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==Definition==

==Definition==

The [[quality]] or [[character]] of being '''objective'''; (in later use) esp. the ability to consider or represent [[facts]], [[information]], etc., without being influenced by [[personal]] feelings or opinions; impartiality; detachment.

The [[quality]] or [[character]] of being '''objective'''; (in later use) esp. the ability to consider or represent [[facts]], [[information]], etc., without being influenced by [[personal]] feelings or opinions; impartiality; detachment.

==Description==

==Description==

Objectivity is both an important and very difficult [[concept]] to pin down in philosophy. While there is no [[universal]]ly accepted articulation of [[objectivity]], a proposition is generally considered to be objectively true when its [[truth]] conditions are "mind-independent"—that is, not the result of any [[judgment]]s made by a [[conscious]] entity. Put another way, objective truths are those which are discovered rather than created. While such formulations capture the basic [[intuitive]] idea of objectivity, neither is without controversy.

Objectivity is both an important and very difficult [[concept]] to pin down in philosophy. While there is no [[universal]]ly accepted articulation of [[objectivity]], a proposition is generally considered to be objectively true when its [[truth]] conditions are "mind-independent"—that is, not the result of any [[judgment]]s made by a [[conscious]] entity. Put another way, objective truths are those which are discovered rather than created. While such formulations capture the basic [[intuitive]] idea of objectivity, neither is without controversy.

===Objectivity and subjectivity===

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''Objectivity''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Objectivity this link].</center>

==Objectivity and subjectivity==

In [[philosophy]], an objective [[fact]] means a truth that remains true everywhere, independently of human [[thought]] or [[feelings]]. For instance, it is true always and everywhere that 'in base 10, 2 plus 2 equals 4'. A subjective fact is one that is only true under certain conditions, at certain times, in certain places, or for certain people.

In [[philosophy]], an objective [[fact]] means a truth that remains true everywhere, independently of human [[thought]] or [[feelings]]. For instance, it is true always and everywhere that 'in base 10, 2 plus 2 equals 4'. A subjective fact is one that is only true under certain conditions, at certain times, in certain places, or for certain people.

==The scientific virtues==

==The scientific virtues==

The scientific virtue known as simplicity or parsimony has also come to be known as "[[Ockham’s Razor]]" because of its frequent use by the fourteenth century philosopher [[William of Ockham]], whose primary statement of the principle in his nominalist [[epistemology]] is that in accounting for the facts nothing should be assumed as necessary unless it is established through evidentiary [[experience]] or [[reason]]ing, or is required by the articles of faith.

The scientific virtue known as simplicity or parsimony has also come to be known as "[[Ockham’s Razor]]" because of its frequent use by the fourteenth century philosopher [[William of Ockham]], whose primary statement of the principle in his nominalist [[epistemology]] is that in accounting for the facts nothing should be assumed as necessary unless it is established through evidentiary [[experience]] or [[reason]]ing, or is required by the articles of faith.

===Objectivism===

==Objectivism==

"Objectivism" is a term that describes a branch of philosophy that originated in the early nineteenth century. [[Gottlob Frege]] was the first to apply it, when he expounded an epistemological and metaphysical theory contrary to that of [[Immanuel Kant]]. Kant's rationalism attempted to reconcile the failures he perceived in realism, empiricism, and idealism and to establish a critical method of approach in the distinction between epistemology and metaphysics.

"Objectivism" is a term that describes a branch of philosophy that originated in the early nineteenth century. [[Gottlob Frege]] was the first to apply it, when he expounded an epistemological and metaphysical theory contrary to that of [[Immanuel Kant]]. Kant's rationalism attempted to reconcile the failures he perceived in realism, empiricism, and idealism and to establish a critical method of approach in the distinction between epistemology and metaphysics.

===Ethical objectivism===

===Ethical objectivism===

According to the ethical objectivist, the truth or falsity of typical moral [[judgments]] does not depend upon the [[beliefs]] or feelings of any [[person]] or [[group]] of persons. This view holds that moral propositions are analogous to propositions about [[chemistry]], [[biology]], or [[history]]: they describe (or fail to describe) a mind-independent reality. When they describe it accurately, they are true --- no matter what anyone believes, hopes, wishes, or feels. When they fail to describe this mind-independent moral reality, they are false --- no matter what anyone believes, hopes, wishes, or feels. There are many versions of ethical objectivism, including various religious views of morality, Platonistic intuitionism, Kantianism, and certain forms of contractualism and ethical egoism. Note that Platonists define ethical objectivism in an even more narrow way, so that it requires the existence of intrinsic value. Consequently, they reject the idea that contractualists or egoists could be ethical objectivists.

According to the ethical objectivist, the truth or falsity of typical moral [[judgments]] does not depend upon the [[beliefs]] or feelings of any [[person]] or [[group]] of persons. This view holds that moral propositions are analogous to propositions about [[chemistry]], [[biology]], or [[history]]: they describe (or fail to describe) a mind-independent reality. When they describe it accurately, they are true --- no matter what anyone believes, hopes, wishes, or feels. When they fail to describe this mind-independent moral reality, they are false --- no matter what anyone believes, hopes, wishes, or feels. There are many versions of ethical objectivism, including various religious views of morality, Platonistic intuitionism, Kantianism, and certain forms of contractualism and ethical egoism. Note that Platonists define ethical objectivism in an even more narrow way, so that it requires the existence of intrinsic value. Consequently, they reject the idea that contractualists or egoists could be ethical objectivists.

==Compare==

==Compare==

[[Subjectivity]]

'''''[[Subjectivity]]'''''

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

*Bachelard, Gaston. La formation de l'esprit scientifique : contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance. Paris: Vrin, 2004 ISBN 2-7116-1150-7 .

*Bachelard, Gaston. La formation de l'esprit scientifique : contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance. Paris: Vrin, 2004 ISBN 2-7116-1150-7 .