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Brain Lateralization of the human brain. It is divided into two hemispheres. The '''left brain''' [[controls]] [[functions]] that have to do with [[logic]] and [[reason]], while the '''right brain''' controls functions involving [[creativity]] and [[emotion]].

Brain Lateralization of the human brain. It is divided into two hemispheres. The '''left brain''' [[controls]] [[functions]] that have to do with [[logic]] and [[reason]], while the '''right brain''' controls functions involving [[creativity]] and [[emotion]].

The longitudinal fissure separates the [[human]] [[brain]] into two distinct [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere cerebral hemispheres], connected by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum corpus callosum]. The hemispheres exhibit strong, but not complete, bilateral [[symmetry]] in both [[structure]] and function. For example, structurally, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_sulcus lateral sulcus] generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere, and functionally, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area Broca's area] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area Wernicke's area] are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95% of the population.

The longitudinal fissure separates the [[human]] [[brain]] into two distinct [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere cerebral hemispheres], connected by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum corpus callosum]. The hemispheres exhibit strong, but not complete, bilateral [[symmetry]] in both [[structure]] and function. For example, structurally, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_sulcus lateral sulcus] generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere, and functionally, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area Broca's area] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area Wernicke's area] are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95% of the population.

Broad generalizations are often made in popular [[psychology]] about one side or the other having characteristic labels, such as "logical" for the left side or "creative" for the right. These labels need to be treated carefully; although a lateral [[dominance]] is measurable, both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of [[processes]], and experimental [[evidence]] provides little support for correlating the structural [[differences]] between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.

Broad generalizations are often made in popular [[psychology]] about one side or the other having characteristic labels, such as "logical" for the left side or "creative" for the right. These labels need to be treated carefully; although a lateral [[dominance]] is measurable, both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of [[processes]], and experimental [[evidence]] provides little support for correlating the structural [[differences]] between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of the '''''[[Brain]]''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Brain '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of the '''''[[Brain]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Brain '''''this link'''''].</center>

The extent of any modularity, or specialization of brain function by area, remains under [[investigation]]. If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is either [[injured]] or destroyed, its [[functions]] can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When [[injury]] [[interferes]] with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) [[connections]] may develop to [[communicate]] [[information]] with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies.

The extent of any modularity, or specialization of brain function by area, remains under [[investigation]]. If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is either [[injured]] or destroyed, its [[functions]] can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When [[injury]] [[interferes]] with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) [[connections]] may develop to [[communicate]] [[information]] with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies.

Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right- or left-handedness[4] and of right or left ear preference,[5] but a person's preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95% of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-handedness right-handed] people have left-hemisphere dominance for language, 18.8% of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-handedness left-handed] people have right-hemisphere dominance for [[language]] function. Additionally, 19.8% of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions (e.g., [[semantics]], [[syntax]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_%28linguistics%29 prosody]), degree (and even hemisphere) of dominance may differ.

Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right- or left-handedness[4] and of right or left ear preference,[5] but a person's preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95% of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-handedness right-handed] people have left-hemisphere dominance for language, 18.8% of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-handedness left-handed] people have right-hemisphere dominance for [[language]] function. Additionally, 19.8% of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions (e.g., [[semantics]], [[syntax]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_%28linguistics%29 prosody]), degree (and even hemisphere) of dominance may differ.

Additionally, although some [[functions]] are lateralized, these are only a tendency. The trend across many [[individuals]] may also vary significantly as to how any specific function is implemented. The areas of [[exploration]] of this causal or effectual [[difference]] of a particular brain function include its gross [[anatomy]], dendritic structure, and neurotransmitter distribution. The structural and [[chemical]] variance of a particular brain function, between the two hemispheres of one brain or between the same hemisphere of two different brains, is still being [[studied]]. Short of having undergone a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherectomy hemispherectomy] (removal of a cerebral hemisphere), no one is a "left-brain only" or "right-brain only" person.

Additionally, although some [[functions]] are lateralized, these are only a tendency. The trend across many [[individuals]] may also vary significantly as to how any specific function is implemented. The areas of [[exploration]] of this causal or effectual [[difference]] of a particular brain function include its gross [[anatomy]], dendritic structure, and neurotransmitter distribution. The structural and [[chemical]] variance of a particular brain function, between the two hemispheres of one brain or between the same hemisphere of two different brains, is still being [[studied]]. Short of having undergone a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherectomy hemispherectomy] (removal of a cerebral hemisphere), no one is a "left-brain only" or "right-brain only" person.

Sex and [[gender]] [[differences]] are apparent in almost every aspect of neural [[anatomy]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_human_physiology physiological psychology]. This is definitely true with regards to lateralization differences between [[men]] and [[women]]. It is generally accepted that male brains are typically much more lateralized than female brains.

Sex and [[gender]] [[differences]] are apparent in almost every aspect of neural [[anatomy]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_human_physiology physiological psychology]. This is definitely true with regards to lateralization differences between [[men]] and [[women]]. It is generally accepted that male brains are typically much more lateralized than female brains.

The major [[advantage]] to a greater lateralized brain is the [[ability]] for an individual to [[focus]] specific areas of the brain on distinct tasks. However, less lateralized brains, like the [[majority]] of women's, are better suited to "spread the work" and therefore [[engage]] many parts of the brain at once. Also, when multiple areas of the brain are engaged for similar tasks, the likelihood of recovering from traumatic brain [[injury]] is much higher.

The major [[advantage]] to a greater lateralized brain is the [[ability]] for an individual to [[focus]] specific areas of the brain on distinct tasks. However, less lateralized brains, like the [[majority]] of women's, are better suited to "spread the work" and therefore [[engage]] many parts of the brain at once. Also, when multiple areas of the brain are engaged for similar tasks, the likelihood of recovering from traumatic brain [[injury]] is much higher.

==See also==

==See also==

*'''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism_%28psychology%29 Bicameralism]'''''

*'''''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism_%28psychology%29 Bicameralism]'''''

==Quote==

==Quote==

''Brain-type series''. The one [[physical]] [[uniformity]] of [[mortals]] is the [[brain]] and [[nervous system]]; nevertheless, there are [[three]] basic [[organizations]] of the [[brain]] [[mechanism]]: the one-, the two-, and the three-brained types. [[Urantia]]ns are of the two-brained type, somewhat more [[imaginative]], [[adventurous]], and [[philosophical]] than the one-brained mortals but somewhat less [[spiritual]], [[ethical]], and [[worshipful]] than the three-brained orders. These [[brain]] [[differences]] characterize even the prehuman [[animal]] [[existences]].

''Brain-type series''. The one [[physical]] [[uniformity]] of [[mortals]] is the [[brain]] and [[nervous system]]; nevertheless, there are [[three]] basic [[organizations]] of the [[brain]] [[mechanism]]: the one-, the two-, and the three-brained types. [[Urantia]]ns are of the two-brained type, somewhat more [[imaginative]], [[adventurous]], and [[philosophical]] than the one-brained mortals but somewhat less [[spiritual]], [[ethical]], and [[worshipful]] than the three-brained orders. These [[brain]] [[differences]] characterize even the prehuman [[animal]] [[existences]].

From the two-hemisphere [[type]] of the [[Urantia]]n [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex cerebral cortex] you can, by [[analogy]], grasp something of the one-brained type. The third brain of the three-brained orders is best [[conceived]] as an evolvement of your lower or rudimentary [[form]] of [[brain]], which is developed to the point where it [[functions]] chiefly in control of [[physical]] [[activities]], leaving the two superior brains free for higher engagements: one for [[intellectual]] [[functions]] and the other for the [[spiritual]]-[[counterpart]]ing [[activities]] of the [[Thought Adjuster]]. ([[49:5|49:5.6, 7]])

From the two-hemisphere [[type]] of the [[Urantia]]n [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex cerebral cortex] you can, by [[analogy]], grasp something of the one-brained type. The third brain of the three-brained orders is best [[conceived]] as an evolvement of your lower or rudimentary [[form]] of [[brain]], which is developed to the point where it [[functions]] chiefly in control of [[physical]] [[activities]], leaving the two superior brains free for higher engagements: one for [[intellectual]] [[functions]] and the other for the [[spiritual]]-[[counterpart]]ing [[activities]] of the [[Thought Adjuster]]. ([[49:5|49:5.6, 7]])

[[Category: Physiology]]

[[Category: Physiology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]