Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

French naïve, feminine of naïf, from Old French, inborn, natural, from Latin nativus native

French naïve, feminine of naïf, from Old French, inborn, natural, from Latin nativus native

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1654]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1654]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 : marked by unaffected [[simplicity]] : artless, ingenuous

*1 : marked by unaffected [[simplicity]] : artless, ingenuous

Island tameness is the tendency of many [[populations]] and [[species]] of [[animals]] living on [[isolated]] islands  to lose their wariness of [[potential]] predators, particularly of large [[animals]]. The term is partly synonymous with ''ecological naïvete'', which also has a wider [[meaning]] referring to the loss of [[defensive]] [[behaviors]] and adaptations  needed to deal with these "new" predators. [[Species]] retain such wariness of predators that exist in their [[environment]], for example a Hawaiian Goose retains its wariness of hawks, but lose such [[behaviors]] associated with mammals or other predators not found in their historical range.

Island tameness is the tendency of many [[populations]] and [[species]] of [[animals]] living on [[isolated]] islands  to lose their wariness of [[potential]] predators, particularly of large [[animals]]. The term is partly synonymous with ''ecological naïvete'', which also has a wider [[meaning]] referring to the loss of [[defensive]] [[behaviors]] and adaptations  needed to deal with these "new" predators. [[Species]] retain such wariness of predators that exist in their [[environment]], for example a Hawaiian Goose retains its wariness of hawks, but lose such [[behaviors]] associated with mammals or other predators not found in their historical range.

Island tameness can be highly maladaptive in situations where [[humans]] have introduced predators, [[intentionally]] or [[accidentally]], such as pigs, dogs, rats or cats, to islands where [[ecologically]] naïve fauna lives. It has also made many island species, such as the long-extinct [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo Dodo] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-tailed_Albatross Short-tailed Albatross], vulnerable to human hunting. In many instances the native species are unable to learn to avoid new predators, or [[change]] their [[behavior]] to minimize their risk. This tameness is [[eventually]] lost or reduced in some species but many island [[populations]] are too small or breed too slowly for the affected species to adapt quickly enough. When combined with other threats, such as habitat loss, this has led to the [[extinction]] of several species (such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail Laysan Rail] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren Stephens Island Wren]) and continues to threaten several others. The only conservation [[techniques]] that can help endangered species threatened by novel introduced species are creating barriers to exclude predators or eradicating those species. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand New Zealand] has pioneered the use of offshore islands free of introduced [[species]] to serve as wildlife refuges for ''ecologically naïve'' species.

Island tameness can be highly maladaptive in situations where [[humans]] have introduced predators, [[intentionally]] or [[accidentally]], such as pigs, dogs, rats or cats, to islands where [[ecologically]] naïve fauna lives. It has also made many island species, such as the long-extinct [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo Dodo] or the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-tailed_Albatross Short-tailed Albatross], vulnerable to human hunting. In many instances the native species are unable to learn to avoid new predators, or [[change]] their [[behavior]] to minimize their risk. This tameness is [[eventually]] lost or reduced in some species but many island [[populations]] are too small or breed too slowly for the affected species to adapt quickly enough. When combined with other threats, such as habitat loss, this has led to the [[extinction]] of several species (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail Laysan Rail] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren Stephens Island Wren]) and continues to threaten several others. The only conservation [[techniques]] that can help endangered species threatened by novel introduced species are creating barriers to exclude predators or eradicating those species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand New Zealand] has pioneered the use of offshore islands free of introduced [[species]] to serve as wildlife refuges for ''ecologically naïve'' species.

[[Category: Ecology]]

[[Category: Ecology]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]