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Old Testament Pseudepigrapha (view source)
Revision as of 20:55, 23 October 2015
, 20:55, 23 October 2015Created page with "File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Origin== '''Pseudepigrapha''' (also Anglicized as "pseudepigraph" or "pseudepigraphs") are falsely attri..."
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Charles_-_200.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
'''Pseudepigrapha''' (also Anglicized as "pseudepigraph" or "pseudepigraphs") are [[falsely]] attributed works, [[texts]] whose claimed [[author]] is represented by a separate author or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past. The word pseudepigrapha (from the Greek: ψευδής, pseudes, "false" and ἐπιγραφή, epigraphē, "name" or "inscription" or "ascription"; thus when taken together it means "false superscription or title"; see the related epigraphy) is the plural of "pseudepigraphon" (sometimes Latinized as "pseudepigraphum").
==Definitions==
==Description==
Pseudepigraphy covers the false ascription of [[names]] of [[authors]] to [[works]], even to authentic works that make no such claim within their [[text]]. Thus a widely accepted but incorrect attribution of authorship may make a completely authentic text pseudepigraphical. Assessing the actual writer of a text locates [[questions]] of pseudepigraphical attribution within the [[discipline]] of [[literary criticism]].
In [[Old Testament]] biblical studies, the term ''Pseudepigrapha'' typically refers to an assorted [[collection]] of [[Jewish]] religious works thought to be written c 300 BC to 300 AD. They are distinguished by Protestants from the Deuterocanonical (Catholic and Orthodox) or [[Apocrypha]] (Protestant), the books that appear in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate Vulgate] but not in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or in Protestant Bibles. Catholics distinguish only between the deuterocanonical and all the other books, that are called biblical [[Apocrypha]], a name that is also used for the pseudepigrapha in the Catholic usage. In addition, two books considered canonical in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewahedo_Orthodox Tewahedo] churches, viz. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Enoch 1 Enoch]'' and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees ''Jubilees''], are categorized as "pseudepigrapha" from the point of view of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedonian Chalcedonian] churches.
In biblical studies, ''pseudepigrapha'' refers particularly to works which purport to be written by noted [[authorities]] in either the Old and [[New Testament]]s or by persons involved in [[Jewish]] or [[Christian]] religious study or history. These works can also be written about biblical matters, often in such a way that they appear to be as [[authoritative]] as works which have been included in the many versions of the Judeo-Christian [[scriptures]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea] indicates this usage dates back at least to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapion_of_Antioch Serapion, bishop of Antioch] whom Eusebius records as having said: "But those [[writings]] which are falsely inscribed with their name (ta pseudepigrapha), we as [[experienced]] persons [[reject]]...."
Many such works were also referred to as [[Apocrypha]], which originally connoted "[[secret]] writings", those that were [[rejected]] for liturgical [[public]] reading. An example of a text that is both apocryphal and pseudepigraphical is the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon Odes of Solomon]''. It is considered pseudepigraphical because it was not actually written by Solomon but instead is a collection of early Christian (first to second century) [[hymns]] and [[poems]], originally written not in [[Hebrew]], and apocryphal because they were not accepted in either the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanakh Tanakh] or the [[New Testament]].
The term Pseudepigrapha also commonly describes numerous works of [[Jewish]] religious [[literature]] written from about 300 BC to 300 AD. Not all of these works are actually pseudepigraphical. It also refers to books of the [[New Testament]] [[canon]] whose authorship is misrepresented. Such works include the following:
*3 Maccabees
*4 Maccabees
*Assumption of Moses
*Ethiopic Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)
*Slavonic Book of Enoch (2 Enoch)
*Book of Jubilees
*Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch)
*Letter of Aristeas
*[[Life of Adam and Eve]]
*Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah
*Psalms of Solomon
*Sibylline Oracles
*Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch)
*Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
==Origin==
'''Pseudepigrapha''' (also Anglicized as "pseudepigraph" or "pseudepigraphs") are [[falsely]] attributed works, [[texts]] whose claimed [[author]] is represented by a separate author or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past. The word pseudepigrapha (from the Greek: ψευδής, pseudes, "false" and ἐπιγραφή, epigraphē, "name" or "inscription" or "ascription"; thus when taken together it means "false superscription or title"; see the related epigraphy) is the plural of "pseudepigraphon" (sometimes Latinized as "pseudepigraphum").
==Definitions==
==Description==
Pseudepigraphy covers the false ascription of [[names]] of [[authors]] to [[works]], even to authentic works that make no such claim within their [[text]]. Thus a widely accepted but incorrect attribution of authorship may make a completely authentic text pseudepigraphical. Assessing the actual writer of a text locates [[questions]] of pseudepigraphical attribution within the [[discipline]] of [[literary criticism]].
In [[Old Testament]] biblical studies, the term ''Pseudepigrapha'' typically refers to an assorted [[collection]] of [[Jewish]] religious works thought to be written c 300 BC to 300 AD. They are distinguished by Protestants from the Deuterocanonical (Catholic and Orthodox) or [[Apocrypha]] (Protestant), the books that appear in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate Vulgate] but not in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or in Protestant Bibles. Catholics distinguish only between the deuterocanonical and all the other books, that are called biblical [[Apocrypha]], a name that is also used for the pseudepigrapha in the Catholic usage. In addition, two books considered canonical in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewahedo_Orthodox Tewahedo] churches, viz. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Enoch 1 Enoch]'' and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees ''Jubilees''], are categorized as "pseudepigrapha" from the point of view of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedonian Chalcedonian] churches.
In biblical studies, ''pseudepigrapha'' refers particularly to works which purport to be written by noted [[authorities]] in either the Old and [[New Testament]]s or by persons involved in [[Jewish]] or [[Christian]] religious study or history. These works can also be written about biblical matters, often in such a way that they appear to be as [[authoritative]] as works which have been included in the many versions of the Judeo-Christian [[scriptures]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea] indicates this usage dates back at least to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapion_of_Antioch Serapion, bishop of Antioch] whom Eusebius records as having said: "But those [[writings]] which are falsely inscribed with their name (ta pseudepigrapha), we as [[experienced]] persons [[reject]]...."
Many such works were also referred to as [[Apocrypha]], which originally connoted "[[secret]] writings", those that were [[rejected]] for liturgical [[public]] reading. An example of a text that is both apocryphal and pseudepigraphical is the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon Odes of Solomon]''. It is considered pseudepigraphical because it was not actually written by Solomon but instead is a collection of early Christian (first to second century) [[hymns]] and [[poems]], originally written not in [[Hebrew]], and apocryphal because they were not accepted in either the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanakh Tanakh] or the [[New Testament]].
The term Pseudepigrapha also commonly describes numerous works of [[Jewish]] religious [[literature]] written from about 300 BC to 300 AD. Not all of these works are actually pseudepigraphical. It also refers to books of the [[New Testament]] [[canon]] whose authorship is misrepresented. Such works include the following:
*3 Maccabees
*4 Maccabees
*Assumption of Moses
*Ethiopic Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)
*Slavonic Book of Enoch (2 Enoch)
*Book of Jubilees
*Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch)
*Letter of Aristeas
*[[Life of Adam and Eve]]
*Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah
*Psalms of Solomon
*Sibylline Oracles
*Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch)
*Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]