001 Reprise! Los Angeles production]</ref> That same year, Encores! Great American Musicals in Concert ended its 2001 City Center season with ''Hair'' starring [[Luther Creek]], [[Idina Menzel]], Jessica-Snow Wilson and [[Tom Plotkin]], and featuring ''Hair'' composer [[Galt MacDermot]] on stage playing the keyboards.<ref>[http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/AP5-4-01.html Associated Press April on 2001 Encores! concert]</ref>  An Actors' Fund benefit of the show was performed for one night at the [[New Amsterdam Theater]] in [[New York City]] in 2004. The tribe included: [[Shoshana Bean]], [[Raul Esparza]], [[JM J. Bullock]], [[Liz Callaway]], [[Gavin Creel]], [[Harvey Fierstein]], [[Ana Gasteyer]], [[Annie Golden]], [[Jennifer Hudson]], [[Jai Rodriguez]], [[RuPaul]], [[Michael McKean]], Laura Benanti, [[Adam Pascal]] and Harris Doran.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/88244.html 2004 Playbill article on Actors' Fund benefit]</ref>

In 2001, the Reprise! theater company in Los Angeles put on ''Hair'' at the Wadsworth Theater, starring [[Steven Weber]] as Berger, [[Sam Harris (singer)|Sam Harris]] as Claude and Jennifer Leigh Warren as Sheila.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/DailyVariety6-19-01.html Variety Article on 2001 Reprise! Los Angeles production]</ref> That same year, Encores! Great American Musicals in Concert ended its 2001 City Center season with ''Hair'' starring [[Luther Creek]], [[Idina Menzel]], Jessica-Snow Wilson and [[Tom Plotkin]], and featuring ''Hair'' composer [[Galt MacDermot]] on stage playing the keyboards.<ref>[https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/AP5-4-01.html Associated Press April on 2001 Encores! concert]</ref>  An Actors' Fund benefit of the show was performed for one night at the [[New Amsterdam Theater]] in [[New York City]] in 2004. The tribe included: [[Shoshana Bean]], [[Raul Esparza]], [[JM J. Bullock]], [[Liz Callaway]], [[Gavin Creel]], [[Harvey Fierstein]], [[Ana Gasteyer]], [[Annie Golden]], [[Jennifer Hudson]], [[Jai Rodriguez]], [[RuPaul]], [[Michael McKean]], Laura Benanti, [[Adam Pascal]] and Harris Doran.<ref>[https://www.playbill.com/news/article/88244.html 2004 Playbill article on Actors' Fund benefit]</ref>

International productions continued, including in Norway (2000) and in Vienna (2001), which featured new "hard" orchestrations and a modernized plot and setting. In 2005, a London production opened at the Gate Theatre.  James Rado approved an updating of the musical's script to place it in the context of the [[2003 Gulf War]] instead of the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/95262.html 2005 Playbill article on the Gate Theatre production]</ref> In March 2006, Rado collaborated with director Robert Prior for a [[CanStage]] production of ''Hair'' in Toronto,<ref>[http://www.hairthemusical.com/en00367journal.html James Rado's Journal regarding the 2006 Toronto production from Official ''Hair'' website]</ref> and a revival produced by [[Pieter Toerien]] toured South Africa in 2007. Directed by Paul Warwick Griffin, with choreography by Timothy Le Roux, the show ran at the Montecasino Theatre in Johannesburg and at Theatre on the Bay in Cape Town.<ref>''Hair'' Playbill, Johannesburg 2007</ref>

International productions continued, including in Norway (2000) and in Vienna (2001), which featured new "hard" orchestrations and a modernized plot and setting. In 2005, a London production opened at the Gate Theatre.  James Rado approved an updating of the musical's script to place it in the context of the [[2003 Gulf War]] instead of the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>[https://www.playbill.com/news/article/95262.html 2005 Playbill article on the Gate Theatre production]</ref> In March 2006, Rado collaborated with director Robert Prior for a [[CanStage]] production of ''Hair'' in Toronto,<ref>[https://www.hairthemusical.com/en00367journal.html James Rado's Journal regarding the 2006 Toronto production from Official ''Hair'' website]</ref> and a revival produced by [[Pieter Toerien]] toured South Africa in 2007. Directed by Paul Warwick Griffin, with choreography by Timothy Le Roux, the show ran at the Montecasino Theatre in Johannesburg and at Theatre on the Bay in Cape Town.<ref>''Hair'' Playbill, Johannesburg 2007</ref>

For three nights in September 2007, [[Joe's Pub]] and the [[Public Theater]] presented the 40th Anniversary Production of ''Hair'' at the [[Delacorte Theater]] in [[Central Park]], New York City. This concert version, directed by Diane Paulus, featured [[Jonathan Groff]] of [[Spring Awakening]] as Claude and Galt MacDermot on stage on the keyboards.  The cast also included Karen Olivo, Will Swenson, Darius Nichols, Patina Renea Miller and Megan Lawrence.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/111236.html Playbill.com article dated 22 Sep 2007 previewing the NY Delacorte concerts]</ref>  Actors from the original Broadway production joined the cast on stage during the encore of "Let the Sun Shine In."   

For three nights in September 2007, [[Joe's Pub]] and the [[Public Theater]] presented the 40th Anniversary Production of ''Hair'' at the [[Delacorte Theater]] in [[Central Park]], New York City. This concert version, directed by Diane Paulus, featured [[Jonathan Groff]] of [[Spring Awakening]] as Claude and Galt MacDermot on stage on the keyboards.  The cast also included Karen Olivo, Will Swenson, Darius Nichols, Patina Renea Miller and Megan Lawrence.<ref>[https://www.playbill.com/news/article/111236.html Playbill.com article dated 22 Sep 2007 previewing the NY Delacorte concerts]</ref>  Actors from the original Broadway production joined the cast on stage during the encore of "Let the Sun Shine In."   

Michael Butler produced ''Hair'' at the MET Theater in Los Angeles from September 14th through [[December 30]], [[2007]].  The show was directed and choreographed by Bo Crowell, with musical direction from Christian Nesmith (son of [[Michael Nesmith]]). The tribe featured James Barry, Lee Ferris, Johanna Unger, Dawn Worrall and Trance Thompson. [http://www.plays411.com/newsite/show/play_info.asp?show_id=1104 ''Hair'' at the MET Theater website] and [http://www.calendarlive.com/stage/cl-et-hair25oct25,0,1541483.story LA Times review]

Michael Butler produced ''Hair'' at the MET Theater in Los Angeles from September 14th through [[December 30]], [[2007]].  The show was directed and choreographed by Bo Crowell, with musical direction from Christian Nesmith (son of [[Michael Nesmith]]). The tribe featured James Barry, Lee Ferris, Johanna Unger, Dawn Worrall and Trance Thompson. [https://www.plays411.com/newsite/show/play_info.asp?show_id=1104 ''Hair'' at the MET Theater website] and [https://www.calendarlive.com/stage/cl-et-hair25oct25,0,1541483.story LA Times review]

;'''Community theatre, university and high school productions'''

;'''Community theatre, university and high school productions'''

Amateur and school productions of ''Hair'' are popular worldwide. [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/CurrentProductions.html Current Cummunity Theatre, University and High School Productions of ''Hair'']  In 2002, [[Peter Jennings]] featured a [[Boulder, CO]] high school production of ''Hair'' for his ABC documentary series "In Search of America". [http://www.thedocumentarygroup.com/projects.php Documentary Group 2002 Projects] A September 2006 community theater production at the 2,000-seat Count Basie Theater in [[Red Bank, New Jersey]] was praised by original producer Michael Butler, who said it was "one of the best ''Hairs'' I have seen in a long time."[http://www.myspace.com/hairacademy ''Hair'' Red Bank website]  Another example of a recent large-scale amateur production is the Mountain Play production at the 4,000-seat Cushing Memorial Amphitheatre in [[Mount Tamalpais]] State Park in [[Mill Valley, California]] in the spring of 2007 [http://www.examiner.com/a-743394~_Hair__still_lets_the_sunshine_in.html] Information about the 2007 Mountain Play production, from San Francisco Examiner]</ref>  

Amateur and school productions of ''Hair'' are popular worldwide. [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/CurrentProductions.html Current Cummunity Theatre, University and High School Productions of ''Hair'']  In 2002, [[Peter Jennings]] featured a [[Boulder, CO]] high school production of ''Hair'' for his ABC documentary series "In Search of America". [https://www.thedocumentarygroup.com/projects.php Documentary Group 2002 Projects] A September 2006 community theater production at the 2,000-seat Count Basie Theater in [[Red Bank, New Jersey]] was praised by original producer Michael Butler, who said it was "one of the best ''Hairs'' I have seen in a long time."[https://www.myspace.com/hairacademy ''Hair'' Red Bank website]  Another example of a recent large-scale amateur production is the Mountain Play production at the 4,000-seat Cushing Memorial Amphitheatre in [[Mount Tamalpais]] State Park in [[Mill Valley, California]] in the spring of 2007 [https://www.examiner.com/a-743394~_Hair__still_lets_the_sunshine_in.html] Information about the 2007 Mountain Play production, from San Francisco Examiner]</ref>  

;'''International success'''

;'''International success'''

''Hair'' has been performed in most of the countries of the world. After the [[Berlin Wall]] fell, the show travelled for the first time to Poland, Lebanon, the Czech Republic, and Sarajevo (featured on ABC's [[Nightline]] with [[Ted Koppel]], when [[Phil Alden Robinson]] visited that city and discovered a production of ''Hair'' there in the midst of the war).  According to Rado, the only places where the show hasn't been performed are "China, India, Vietnam, the Arctic and Antarctic continents as well as most African countries."<ref>[http://www.hairthemusical.com/en00121content.html Information about international productions, from Official Hair the musical website]</ref>

''Hair'' has been performed in most of the countries of the world. After the [[Berlin Wall]] fell, the show travelled for the first time to Poland, Lebanon, the Czech Republic, and Sarajevo (featured on ABC's [[Nightline]] with [[Ted Koppel]], when [[Phil Alden Robinson]] visited that city and discovered a production of ''Hair'' there in the midst of the war).  According to Rado, the only places where the show hasn't been performed are "China, India, Vietnam, the Arctic and Antarctic continents as well as most African countries."<ref>[https://www.hairthemusical.com/en00121content.html Information about international productions, from Official Hair the musical website]</ref>

==Albums==

==Albums==

==References==

==References==

*[[Clive Barnes|Barnes, Clive]].  "Theatre: 'Hair'—It's Fresh and Frank" in ''The [[New York Times]],'' [[April 30]] [[1968]]. (available [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-30-68.html online here]).

*[[Clive Barnes|Barnes, Clive]].  "Theatre: 'Hair'—It's Fresh and Frank" in ''The [[New York Times]],'' [[April 30]] [[1968]]. (available [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/holding/articles/HairArticles/NYT4-30-68.html online here]).

*Horn, Barbara Lee. ''The Age of Hair: Evolution and the Impact of Broadway's First Rock Musical'' (New York, 1991) ISBN 0313275645

*Horn, Barbara Lee. ''The Age of Hair: Evolution and the Impact of Broadway's First Rock Musical'' (New York, 1991) ISBN 0313275645

*Miller, Scott.  ''Let the Sun Shine In: The Genius of Hair'' (Heineman, 2003) ISBN 0325005567

*Miller, Scott.  ''Let the Sun Shine In: The Genius of Hair'' (Heineman, 2003) ISBN 0325005567

==External links==

==External links==

* {{ibdb title|id=3393|title=Hair}}

* {{ibdb title|id=3393|title=Hair}}

* [http://www.hairthemusical.com/ The official HAIR the musical website by James Rado], one of the co-authors

* [https://www.hairthemusical.com/ The official HAIR the musical website by James Rado], one of the co-authors

* [http://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/ Website on HAIR from Michael Butler], the musical's original producer

* [https://www.michaelbutler.com/hair/ Website on HAIR from Michael Butler], the musical's original producer

* [http://www.michaelbutler.com/blog/hair/ Official HAIR blog from Michael Butler], the musical's original producer  

* [https://www.michaelbutler.com/blog/hair/ Official HAIR blog from Michael Butler], the musical's original producer  

[[Category: Music]]

[[Category: Music]]

[[Category: Opera]]

[[Category: Opera]]