Changes

It was February 1, 1884, 23 years after Coleridge's sample pages, when the first portion, or [[fascicle]], of the Dictionary was published. The full title had now become ''A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society'', and the 352-page volume, covering words from ''A'' to ''Ant'', was priced at 12[[shilling|s]].6[[penny|d]] or [[U.S. dollar|$]]3.25 U.S.  The total sales were a disappointing 4,000 copies.

It was February 1, 1884, 23 years after Coleridge's sample pages, when the first portion, or [[fascicle]], of the Dictionary was published. The full title had now become ''A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society'', and the 352-page volume, covering words from ''A'' to ''Ant'', was priced at 12[[shilling|s]].6[[penny|d]] or [[U.S. dollar|$]]3.25 U.S.  The total sales were a disappointing 4,000 copies.

It was now clear to the OUP that it would take much too long to complete the work if the editorial arrangements were not revised. Accordingly they supplied additional funding for assistants, but made two new demands on Murray in return. The first was that he move from Mill Hill to [[Oxford, England|Oxford]], which he did in 1885. Again he had a [[Scriptorium]] built on his property (to appease a neighbour, this one had to be half-buried in the ground), and the Post Office installed a [[pillar box]] directly in front of his house. [[Image:78BanburyRoadOxford 20060715KaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|right|The house at 78 Banbury Road, [[Oxford]], erstwhile residence of [[James Murray (lexicographer)|James Murray]], editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.]]

It was now clear to the OUP that it would take much too long to complete the work if the editorial arrangements were not revised. Accordingly they supplied additional funding for assistants, but made two new demands on Murray in return. The first was that he move from Mill Hill to [[Oxford, England|Oxford]], which he did in 1885. Again he had a [[Scriptorium]] built on his property (to appease a neighbour, this one had to be half-buried in the ground), and the Post Office installed a [[pillar box]] directly in front of his house.  

Murray was more resistant to the second requirement: that if he could not meet the desired schedule, then he must hire a second senior editor who would work in parallel, outside his supervision, on words from different parts of the alphabet. He did not want to share the work, and felt that it would eventually go faster as he gained experience. But it did not, and eventually [[Philip Lyttelton Gell|Philip Gell]] of the OUP forced his hand. [[Henry Bradley]], whom Murray had hired as his assistant in 1884, was promoted and began working independently in 1888, in a room at the [[British Museum]] in London. In 1896 Bradley moved to Oxford, working at the university itself.

Murray was more resistant to the second requirement: that if he could not meet the desired schedule, then he must hire a second senior editor who would work in parallel, outside his supervision, on words from different parts of the alphabet. He did not want to share the work, and felt that it would eventually go faster as he gained experience. But it did not, and eventually [[Philip Lyttelton Gell|Philip Gell]] of the OUP forced his hand. [[Henry Bradley]], whom Murray had hired as his assistant in 1884, was promoted and began working independently in 1888, in a room at the [[British Museum]] in London. In 1896 Bradley moved to Oxford, working at the university itself.

But by this time it was clear that the full text of the Dictionary now needed to be computerized. Achieving this would still require retyping it once, but thereafter it would always be accessible for computer searching — as well as for whatever new editions of the dictionary might be desired, starting with an integration of the supplementary volumes and the main text. Preparation for this began in 1983 and editorial work started the following year under the administrative direction of Timothy J. Benbow, and with [[John Simpson (lexicographer)|John A. Simpson]] and Edmund S. C. Weiner as co-editors.

But by this time it was clear that the full text of the Dictionary now needed to be computerized. Achieving this would still require retyping it once, but thereafter it would always be accessible for computer searching — as well as for whatever new editions of the dictionary might be desired, starting with an integration of the supplementary volumes and the main text. Preparation for this began in 1983 and editorial work started the following year under the administrative direction of Timothy J. Benbow, and with [[John Simpson (lexicographer)|John A. Simpson]] and Edmund S. C. Weiner as co-editors.

And so the '''New Oxford English Dictionary (NOED)''' project began. More than 120 keyboarders of International Computaprint Corporation in [[Tampa, Florida]], and Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, USA, started keying in over 350,000,000 characters, their work checked by 55 proof-readers in England. But, retyping the text alone was not sufficient; all the information represented by the complex [[typography]] of the original dictionary had to be retained, which was done by [[markup (computer programming)|marking up]] the content in [[SGML]]; and a specialized [[search engine]] and display software were also needed to access it. Under a 1985 agreement, some of this software work was done at the [[University of Waterloo]], Canada, at the ''Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary'', led by [[Frank Tompa|F.W. Tompa]] and [[Gaston Gonnet]]; this search technology went on to be the basis for [[Open Text Corporation]]. Computer hardware, database and other software, development managers, and programmers for the project were donated by the British subsidiary of [[IBM]]; the colour syntax-directed editor for the project,

And so the '''New Oxford English Dictionary (NOED)''' project began. More than 120 keyboarders of International Computaprint Corporation in [[Tampa, Florida]], and Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, USA, started keying in over 350,000,000 characters, their work checked by 55 proof-readers in England. But, retyping the text alone was not sufficient; all the information represented by the complex [[typography]] of the original dictionary had to be retained, which was done by [[markup (computer programming)|marking up]] the content in [[SGML]]; and a specialized [[search engine]] and display software were also needed to access it. Under a 1985 agreement, some of this software work was done at the [[University of Waterloo]], Canada, at the ''Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary'', led by [[Frank Tompa|F.W. Tompa]] and [[Gaston Gonnet]]; this search technology went on to be the basis for [[Open Text Corporation]]. Computer hardware, database and other software, development managers, and programmers for the project were donated by the British subsidiary of [[IBM]]; the colour syntax-directed editor for the project,

===Electronic versions===

===Electronic versions===

Now that the text of the dictionary was digitized and online, it could also be published on [[CD-ROM]]. The text of the First Edition was made available in 1988. Afterward, three versions of the second edition were issued. Version 1 (1992) was identical in content to the printed Second Edition, and the CD itself was not copy-protected. Version 2 (1999) had some additions to the corpus, and updated software with improved searching features, but had clumsy copy-protection that made it difficult to use and would even cause the program to deny use to OUP staff in the middle of demonstrations of the product. Version 3 (2002) has additional words and software improvements, though its copy-protection is still as unforgiving as that of the earlier version, and it is available for [[Microsoft Windows]] only. See "Miscellanea", below, for further details.

Now that the text of the dictionary was digitized and online, it could also be published on [[CD-ROM]]. The text of the First Edition was made available in 1988. Afterward, three versions of the second edition were issued. Version 1 (1992) was identical in content to the printed Second Edition, and the CD itself was not copy-protected. Version 2 (1999) had some additions to the corpus, and updated software with improved searching features, but had clumsy copy-protection that made it difficult to use and would even cause the program to deny use to OUP staff in the middle of demonstrations of the product. Version 3 (2002) has additional words and software improvements, though its copy-protection is still as unforgiving as that of the earlier version, and it is available for [[Microsoft Windows]] only. See "Miscellanea", below, for further details.

Single-click access to Oxford dictionaries is also available with [[Babylon translator|Babylon Translator]], which provides access to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary and Thesaurus with 240,000 definitions and 365,000 synonyms and antonyms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babylon.com/display.php?id=227&tree=5&level=3|title=Babylon Translator}}</ref>

Single-click access to Oxford dictionaries is also available with [[Babylon translator|Babylon Translator]], which provides access to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary and Thesaurus with 240,000 definitions and 365,000 synonyms and antonyms.[http://www.babylon.com/display.php?id=227&tree]

 

On [[March 14]], [[2000]], the '''Oxford English Dictionary Online''' ('''OED Online''') became available to subscribers.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Juliet New | date = [[March 22]], [[2000]] | title = 'The world's greatest dictionary' goes online | journal = Ariadne | issue = 23 | issn = 1361-3200 | url = http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue23/oed-online/ | accessdate = 2007-03-18}},</ref> The online database contains the entire ''OED2'' and is updated quarterly with revisions that will be included in the ''OED3'' (see below). The online edition is the most up-to-date one available.

On [[March 14]], [[2000]], the '''Oxford English Dictionary Online''' ('''OED Online''') became available to subscribers.'The world's greatest dictionary' goes online[http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue23/oed-online/ ] The online database contains the entire ''OED2'' and is updated quarterly with revisions that will be included in the ''OED3'' (see below). The online edition is the most up-to-date one available.

As the price for an individual to use this edition, even after a reduction in 2004, is £195 or $295 US every year, most subscribers are large organizations such as universities. Some of them do not use the Oxford English Dictionary Online portal and have legally downloaded the entire database into their organization's computers. Some public libraries and companies have subscribed as well, including, in March and April 2006, most public libraries in England and Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oup.com/online/englishpubliclibraries/|title=Oxford Online in English Public Libraries}}</ref> and New Zealand;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epic.org.nz/nl/Procurement.html|title=New Zealand procurement}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epic.org.nz/nl/oup.html#oed|title=OED on-line New Zealand}}</ref> any person belonging to a library subscribing to the service is able to use the service from their own home.

As the price for an individual to use this edition, even after a reduction in 2004, is £195 or $295 US every year, most subscribers are large organizations such as universities. Some of them do not use the Oxford English Dictionary Online portal and have legally downloaded the entire database into their organization's computers. Some public libraries and companies have subscribed as well, including, in March and April 2006, most public libraries in England and Wales [http://www.oup.com/online/englishpubliclibraries/] and New Zealand;[http://epic.org.nz/nl/Procurement.html] [http://epic.org.nz/nl/oup.html#oed] any person belonging to a library subscribing to the service is able to use the service from their own home.

Another method of payment was also introduced in 2004, offering residents of North or South America the opportunity to pay $29.95 US a month to access the online site.

Another method of payment was also introduced in 2004, offering residents of North or South America the opportunity to pay $29.95 US a month to access the online site.