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For technical applications such as laser mirrors, the reflective coating is typically applied by [[vacuum]] deposition on the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates double reflections (a weak reflection from the surface of the glass, and a stronger one from the reflecting metal) and reduces absorption of light by the mirror. Technical mirrors may use a silver, aluminium, or gold coating (the latter typically for [[infrared]] mirrors), and achieve reflectivities of 90–95% when new. A protective transparent overcoat may be applied to prevent oxidation of the reflective layer. Applications requiring higher reflectivity or greater durability where wide bandwidth is not essential use dielectric coatings, which can achieve reflectivities as high as 99.999% over a narrow range of wavelengths.
For technical applications such as laser mirrors, the reflective coating is typically applied by [[vacuum]] deposition on the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates double reflections (a weak reflection from the surface of the glass, and a stronger one from the reflecting metal) and reduces absorption of light by the mirror. Technical mirrors may use a silver, aluminium, or gold coating (the latter typically for [[infrared]] mirrors), and achieve reflectivities of 90–95% when new. A protective transparent overcoat may be applied to prevent oxidation of the reflective layer. Applications requiring higher reflectivity or greater durability where wide bandwidth is not essential use dielectric coatings, which can achieve reflectivities as high as 99.999% over a narrow range of wavelengths.
==References==
# Mirrors in Egypt, Digital Egypt for Universities
# Revolution By Lucio Russo, Silvio Levy Page 331]]
# R. S. Elliott (1966). Electromagnetics, Chapter 1. McGraw-Hill.
# Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine, Al Shindagah, November-December 2004.
# Dr. Kasem Ajram (1992). The Miracle of Islam Science (2nd Edition ed.). Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0-911119-43-4.
# The Tin-Mercury Mirror: Its Manufacturing Technique and Deterioration Processes, Per Hadsund, Studies in Conservation, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Feb., 1993)
# Liebig, Justus (1856). "Ueber Versilberung und Vergoldung von Glas". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 98 (1): 132–139. doi:10.1002/jlac.18560980112.
# Episode 305 of How It's Made, filmed at La Verrerie Walker Ltée in Ajou, Quebec, Canada
# Mungan, C.E. (1999). "Faraday Isolators and Kirchhoff’s Law: A Puzzle" (pdf). Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
# Rayleigh, On the magnetic rotation of light and the second law of thermodynamics, Nature (London), Vol. 64, p. 577 (Oct. 10, 1901).
# BBC NEWS | Europe | Italy village gets 'sun mirror'
# Swiss Officials Want to Spread Sunshine, Swiss Officials May Build Giant Mirror to Give Light to Sunless Village - CBS News
# www.mirrorsmyth.com
# www.answers.com/topic/mirrors-4
# "Elephants see themselves in the mirror". Peter Aldhous. New Scientist. 30 October 2006. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
# M. A. Kallistratova (1997). "Physical grounds for acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer". Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 69: 3–34. doi:10.1007/BFb0009558.
# K. Ueda; N. Uehara (1993). "Laser-diode-pumped solid state lasers for gravitational wave antenna". Proceedings of SPIE 1837: 336–345. doi:10.1117/12.143686.
# D.Kouznetsov; H. Oberst, K. Shimizu, A. Neumann, Y. Kuznetsova, J.-F. Bisson, K. Ueda, S. R. J. Brueck (2006). "Ridged atomic mirrors and atomic nanoscope". Journal of Physics B 39: 1605–1623. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/39/7/005.
# V.V.Protopopov; V.A.Shishkov, and V.A.Kalnov (2000). "X-ray parabolic collimator with depth-graded multilayer mirror". Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (12): 4380–4386. doi:10.1063/1.1327305.
==Bibliography==
*Mirror, Mirror: A History of the Human Love Affair with Reflection, Mark Pendergrast. Basic Books (2003). ISBN 0-465-05471-4
*On reflection, Jonathan Miller, National Gallery Publications Limited (1998). ISBN 0-300-07713-0 .
*The Mirror: A History, Sabine Melchior-Bonnet, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0415924480
==External links==
* [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=P-c1g6QIPHIC&dq=mirror+history&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=LfmtU-zNjJ&sig=ZqkBUsx18w_zoq_lH5-7Pl1zTIk#PPP1,M1 The Mirror: A History by Sabine Melchior-Bonnet at Google Books]
* [http://yvesdore.com/mirror.html The Narcissus Syndrome Revisited by Yves Doré]
* [http://www.glasswebsite.com/video/mirror.asp How Mirrors Are Made (video)], Glass Association of North America]
*[http://knol.google.com/k/not-just-mirrors/when-a-mirror-is-not-just-for-looking-in/3d6s19yzcqi5p/2?locale=en&path_author=not-just-mirrors&path_title=when-a-mirror-is-not-just-for-looking-in#view Knol/Google Mirror page]
* [http://www.williamsantiquemirrors.co.uk/Reproduction-Mirrors.htm How Antique Mirrors can be reproduced]
[[Category: General Reference]]
[[Category: General Reference]]
[[Category: Chemistry]]
[[Category: Chemistry]]