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==Etymology==
 
==Etymology==
 
[[Latin]] hybrida - offspring of a tame sow and wild boar; hence, of [[human]] [[parents]] of [[different]] [[races]], half-breed.
 
[[Latin]] hybrida - offspring of a tame sow and wild boar; hence, of [[human]] [[parents]] of [[different]] [[races]], half-breed.
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1601]
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*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1601]
 
==Definitions==
 
==Definitions==
 
*1 : an offspring of two [[animals]] or plants of [[different]] [[races]], breeds, varieties, [[species]], or genera
 
*1 : an offspring of two [[animals]] or plants of [[different]] [[races]], breeds, varieties, [[species]], or genera
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In [[biology]] and specifically [[genetics]], '''hybrid''' has several [[meanings]], all referring to the offspring of [[sexual]] [[reproduction]].
 
In [[biology]] and specifically [[genetics]], '''hybrid''' has several [[meanings]], all referring to the offspring of [[sexual]] [[reproduction]].
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*1. In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Heterozygote heterozygous]: any [[offspring]] resulting from the [[mating]] of two distinctly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Homozygous homozygous] [[individuals]]
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*1. In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Heterozygote heterozygous]: any [[offspring]] resulting from the [[mating]] of two distinctly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Homozygous homozygous] [[individuals]]
*2. ''a [[genetic]] hybrid'' carries two different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele alleles] of the same gene
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*2. ''a [[genetic]] hybrid'' carries two different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele alleles] of the same gene
 
*3. ''a [[structural]] hybrid'' results from the fusion of gametes that have differing [[structure]] in at least one [[chromosome]], as a result of structural abnormalities
 
*3. ''a [[structural]] hybrid'' results from the fusion of gametes that have differing [[structure]] in at least one [[chromosome]], as a result of structural abnormalities
*4. ''a numerical hybrid'' results from the [[fusion]] of gametes having different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy haploid numbers of chromosomes]
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*4. ''a numerical hybrid'' results from the [[fusion]] of gametes having different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy haploid numbers of chromosomes]
*5. ''a permanent hybrid'' is a situation where only the heterozygous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype genotype] occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.
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*5. ''a permanent hybrid'' is a situation where only the heterozygous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype genotype] occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.
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From a [[taxonomic]] [[perspective]], hybrid refers to [[offspring]] resulting from the interbreeding between two [[animals]] or plants of different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon taxa].
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From a [[taxonomic]] [[perspective]], hybrid refers to [[offspring]] resulting from the interbreeding between two [[animals]] or plants of different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon taxa].
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*1. Hybrids between [[different]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies subspecies] within a species (such as between the Bengal tiger and Siberian tiger) are known as ''intra-specific hybrids''. Hybrids between different species within the same genus (such as between lions and tigers) are sometimes known as ''interspecific hybrids'' or crosses. Hybrids between different genera (such as between sheep and goats) are known as ''intergeneric hybrids''. Extremely rare ''interfamilial hybrids'' have been known to occur (such as the guineafowl hybrids).  No interordinal (between different orders) animal hybrids are known.
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*1. Hybrids between [[different]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies subspecies] within a species (such as between the Bengal tiger and Siberian tiger) are known as ''intra-specific hybrids''. Hybrids between different species within the same genus (such as between lions and tigers) are sometimes known as ''interspecific hybrids'' or crosses. Hybrids between different genera (such as between sheep and goats) are known as ''intergeneric hybrids''. Extremely rare ''interfamilial hybrids'' have been known to occur (such as the guineafowl hybrids).  No interordinal (between different orders) animal hybrids are known.
*2. The second type of hybrid consists of crosses between [[populations]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breed breeds] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivar cultivars] within a single [[species]]. This [[meaning]] is often used in plant and [[animal]] breeding, where hybrids are commonly produced and selected because they have desirable [[characteristics]] not found or inconsistently present in the [[parent]] [[individuals]] or [[populations]]. This [[flow]] of genetic material between [[populations]] or [[races]] is often called '''hybridization'''.
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*2. The second type of hybrid consists of crosses between [[populations]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breed breeds] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivar cultivars] within a single [[species]]. This [[meaning]] is often used in plant and [[animal]] breeding, where hybrids are commonly produced and selected because they have desirable [[characteristics]] not found or inconsistently present in the [[parent]] [[individuals]] or [[populations]]. This [[flow]] of genetic material between [[populations]] or [[races]] is often called '''hybridization'''.
    
[[Category: Biology]]
 
[[Category: Biology]]

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