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==Biography==
==Biography==
Josiah Royce was born in Grass Valley, California, on 10 November 1855. His parents, Josiah and Sarah Royce, were head of their local primary school, which Royce attended. He took his first degree, a B.A. in [[The Classics|Classics]], at the University of California in 1875. He then went to Germany to study [[philosophy]] for one year before returning to the United States to take a Ph. D. at the John Hopkins University in Baltimore, completing in 1878.
Josiah Royce was born in Grass Valley, California, on 10 November 1855. His parents, Josiah and Sarah Royce, were head of their local primary school, which Royce attended. He took his first degree, a B.A. in [[Classics]], at the University of California in 1875. He then went to Germany to study [[philosophy]] for one year before returning to the United States to take a Ph. D. at the John Hopkins University in Baltimore, completing in 1878.
Royce’s career was not restricted to philosophy. His first appointment was as an instructor in English at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1878. He resigned from California in 1882, having accepted a one-year position at Harvard, replacing [[William James]], who was on a sabbatical. He remained there, attaining a permanent position as assistant professor of philosophy in 1885. In 1892 he became Harvard’s Professor of the History of Philosophy, and acted as chair of the philosophy department there from 1894 to 1898. He continued at Harvard for the rest of his life, publishing a great deal. Although his chief work was in philosophy, he also published a history of California in 1886, and a western novel, The Feud of Oakfield Creek in 1887.
Royce’s career was not restricted to philosophy. His first appointment was as an instructor in English at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1878. He resigned from California in 1882, having accepted a one-year position at Harvard, replacing [[William James]], who was on a sabbatical. He remained there, attaining a permanent position as assistant professor of philosophy in 1885. In 1892 he became Harvard’s Professor of the History of Philosophy, and acted as chair of the philosophy department there from 1894 to 1898. He continued at Harvard for the rest of his life, publishing a great deal. Although his chief work was in philosophy, he also published a history of California in 1886, and a western novel, The Feud of Oakfield Creek in 1887.
Royce died on 14 September 1916. He was survived by his wife, Kathrine, whom he had married in 1880, and, to much regret, only two of their three children: Edward and Stephen. Their firstborn, Christopher, had died from typhoid fever in a state mental hospital in 1910.
Royce died on 14 September 1916. He was survived by his wife, Kathrine, whom he had married in 1880, and, to much regret, only two of their three children: Edward and Stephen. Their firstborn, Christopher, had died from typhoid fever in a state mental hospital in 1910.
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Royce’s works include The Religious Aspect of Philosophy (1885), The Spirit of Modern Philosophy (1892), The Conception of God (1897), The World and the Individual (2 vols., 1899–1900), The Philosophy of Loyalty (1908), Race Questions, Provincialism, and Other American Problems (1908), The Sources of Religious Insight (1912), The Problem of Christianity (1913), War and Insurance (1914) and The Hope of the Great Community (1916). A biography of Royce is B. Kuklick’s Josiah Royce: An Intellectual Biography (1985). For critical discussion of Royce’s works see R. Auxier, ed., Critical Responses to Josiah Royce, 1885–1916, (2000), and F. M. Oppenheim, Royce’s Voyage Down Under: A Journey of the Mind (1980).
Royce’s works include The Religious Aspect of Philosophy (1885), The Spirit of Modern Philosophy (1892), The Conception of God (1897), The World and the Individual (2 vols., 1899–1900), The Philosophy of Loyalty (1908), Race Questions, Provincialism, and Other American Problems (1908), The Sources of Religious Insight (1912), The Problem of Christianity (1913), War and Insurance (1914) and The Hope of the Great Community (1916). A biography of Royce is B. Kuklick’s Josiah Royce: An Intellectual Biography (1985). For critical discussion of Royce’s works see R. Auxier, ed., Critical Responses to Josiah Royce, 1885–1916, (2000), and F. M. Oppenheim, Royce’s Voyage Down Under: A Journey of the Mind (1980).