Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

Plural of obsolete ''mathematic''‘mathematics,’ from Old French ''mathematique'', from [[Latin]] ''(ars) mathematica'' ‘mathematical (art),’ from [[Greek]] ''mathēmatikē'' (''tekhnē''), from the base of ''manthanein'' ‘[[learn]].’

Plural of obsolete ''mathematic''‘mathematics,’ from Old French ''mathematique'', from [[Latin]] ''(ars) mathematica'' ‘mathematical (art),’ from [[Greek]] ''mathēmatikē'' (''tekhnē''), from the base of ''manthanein'' ‘[[learn]].’

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century late 16th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century late 16th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1:the [[abstract]] [[science]] of [[number]], [[quantity]], and [[space]]. Mathematics may be studied in its own right (pure mathematics), or as it is applied to other [[disciplines]] such as [[physics]] and engineering (applied mathematics).

*1:the [[abstract]] [[science]] of [[number]], [[quantity]], and [[space]]. Mathematics may be studied in its own right (pure mathematics), or as it is applied to other [[disciplines]] such as [[physics]] and engineering (applied mathematics).

Mathematicians seek out [[patterns]] and use them to formulate new [[conjectures]]. Mathematicians resolve the [[truth]] or [[falsity]] of conjectures by mathematical [[proof]]. When mathematical structures are good models of real [[phenomena]], then mathematical reasoning can provide [[insight]] or [[predictions]] about [[nature]]. Through the use of [[abstraction]] and [[logic]], mathematics developed from counting, [[calculation]], measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and [[motions]] of physical objects. Practical mathematics has been a human activity for as far back as written [[records]] exist. The research required to solve mathematical problems can take years or even centuries of sustained [[inquiry]].

Mathematicians seek out [[patterns]] and use them to formulate new [[conjectures]]. Mathematicians resolve the [[truth]] or [[falsity]] of conjectures by mathematical [[proof]]. When mathematical structures are good models of real [[phenomena]], then mathematical reasoning can provide [[insight]] or [[predictions]] about [[nature]]. Through the use of [[abstraction]] and [[logic]], mathematics developed from counting, [[calculation]], measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and [[motions]] of physical objects. Practical mathematics has been a human activity for as far back as written [[records]] exist. The research required to solve mathematical problems can take years or even centuries of sustained [[inquiry]].

Rigorous [[arguments]] first appeared in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mathematics Greek mathematics], most notably in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid Euclid]'s ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements Elements]''. Since the pioneering work of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano Giuseppe Peano] (1858–1932), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert David Hilbert] (1862–1943), and others on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_mathematics axiomatic systems in the late 19th century], it has become customary to view mathematical [[research]] as establishing truth by rigorous [[deduction]] from appropriately chosen [[axioms]] and definitions. Mathematics developed at a relatively slow [[pace]] until the [[Renaissance]], when mathematical innovations interacting with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the [[rate]] of mathematical discovery that has continued to the present day.

Rigorous [[arguments]] first appeared in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mathematics Greek mathematics], most notably in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid Euclid]'s ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements Elements]''. Since the pioneering work of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano Giuseppe Peano] (1858–1932), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert David Hilbert] (1862–1943), and others on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_mathematics axiomatic systems in the late 19th century], it has become customary to view mathematical [[research]] as establishing truth by rigorous [[deduction]] from appropriately chosen [[axioms]] and definitions. Mathematics developed at a relatively slow [[pace]] until the [[Renaissance]], when mathematical innovations interacting with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the [[rate]] of mathematical discovery that has continued to the present day.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei Galileo Galilei] (1564–1642) said, "The universe cannot be [[read]] until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in [[mathematical]] [[language]], and the letters are [[triangles]], [[circles]] and other [[geometrical]] figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to [[comprehend]] a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a dark [[labyrinth]]."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss  Carl Friedrich Gauss] (1777–1855) referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the Sciences". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Peirce Benjamin Peirce] (1809–1880) called mathematics "the [[science]] that draws necessary [[conclusions]]". David Hilbert said of mathematics: "We are not speaking here of arbitrariness in any sense. Mathematics is not like a [[game]] whose tasks are determined by arbitrarily stipulated rules. Rather, it is a conceptual [[system]] possessing internal [[necessity]] that can only be so and by no means otherwise." Albert [[Einstein]] (1879–1955) stated that "as far as the [[laws]] of mathematics refer to [[reality]], they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." French mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Voisin Claire Voisin] states "There is [[creative]] drive in mathematics, it's all about movement trying to [[express]] itself."  

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei Galileo Galilei] (1564–1642) said, "The universe cannot be [[read]] until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in [[mathematical]] [[language]], and the letters are [[triangles]], [[circles]] and other [[geometrical]] figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to [[comprehend]] a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a dark [[labyrinth]]."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss  Carl Friedrich Gauss] (1777–1855) referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the Sciences". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Peirce Benjamin Peirce] (1809–1880) called mathematics "the [[science]] that draws necessary [[conclusions]]". David Hilbert said of mathematics: "We are not speaking here of arbitrariness in any sense. Mathematics is not like a [[game]] whose tasks are determined by arbitrarily stipulated rules. Rather, it is a conceptual [[system]] possessing internal [[necessity]] that can only be so and by no means otherwise." Albert [[Einstein]] (1879–1955) stated that "as far as the [[laws]] of mathematics refer to [[reality]], they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." French mathematician [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Voisin Claire Voisin] states "There is [[creative]] drive in mathematics, it's all about movement trying to [[express]] itself."  

Mathematics is used throughout the world as an essential [[tool]] in many fields, including [[natural science]], engineering, [[medicine]], [[finance]] and the [[social sciences]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_mathematics Applied mathematics], the branch of mathematics concerned with application of mathematical [[knowledge]] to other fields, inspires and makes use of new mathematical [[discoveries]], which has led to the development of entirely new mathematical [[disciplines]], such as [[statistics]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory]. Mathematicians also engage in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathematics pure mathematics], or mathematics for its own sake, without having any [[application]] in [[mind]]. There is no clear line separating pure and applied mathematics, and practical applications for what began as pure mathematics are often discovered.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics]

Mathematics is used throughout the world as an essential [[tool]] in many fields, including [[natural science]], engineering, [[medicine]], [[finance]] and the [[social sciences]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_mathematics Applied mathematics], the branch of mathematics concerned with application of mathematical [[knowledge]] to other fields, inspires and makes use of new mathematical [[discoveries]], which has led to the development of entirely new mathematical [[disciplines]], such as [[statistics]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory]. Mathematicians also engage in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathematics pure mathematics], or mathematics for its own sake, without having any [[application]] in [[mind]]. There is no clear line separating pure and applied mathematics, and practical applications for what began as pure mathematics are often discovered.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics]

[[Category: Mathematics]]

[[Category: Mathematics]]