Changes

==PAPER 58: LIFE ESTABLISHMENT ON URANTIA==   

==PAPER 58: LIFE ESTABLISHMENT ON URANTIA==   

58:0.1 In all [[Satania]] there are only sixty-one worlds similar to [[Urantia]], [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:4._THE_URANTIA_ADVENTURE life-modification] [[planets]]. The [[majority]] of [[inhabited worlds]] are peopled in [[accordance]] with [[established]] [[techniques]]; on such [[spheres]] the [[Life Carriers]] are afforded little leeway in their [[plans]] for [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:2._THE_EVOLUTIONARY_PANORAMA life implantation]. But about one world in [[ten]] is designated as a [[decimal]] [[planet]] and assigned to the special registry of the [[Life Carriers]]; and on such [[planets]] we are permitted to undertake certain life [[experiments]] in an effort to [[modify]] or possibly improve the [[standard]] [[universe]] [[types]] of living [[beings]].

58:0.1 In all [[Satania]] there are only sixty-one worlds similar to [[Urantia]], [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:4._THE_URANTIA_ADVENTURE life-modification] [[planets]]. The [[majority]] of [[inhabited worlds]] are peopled in [[accordance]] with [[established]] [[techniques]]; on such [[spheres]] the [[Life Carriers]] are afforded little leeway in their [[plans]] for [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_58#58:4._THE_LIFE-DAWN_ERA life implantation]. But about one world in [[ten]] is designated as a [[decimal]] [[planet]] and assigned to the special registry of the [[Life Carriers]]; and on such [[planets]] we are permitted to undertake certain life [[experiments]] in an effort to [[modify]] or possibly improve the [[standard]] [[universe]] [[types]] of living [[beings]].

==58:1. PHYSICAL-LIFE PREREQUISITES==   

==58:1. PHYSICAL-LIFE PREREQUISITES==   

58:1.2 It should be made clear that [[Life Carriers]] cannot [[initiate]] life until a [[sphere]] is ripe for the [[inauguration]] of the [[evolutionary]] [[cycle]]. Neither can we provide for a more rapid life [[development]] than can be [[supported]] and [[accommodated]] by the [[physical]] [[progress]] of the [[planet]].

58:1.2 It should be made clear that [[Life Carriers]] cannot [[initiate]] life until a [[sphere]] is ripe for the [[inauguration]] of the [[evolutionary]] [[cycle]]. Neither can we provide for a more rapid life [[development]] than can be [[supported]] and [[accommodated]] by the [[physical]] [[progress]] of the [[planet]].

58:1.3 The [[Satania]] [[Life Carriers]] had [[projected]] a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride sodium chloride] [[pattern]] of life; therefore no steps could be taken toward planting it until the [[ocean]] [[waters]] had become sufficiently briny. The [[Urantia]] [[type]] of [[protoplasm]] can [[function]] only in a suitable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt] solution. All [[ancestral]] life—[[vegetable]] and [[animal]]—evolved in a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt-solution] [[habitat]]. And even the more highly [[organized]] [[land]] [[animals]] could not continue to live did not this same [[essential]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt] solution [[circulate]] throughout their [[bodies]] in the blood stream which freely bathes, [[literally]] submerses, every tiny living [[cell]] in this "briny deep."[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx?By=0&SearchBy=4&Word=briny]

58:1.3 The [[Satania]] [[Life Carriers]] had [[projected]] a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride sodium chloride] [[pattern]] of life; therefore no steps could be taken toward planting it until the [[ocean]] [[waters]] had become sufficiently briny. The [[Urantia]] [[type]] of [[protoplasm]] can [[function]] only in a suitable [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt] solution. All [[ancestral]] life—[[vegetable]] and [[animal]]—evolved in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt-solution] [[habitat]]. And even the more highly [[organized]] [[land]] [[animals]] could not continue to live did not this same [[essential]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salt] solution [[circulate]] throughout their [[bodies]] in the blood stream which freely bathes, [[literally]] submerses, every tiny living [[cell]] in this "briny deep."[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx?By=0&SearchBy=4&Word=briny]

58:1.4 Your [[primitive]] [[ancestors]] freely [[circulated]] about in the salty [[ocean]]; today, this same oceanlike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salty] solution freely [[circulates]] about in your [[bodies]], bathing each [[individual]] [[cell]] with a [[chemical]] [[liquid]] in all [[essentials]] comparable to the salt water which stimulated the first [[protoplasmic]] [[reactions]] of the first living [[cells]] to [[function]] on the [[planet]].

58:1.4 Your [[primitive]] [[ancestors]] freely [[circulated]] about in the salty [[ocean]]; today, this same oceanlike [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride salty] solution freely [[circulates]] about in your [[bodies]], bathing each [[individual]] [[cell]] with a [[chemical]] [[liquid]] in all [[essentials]] comparable to the salt water which stimulated the first [[protoplasmic]] [[reactions]] of the first living [[cells]] to [[function]] on the [[planet]].

58:1.5 But as this era opens, [[Urantia]] is in every way [[evolving]] toward a [[state]] favorable for the [[support]] of the initial [[forms]] of [[marine]] life. Slowly but surely [[physical]] [[developments]] on [[earth]] and in adjacent [[space]] regions are [[preparing]] the [[stage]] for the later attempts to [[establish]] such life [[forms]] as we had [[decided]] would be best [[adapted]] to the unfolding [[physical]] [[environment]]—both [[terrestrial]] and [[spatial]].

58:1.5 But as this era opens, [[Urantia]] is in every way [[evolving]] toward a [[state]] favorable for the [[support]] of the initial [[forms]] of [[marine]] life. Slowly but surely [[physical]] [[developments]] on [[earth]] and in adjacent [[space]] regions are [[preparing]] the [[stage]] for the later attempts to [[establish]] such life [[forms]] as we had [[decided]] would be best [[adapted]] to the unfolding [[physical]] [[environment]]—both [[terrestrial]] and [[spatial]].

58:1.6 Subsequently the [[Satania]] commission of [[Life Carriers]] returned to [[Jerusem]], preferring to await the further breakup of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea continental land mass], which would afford still more inland seas and sheltered bays, before [[actually]] beginning [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:2._THE_EVOLUTIONARY_PANORAMA life implantation].

58:1.6 Subsequently the [[Satania]] commission of [[Life Carriers]] returned to [[Jerusem]], preferring to await the further breakup of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea continental land mass], which would afford still more inland seas and sheltered bays, before [[actually]] beginning [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_58#58:4._THE_LIFE-DAWN_ERA life implantation].

58:1.7 On a [[planet]] where life has a [[marine]] [[origin]] the [[ideal]] conditions for [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:2._THE_EVOLUTIONARY_PANORAMA life implantation] are provided by a large number of inland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea seas], by an extensive shore line of shallow [[waters]] and sheltered [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bays]; and just such a [[distribution]] of the [[earth]]'s [[waters]] was rapidly [[developing]]. These ancient inland seas were seldom over five or six hundred feet deep, and sunlight can penetrate [[ocean]] [[water]] for more than six hundred feet.

58:1.7 On a [[planet]] where life has a [[marine]] [[origin]] the [[ideal]] conditions for [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_58#58:4._THE_LIFE-DAWN_ERA life implantation] are provided by a large number of inland [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea seas], by an extensive shore line of shallow [[waters]] and sheltered [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bays]; and just such a [[distribution]] of the [[earth]]'s [[waters]] was rapidly [[developing]]. These ancient inland seas were seldom over five or six hundred feet deep, and sunlight can penetrate [[ocean]] [[water]] for more than six hundred feet.

58:1.8 And it was from such seashores of the mild and equable climes of a later age that [[primitive]] [[plant]] life found its way onto the [[land]]. There the high [[degree]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] in the [[atmosphere]] afforded the new [[land]] varieties of life [[opportunity]] for speedy and luxuriant [[growth]]. Though this [[atmosphere]] was then [[ideal]] for [[plant]] [[growth]], it contained such a high [[degree]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide carbon dioxide] that no [[animal]], much less [[man]], could have lived on the [[Surface|face]] of the [[earth]].

58:1.8 And it was from such seashores of the mild and equable climes of a later age that [[primitive]] [[plant]] life found its way onto the [[land]]. There the high [[degree]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] in the [[atmosphere]] afforded the new [[land]] varieties of life [[opportunity]] for speedy and luxuriant [[growth]]. Though this [[atmosphere]] was then [[ideal]] for [[plant]] [[growth]], it contained such a high [[degree]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide carbon dioxide] that no [[animal]], much less [[man]], could have lived on the [[Surface|face]] of the [[earth]].

==58:2. THE URANTIA ATMOSPHERE==   

==58:2. THE URANTIA ATMOSPHERE==   

58:2.1 The [[planetary]] [[atmosphere]] filters through to the [[earth]] about one two-billionths of the [[sun]]'s [[total]] [[light]] [[emanation]]. If the [[light]] falling upon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] were paid for at the rate of two cents per [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt#Kilowatt kilowatt]-hour, the annual light bill would be upward of 800 quadrillion dollars. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago]'s bill for sunshine would amount to considerably over 100 million dollars a day. And it should be [[remembered]] that you [[receive]] from the [[sun]] other [[forms]] of [[energy]]—[[light]] is not the only solar [[contribution]] reaching your [[atmosphere]]. Vast solar [[energies]] pour in upon [[Urantia]] [[embracing]] [[wave]] lengths ranging both above and below the [[recognition]] range of [[human]] [[vision]].

58:2.1 The [[planetary]] [[atmosphere]] filters through to the [[earth]] about one two-billionths of the [[sun]]'s [[total]] [[light]] [[emanation]]. If the [[light]] falling upon [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] were paid for at the rate of two cents per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt#Kilowatt kilowatt]-hour, the annual light bill would be upward of 800 quadrillion dollars. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago]'s bill for sunshine would amount to considerably over 100 million dollars a day. And it should be [[remembered]] that you [[receive]] from the [[sun]] other [[forms]] of [[energy]]—[[light]] is not the only solar [[contribution]] reaching your [[atmosphere]]. Vast solar [[energies]] pour in upon [[Urantia]] [[embracing]] [[wave]] lengths ranging both above and below the [[recognition]] range of [[human]] [[vision]].

58:2.2 The [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is all but [[opaque]] to much of the [[solar]] [[radiation]] at the extreme [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] end of the [[spectrum]]. Most of these short [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_length wave lengths] are absorbed by a layer of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone] which exists throughout a [[level]] about ten miles above the [[surface]] of the [[earth]], and which extends spaceward for another ten miles. The ozone permeating this region, at conditions prevailing on the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], would make a layer only one tenth of an inch thick; nevertheless, this [[relatively]] small and [[apparently]] insignificant amount of ozone protects [[Urantia]] [[inhabitants]] from the excess of these [[dangerous]] and destructive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] [[radiation]]s present in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight sunlight]. But were this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone] layer just a trifle thicker, you would be deprived of the highly important and [[health]]-giving [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] rays which now reach the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], and which are [[ancestral]] to one of the most [[essential]] of your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamins vitamins].

58:2.2 The [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is all but [[opaque]] to much of the [[solar]] [[radiation]] at the extreme [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] end of the [[spectrum]]. Most of these short [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_length wave lengths] are absorbed by a layer of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone] which exists throughout a [[level]] about ten miles above the [[surface]] of the [[earth]], and which extends spaceward for another ten miles. The ozone permeating this region, at conditions prevailing on the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], would make a layer only one tenth of an inch thick; nevertheless, this [[relatively]] small and [[apparently]] insignificant amount of ozone protects [[Urantia]] [[inhabitants]] from the excess of these [[dangerous]] and destructive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] [[radiation]]s present in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight sunlight]. But were this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone] layer just a trifle thicker, you would be deprived of the highly important and [[health]]-giving [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] rays which now reach the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], and which are [[ancestral]] to one of the most [[essential]] of your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamins vitamins].

58:2.3 And yet some of the less [[imaginative]] of your [[mortal]]  [http://academicearth.org/lectures/mechanical-philosophy] mechanists] insist on viewing [[material]] [[creation]] and [[human]] [[evolution]] as an [[accident]]. The [[Urantia]] [[midwayers]] have assembled over fifty thousand [[facts]] of [[physics]] and [[chemistry]] which they deem to be incompatible with the [[laws]] of [[accidental]] [[chance]], and which they contend unmistakably [[demonstrate]] the [[presence]] of [[intelligent]] [[purpose]] in the [[material]] [[creation]]. And all of this takes no account of their catalogue of more than one hundred thousand findings outside the [[domain]] of [[physics]] and [[chemistry]] which they [[maintain]] [[prove]] the [[presence]] of [[mind]] in the [[planning]], [[creation]], and [[maintenance]] of the [[material]] [[cosmos]].

58:2.3 And yet some of the less [[imaginative]] of your [[mortal]]  [https://academicearth.org/lectures/mechanical-philosophy mechanists] insist on viewing [[material]] [[creation]] and [[human]] [[evolution]] as an [[accident]]. The [[Urantia]] [[midwayers]] have assembled over fifty thousand [[facts]] of [[physics]] and [[chemistry]] which they deem to be incompatible with the [[laws]] of [[accidental]] [[chance]], and which they contend unmistakably [[demonstrate]] the [[presence]] of [[intelligent]] [[purpose]] in the [[material]] [[creation]]. And all of this takes no account of their catalogue of more than one hundred thousand findings outside the [[domain]] of [[physics]] and [[chemistry]] which they [[maintain]] [[prove]] the [[presence]] of [[mind]] in the [[planning]], [[creation]], and [[maintenance]] of the [[material]] [[cosmos]].

58:2.4 Your [[sun]] pours forth a veritable flood of [[death]]-dealing [[rays]], and your [[pleasant]] life on [[Urantia]] is due to the "fortuitous" [[influence]] of more than two-score [[apparently]] [[accidental]] protective operations similar to the [[action]] of this [[unique]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone layer].

58:2.4 Your [[sun]] pours forth a veritable flood of [[death]]-dealing [[rays]], and your [[pleasant]] life on [[Urantia]] is due to the "fortuitous" [[influence]] of more than two-score [[apparently]] [[accidental]] protective operations similar to the [[action]] of this [[unique]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozone layer].

58:2.5 Were it not for the "blanketing" [[effect]] of the [[atmosphere]] at night, [[heat]] would be lost by [[radiation]] so rapidly that life would be impossible of [[maintenance]] except by [[artificial]] provision.

58:2.5 Were it not for the "blanketing" [[effect]] of the [[atmosphere]] at night, [[heat]] would be lost by [[radiation]] so rapidly that life would be impossible of [[maintenance]] except by [[artificial]] provision.

58:2.6 The lower five or six miles of the [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troposphere troposphere]; this is the region of winds and [[air]] currents which provide [[weather]] [[phenomena]]. Above this region is the inner [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionosphere] and next above is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere stratosphere]. [[Ascending]] from the [[surface]] of the [[earth]], the [[temperature]] steadily falls for six or eight miles, at which height it registers around 70 degrees below zero F. This [[temperature]] range of from 65 to 70 degrees below zero F. is unchanged in the further [[ascent]] for forty miles; this realm of constant [[temperature]] is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere stratosphere]. At a height of forty-five or fifty miles, the [[temperature]] begins to rise, and this increase continues until, at the [[level]] of the [[auroral]] displays, a temperature of 1200° F. is [[attained]], and it is this [[intense]] [[heat]] that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Ionization_potential ionizes] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen oxygen]. But [[temperature]] in such a rarefied [[atmosphere]] is hardly comparable with [[heat]] reckoning at the [[surface]] of the [[earth]]. Bear in mind that one half of all your [[atmosphere]] is to be found in the first three miles. The height of the [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is indicated by the highest [[auroral]] streamers—about four hundred miles.

58:2.6 The lower five or six miles of the [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troposphere troposphere]; this is the region of winds and [[air]] currents which provide [[weather]] [[phenomena]]. Above this region is the inner [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionosphere] and next above is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere stratosphere]. [[Ascending]] from the [[surface]] of the [[earth]], the [[temperature]] steadily falls for six or eight miles, at which height it registers around 70 degrees below zero F. This [[temperature]] range of from 65 to 70 degrees below zero F. is unchanged in the further [[ascent]] for forty miles; this realm of constant [[temperature]] is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere stratosphere]. At a height of forty-five or fifty miles, the [[temperature]] begins to rise, and this increase continues until, at the [[level]] of the [[auroral]] displays, a temperature of 1200° F. is [[attained]], and it is this [[intense]] [[heat]] that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Ionization_potential ionizes] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen oxygen]. But [[temperature]] in such a rarefied [[atmosphere]] is hardly comparable with [[heat]] reckoning at the [[surface]] of the [[earth]]. Bear in mind that one half of all your [[atmosphere]] is to be found in the first three miles. The height of the [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] is indicated by the highest [[auroral]] streamers—about four hundred miles.

58:2.7 [[Auroral]] [[phenomena]] are directly [[related]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots], those solar cyclones which whirl in [[opposite]] directions above and below the [[solar]] [[equator]], even as do the [[terrestrial]] tropical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanes hurricanes]. Such [[atmospheric]] [[disturbances]] whirl in [[opposite]] directions when occurring above or below the [[equator]].

58:2.7 [[Auroral]] [[phenomena]] are directly [[related]] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots], those solar cyclones which whirl in [[opposite]] directions above and below the [[solar]] [[equator]], even as do the [[terrestrial]] tropical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanes hurricanes]. Such [[atmospheric]] [[disturbances]] whirl in [[opposite]] directions when occurring above or below the [[equator]].

58:2.8 The [[power]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots] to alter [[light]] [[frequencies]] shows that these solar storm [[centers]] [[function]] as enormous [[magnets]]. Such [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field magnetic fields] are able to hurl charged [[particles]] from the sunspot craters out through [[space]] to the [[earth]]'s outer [[atmosphere]], where their ionizing [[influence]] produces such spectacular [[auroral]] displays. Therefore do you have the greatest [[auroral]] [[phenomena]] when [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots] are at their height—or soon thereafter—at which time the spots are more generally [[equatorially]] situated.

58:2.8 The [[power]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots] to alter [[light]] [[frequencies]] shows that these solar storm [[centers]] [[function]] as enormous [[magnets]]. Such [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field magnetic fields] are able to hurl charged [[particles]] from the sunspot craters out through [[space]] to the [[earth]]'s outer [[atmosphere]], where their ionizing [[influence]] produces such spectacular [[auroral]] displays. Therefore do you have the greatest [[auroral]] [[phenomena]] when [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots sunspots] are at their height—or soon thereafter—at which time the spots are more generally [[equatorially]] situated.

58:2.9 Even the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass compass] needle is [[responsive]] to this [[solar]] [[influence]] since it turns slightly to the east as the sun rises and slightly to the west as the sun nears setting. This happens every day, but during the height of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cyclessunspot cycles] this variation of the compass is twice as great. These diurnal wanderings of the compass are in [[response]] to the increased [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Ionization_potential ionization] of the upper [[atmosphere]], which is produced by the sunlight.

58:2.9 Even the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass compass] needle is [[responsive]] to this [[solar]] [[influence]] since it turns slightly to the east as the sun rises and slightly to the west as the sun nears setting. This happens every day, but during the height of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cyclessunspot cycles] this variation of the compass is twice as great. These diurnal wanderings of the compass are in [[response]] to the increased [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Ionization_potential ionization] of the upper [[atmosphere]], which is produced by the sunlight.

58:2.10 It is the [[presence]] of two [[different]] [[levels]] of [[electrified]] conducting regions in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere superstratosphere] that accounts for the long-distance transmission of your long- and short-wave [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting radio broadcasts]. Your broadcasting is sometimes disturbed by the terrific [[storms]] which occasionally rage in the realms of these outer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionospheres].

58:2.10 It is the [[presence]] of two [[different]] [[levels]] of [[electrified]] conducting regions in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere superstratosphere] that accounts for the long-distance transmission of your long- and short-wave [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting radio broadcasts]. Your broadcasting is sometimes disturbed by the terrific [[storms]] which occasionally rage in the realms of these outer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionospheres].

==58:3. SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT==   

==58:3. SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT==   

58:3.1 During the earlier times of [[universe]] [[materialization]] the [[space]] regions are interspersed with vast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen hydrogen clouds], just such [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust astronomic dust] clusters as now characterize many regions throughout remote [[space]]. Much of the [[organized]] [[matter]] which the blazing [[suns]] break down and disperse as [[radiant]] [[energy]] was [[originally]] built up in these early appearing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust#Radiative_properties_of_cosmic_dust hydrogen clouds] of space. Under certain unusual conditions [[atom]] [[disruption]] also occurs at the [[nucleus]] of the larger hydrogen masses. And all of these [[phenomena]] of [[atom]] building and atom dissolution, as in the highly heated [[nebulae]], are attended by the [[emergence]] of flood tides of short [[space]] [[rays]] of [[radiant]] [[energy]]. Accompanying these [[diverse]] [[radiation]]s is a [[form]] of [[space]]-[[energy]] [[unknown]] on [[Urantia]].

58:3.1 During the earlier times of [[universe]] [[materialization]] the [[space]] regions are interspersed with vast [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen hydrogen clouds], just such [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust astronomic dust] clusters as now characterize many regions throughout remote [[space]]. Much of the [[organized]] [[matter]] which the blazing [[suns]] break down and disperse as [[radiant]] [[energy]] was [[originally]] built up in these early appearing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust#Radiative_properties_of_cosmic_dust hydrogen clouds] of space. Under certain unusual conditions [[atom]] [[disruption]] also occurs at the [[nucleus]] of the larger hydrogen masses. And all of these [[phenomena]] of [[atom]] building and atom dissolution, as in the highly heated [[nebulae]], are attended by the [[emergence]] of flood tides of short [[space]] [[rays]] of [[radiant]] [[energy]]. Accompanying these [[diverse]] [[radiation]]s is a [[form]] of [[space]]-[[energy]] [[unknown]] on [[Urantia]].

58:3.2 This short-[[ray]] [[energy]] charge of [[universe]] [[space]] is four hundred times greater than all other [[forms]] of radiant [[energy]] existing in the [[organized]] [[space]] [[domains]]. The output of short space [[rays]], whether coming from the blazing [[nebulae]], tense [[electric]] fields, [[outer space]], or the vast hydrogen [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust dust clouds], is [[modified]] [[qualitatively]] and [[quantitatively]] by fluctuations of, and sudden [[tension]] [[changes]] in, [[temperature]], [[gravity]], and [[electronic]] [[pressures]].

58:3.2 This short-[[ray]] [[energy]] charge of [[universe]] [[space]] is four hundred times greater than all other [[forms]] of radiant [[energy]] existing in the [[organized]] [[space]] [[domains]]. The output of short space [[rays]], whether coming from the blazing [[nebulae]], tense [[electric]] fields, [[outer space]], or the vast hydrogen [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust dust clouds], is [[modified]] [[qualitatively]] and [[quantitatively]] by fluctuations of, and sudden [[tension]] [[changes]] in, [[temperature]], [[gravity]], and [[electronic]] [[pressures]].

58:3.3 These [[eventualities]] in the [[origin]] of the [[space]] [[rays]] are determined by many [[cosmic]] occurrences as well as by the [[orbits]] of [[circulating]] [[matter]], which vary from [[modified]] [[circles]] to extreme [[ellipse]]s. [[Physical]] conditions may also be greatly altered because the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin electron spin] is sometimes in the [[opposite]] direction from that of the grosser [[matter]] [[behavior]], even in the same [[physical]] zone.

58:3.3 These [[eventualities]] in the [[origin]] of the [[space]] [[rays]] are determined by many [[cosmic]] occurrences as well as by the [[orbits]] of [[circulating]] [[matter]], which vary from [[modified]] [[circles]] to extreme [[ellipse]]s. [[Physical]] conditions may also be greatly altered because the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin electron spin] is sometimes in the [[opposite]] direction from that of the grosser [[matter]] [[behavior]], even in the same [[physical]] zone.

58:3.4 The vast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen hydrogen] clouds are veritable [[cosmic]] [[chemical]] [[laboratories]], harboring all [[phases]] of [[evolving]] [[energy]] and [[metamorphosing]] [[matter]]. Great [[energy]] [[actions]] also occur in the marginal [[gases]] of the great binary [[stars]] which so frequently overlap and hence extensively commingle. But none of these tremendous and far-flung [[energy]] [[activities]] of [[space]] exerts the least [[influence]] upon the [[phenomena]] of [[organized]] life—the [[germ plasm]] of living [[things]] and [[beings]]. These [[energy]] conditions of [[space]] are germane to the [[essential]] [[environment]] of life [[establishment]], but they are not [[effective]] in the subsequent [[modification]] of the [[inheritance]] [[factors]] of the [[germ plasm]] as are some of the longer [[rays]] of radiant [[energy]]. The implanted life of the [[Life Carriers]] is fully [[resistant]] to all of this amazing flood of the short space rays of [[universe]] [[energy]].

58:3.4 The vast [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen hydrogen] clouds are veritable [[cosmic]] [[chemical]] [[laboratories]], harboring all [[phases]] of [[evolving]] [[energy]] and [[metamorphosing]] [[matter]]. Great [[energy]] [[actions]] also occur in the marginal [[gases]] of the great binary [[stars]] which so frequently overlap and hence extensively commingle. But none of these tremendous and far-flung [[energy]] [[activities]] of [[space]] exerts the least [[influence]] upon the [[phenomena]] of [[organized]] life—the [[germ plasm]] of living [[things]] and [[beings]]. These [[energy]] conditions of [[space]] are germane to the [[essential]] [[environment]] of life [[establishment]], but they are not [[effective]] in the subsequent [[modification]] of the [[inheritance]] [[factors]] of the [[germ plasm]] as are some of the longer [[rays]] of radiant [[energy]]. The implanted life of the [[Life Carriers]] is fully [[resistant]] to all of this amazing flood of the short space rays of [[universe]] [[energy]].

58:3.5 All of these [[essential]] [[cosmic]] conditions had to [[evolve]] to a favorable [[status]] before the [[Life Carriers]] could [[actually]] begin the [[establishment]] of life on [[Urantia]].

58:3.5 All of these [[essential]] [[cosmic]] conditions had to [[evolve]] to a favorable [[status]] before the [[Life Carriers]] could [[actually]] begin the [[establishment]] of life on [[Urantia]].

==58:4. THE LIFE-DAWN ERA==   

==58:4. THE LIFE-DAWN ERA==   

58:4.1 That we are called [[Life Carriers]] should not [[confuse]] you. We can and do carry life to the [[planets]], but we brought no life to [[Urantia]]. Urantia life is [[unique]], [[original]] with the [[planet]]. This [[sphere]] is a [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:4._THE_URANTIA_ADVENTURE life-modification world]; all life [[appearing]] hereon was [[formulated]] by us right here on the [[planet]]; and there is no other world in all [[Satania]], even in all [[Nebadon]], that has a life [[existence]] just like that of [[Urantia]].

58:4.1 That we are called [[Life Carriers]] should not [[confuse]] you. We can and do carry life to the [[planets]], but we brought no life to [[Urantia]]. Urantia life is [[unique]], [[original]] with the [[planet]]. This [[sphere]] is a [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_65#65:4._THE_URANTIA_ADVENTURE life-modification world]; all life [[appearing]] hereon was [[formulated]] by us right here on the [[planet]]; and there is no other world in all [[Satania]], even in all [[Nebadon]], that has a life [[existence]] just like that of [[Urantia]].

58:4.2 550,000,000 years ago the [[Life Carrier]] corps returned to [[Urantia]]. In [[co-operation]] with [[spiritual]] [[powers]] and superphysical [[forces]] we [[organized]] and [[initiated]] the [[original]] life [[patterns]] of this world and planted them in the [[hospitable]] [[waters]] of the realm. All [[planetary]] life (aside from extraplanetary [[personalities]]) down to the days of [[Caligastia]], the [[Planetary Prince]], had its [[origin]] in our [[three]] [[original]], [[identical]], and [[simultaneous]] [[marine]]-life implantations. These three life implantations have been designated as: the ''central'' or ''Eurasian-African'', the ''eastern'' or ''Australasian'', and the ''western'', embracing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas Americas].

58:4.2 550,000,000 years ago the [[Life Carrier]] corps returned to [[Urantia]]. In [[co-operation]] with [[spiritual]] [[powers]] and superphysical [[forces]] we [[organized]] and [[initiated]] the [[original]] life [[patterns]] of this world and planted them in the [[hospitable]] [[waters]] of the realm. All [[planetary]] life (aside from extraplanetary [[personalities]]) down to the days of [[Caligastia]], the [[Planetary Prince]], had its [[origin]] in our [[three]] [[original]], [[identical]], and [[simultaneous]] [[marine]]-life implantations. These three life implantations have been designated as: the ''central'' or ''Eurasian-African'', the ''eastern'' or ''Australasian'', and the ''western'', embracing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas Americas].

58:4.3 500,000,000 years ago [[primitive]] [[marine]] [[Plant|vegetable]] life was well [[established]] on [[Urantia]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and the arctic [[land]] mass, together with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas North and South America], were beginning their long and slow westward drift. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] moved slightly south, creating an east and west trough, the [[Mediterranean]] basin, between itself and the mother body. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antactica Antarctica], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], and the land indicated by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific islands islands of the Pacific] broke away on the south and east and have drifted far away since that day.

58:4.3 500,000,000 years ago [[primitive]] [[marine]] [[Plant|vegetable]] life was well [[established]] on [[Urantia]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland] and the arctic [[land]] mass, together with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas North and South America], were beginning their long and slow westward drift. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] moved slightly south, creating an east and west trough, the [[Mediterranean]] basin, between itself and the mother body. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antactica Antarctica], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], and the land indicated by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_islands islands of the Pacific] broke away on the south and east and have drifted far away since that day.

58:4.4 We had planted the [[primitive]] [[form]] of [[marine]] life in the sheltered tropic bays of the central seas of the east-west cleavage of the breaking-up [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea continental land mass]. Our [[purpose]] in making [[three]] [[marine]]-life implantations was to insure that each great [[land]] mass would carry this life with it, in its warm-[[water]] seas, as the [[land]] subsequently separated. We foresaw that in the later era of the [[emergence]] of [[land]] life large [[oceans]] of water would separate these drifting continental land masses.

58:4.4 We had planted the [[primitive]] [[form]] of [[marine]] life in the sheltered tropic bays of the central seas of the east-west cleavage of the breaking-up [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea continental land mass]. Our [[purpose]] in making [[three]] [[marine]]-life implantations was to insure that each great [[land]] mass would carry this life with it, in its warm-[[water]] seas, as the [[land]] subsequently separated. We foresaw that in the later era of the [[emergence]] of [[land]] life large [[oceans]] of water would separate these drifting continental land masses.

==58:5. THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT==   

==58:5. THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT==   

58:5.1 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental land drift] continued. The [[earth]]'s core had become as dense and rigid as steel, being subjected to a [[pressure]] of almost 25,000 tons to the square inch, and owing to the enormous [[gravity]] [[pressure]], it was and still is very hot in the deep interior. The [[temperature]] increases from the [[surface]] downward until at the [[center]] it is slightly above the [[surface]] [[temperature]] of the [[sun]].

58:5.1 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental land drift] continued. The [[earth]]'s core had become as dense and rigid as steel, being subjected to a [[pressure]] of almost 25,000 tons to the square inch, and owing to the enormous [[gravity]] [[pressure]], it was and still is very hot in the deep interior. The [[temperature]] increases from the [[surface]] downward until at the [[center]] it is slightly above the [[surface]] [[temperature]] of the [[sun]].

58:5.2 The outer one thousand miles of the [[earth]]'s [[mass]] consists principally of [[different]] kinds of rock. Underneath are the denser and heavier metallic [[elements]]. Throughout the early and preatmospheric [[ages]] the world was so nearly [[fluid]] in its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten molten] and highly [[heated]] [[state]] that the heavier metals sank deep into the interior. Those found near the [[surface]] today represent the exudate of ancient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], later and extensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows], and the more recent [[meteoric]] deposits.

58:5.2 The outer one thousand miles of the [[earth]]'s [[mass]] consists principally of [[different]] kinds of rock. Underneath are the denser and heavier metallic [[elements]]. Throughout the early and preatmospheric [[ages]] the world was so nearly [[fluid]] in its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten molten] and highly [[heated]] [[state]] that the heavier metals sank deep into the interior. Those found near the [[surface]] today represent the exudate of ancient [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], later and extensive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows], and the more recent [[meteoric]] deposits.

58:5.3 The outer crust was about forty miles thick. This outer shell was [[supported]] by, and rested directly upon, a molten sea of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt] of varying thickness, a mobile layer of molten lava held under high [[pressure]] but always tending to [[flow]] hither and yon in [[equalization]] of shifting [[planetary]] pressures, thereby tending to [[stabilize]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust].

58:5.3 The outer crust was about forty miles thick. This outer shell was [[supported]] by, and rested directly upon, a molten sea of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt] of varying thickness, a mobile layer of molten lava held under high [[pressure]] but always tending to [[flow]] hither and yon in [[equalization]] of shifting [[planetary]] pressures, thereby tending to [[stabilize]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust].

58:5.4 Even today the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continents continue to float] upon this noncrystallized cushiony sea of molten basalt. Were it not for this protective condition, the more severe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] would [[literally]] shake the world to pieces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes Earthquakes] are caused by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate sliding and shifting] of the solid outer crust and not by volcanoes.

58:5.4 Even today the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continents continue to float] upon this noncrystallized cushiony sea of molten basalt. Were it not for this protective condition, the more severe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] would [[literally]] shake the world to pieces. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes Earthquakes] are caused by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate sliding and shifting] of the solid outer crust and not by volcanoes.

58:5.5 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] layers of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust], when cooled, [[form]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite]. The [[average]] [[density]] of [[Urantia]] is a little more than five and one-half times that of [[water]]; the [[density]] of granite is less than three times that of [[water]]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core earth's core] is twelve times as dense as [[water]].

58:5.5 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] layers of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust], when cooled, [[form]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite]. The [[average]] [[density]] of [[Urantia]] is a little more than five and one-half times that of [[water]]; the [[density]] of granite is less than three times that of [[water]]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core earth's core] is twelve times as dense as [[water]].

58:5.6 The [[Ocean|sea]] bottoms are more dense than the [[land]] masses, and this is what keeps the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] above [[water]]. When the sea bottoms are extruded above the sea level, they are found to consist largely of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt], a [[form]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] considerably heavier than the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite] of the [[land]] masses. Again, if the continents were not lighter than the [[ocean]] beds, [[gravity]] would draw the edges of the [[oceans]] up onto the [[land]], but such [[phenomena]] are not [[observable]].

58:5.6 The [[Ocean|sea]] bottoms are more dense than the [[land]] masses, and this is what keeps the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] above [[water]]. When the sea bottoms are extruded above the sea level, they are found to consist largely of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt], a [[form]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] considerably heavier than the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite] of the [[land]] masses. Again, if the continents were not lighter than the [[ocean]] beds, [[gravity]] would draw the edges of the [[oceans]] up onto the [[land]], but such [[phenomena]] are not [[observable]].

58:5.7 The weight of the [[oceans]] is also a [[factor]] in the increase of [[pressure]] on the sea beds. The lower but comparatively heavier [[ocean]] beds, plus the weight of the overlying [[water]], approximate the weight of the higher but much lighter [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. But all continents tend to creep into the [[oceans]]. The continental [[pressure]] at ocean-bottom levels is about 20,000 pounds to the square inch. That is, this would be the [[pressure]] of a continental mass standing 15,000 feet above the ocean floor. The ocean-floor [[water]] [[pressure]] is only about 5,000 pounds to the square inch. These [[differential]] [[pressures]] tend to [[cause]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] to slide toward the [[ocean]] beds.

58:5.7 The weight of the [[oceans]] is also a [[factor]] in the increase of [[pressure]] on the sea beds. The lower but comparatively heavier [[ocean]] beds, plus the weight of the overlying [[water]], approximate the weight of the higher but much lighter [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. But all continents tend to creep into the [[oceans]]. The continental [[pressure]] at ocean-bottom levels is about 20,000 pounds to the square inch. That is, this would be the [[pressure]] of a continental mass standing 15,000 feet above the ocean floor. The ocean-floor [[water]] [[pressure]] is only about 5,000 pounds to the square inch. These [[differential]] [[pressures]] tend to [[cause]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] to slide toward the [[ocean]] beds.

58:5.8 Depression of the [[ocean]] bottom during the prelife ages had upthrust a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea solitary continental land mass] to such a height that its lateral pressure tended to cause the eastern, western, and southern fringes to slide downhill, over the underlying semiviscous lava beds, into the [[waters]] of the surrounding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific Ocean]. This so fully [[compensated]] the continental pressure that a wide break did not occur on the eastern shore of this ancient Asiatic continent, but ever since has that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire eastern coast line hovered over the precipice of its adjoining oceanic depths], threatening to slide into a watery grave.

58:5.8 Depression of the [[ocean]] bottom during the prelife ages had upthrust a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea solitary continental land mass] to such a height that its lateral pressure tended to cause the eastern, western, and southern fringes to slide downhill, over the underlying semiviscous lava beds, into the [[waters]] of the surrounding [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific Ocean]. This so fully [[compensated]] the continental pressure that a wide break did not occur on the eastern shore of this ancient Asiatic continent, but ever since has that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire eastern coast line hovered over the precipice of its adjoining oceanic depths], threatening to slide into a watery grave.

==58:6. THE TRANSITION PERIOD==  

==58:6. THE TRANSITION PERIOD==  

58:6.1 450,000,000 years ago the [[transition]] from [[Plant|vegetable]] to [[animal]] life occurred. This [[metamorphosis]] took place in the shallow waters of the sheltered tropic bays and lagoons of the extensive shore lines of the separating [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. And this [[development]], all of which was [[inherent]] in the [[original]] life [[patterns]], came about [[gradually]]. There were many [[transitional]] [[stages]] between the early [[primitive]] [[Plant|vegetable]] [[forms]] of life and the later well-defined [[animal]] [[organisms]]. Even today the [[transition]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slime_mold slime molds] [[persist]], and they can hardly be [[classified]] either as [[plants]] or as [[animals]].

58:6.1 450,000,000 years ago the [[transition]] from [[Plant|vegetable]] to [[animal]] life occurred. This [[metamorphosis]] took place in the shallow waters of the sheltered tropic bays and lagoons of the extensive shore lines of the separating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. And this [[development]], all of which was [[inherent]] in the [[original]] life [[patterns]], came about [[gradually]]. There were many [[transitional]] [[stages]] between the early [[primitive]] [[Plant|vegetable]] [[forms]] of life and the later well-defined [[animal]] [[organisms]]. Even today the [[transition]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slime_mold slime molds] [[persist]], and they can hardly be [[classified]] either as [[plants]] or as [[animals]].

58:6.2 Although the [[evolution]] of [[Plant|vegetable]] life can be traced into [[animal]] life, and though there have been found [[graduated]] series of [[plants]] and [[animals]] which [[progressively]] lead up from the most [[simple]] to the most [[complex]] and advanced [[organisms]], you will not be able to find such [[connecting]] links between the great divisions of the [[animal]] kingdom nor between the highest of the prehuman animal types and the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_62 dawn men] of the [[human]] [[races]]. These so-called "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_fossil missing links]" will forever remain missing, for the simple reason that they never existed.

58:6.2 Although the [[evolution]] of [[Plant|vegetable]] life can be traced into [[animal]] life, and though there have been found [[graduated]] series of [[plants]] and [[animals]] which [[progressively]] lead up from the most [[simple]] to the most [[complex]] and advanced [[organisms]], you will not be able to find such [[connecting]] links between the great divisions of the [[animal]] kingdom nor between the highest of the prehuman animal types and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_62 dawn men] of the [[human]] [[races]]. These so-called "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_fossil missing links]" will forever remain missing, for the simple reason that they never existed.

58:6.3 From [[era]] to era [[radically]] new [[species]] of [[animal]] life arise. They do not [[evolve]] as the result of the [[gradual]] accumulation of small variations; they appear as full-fledged and new orders of life, and they appear suddenly.

58:6.3 From [[era]] to era [[radically]] new [[species]] of [[animal]] life arise. They do not [[evolve]] as the result of the [[gradual]] accumulation of small variations; they appear as full-fledged and new orders of life, and they appear suddenly.

58:6.4 The sudden [[appearance]] of new [[species]] and [[diversified]] orders of living [[organisms]] is wholly [[biologic]], strictly [[natural]]. There is nothing [[supernatural]] [[connected]] with these [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation genetic mutations].

58:6.4 The sudden [[appearance]] of new [[species]] and [[diversified]] orders of living [[organisms]] is wholly [[biologic]], strictly [[natural]]. There is nothing [[supernatural]] [[connected]] with these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation genetic mutations].

58:6.5 At the proper [[degree]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt saltiness] in the [[oceans]] [[animal]] life evolved, and it was [[comparatively]] simple to allow the briny waters to [[circulate]] through the [[animal]] bodies of [[marine]] life. But when the [[oceans]] were contracted and the percentage of salt was greatly increased, these same [[animals]] evolved the [[ability]] to reduce the saltiness of their [[body]] [[fluid]]s just as those [[organisms]] which learned to live in fresh [[water]] acquired the [[ability]] to maintain the proper [[degree]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride sodium chloride] in their body fluids by ingenious [[techniques]] of salt [[conservation]].

58:6.5 At the proper [[degree]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt saltiness] in the [[oceans]] [[animal]] life evolved, and it was [[comparatively]] simple to allow the briny waters to [[circulate]] through the [[animal]] bodies of [[marine]] life. But when the [[oceans]] were contracted and the percentage of salt was greatly increased, these same [[animals]] evolved the [[ability]] to reduce the saltiness of their [[body]] [[fluid]]s just as those [[organisms]] which learned to live in fresh [[water]] acquired the [[ability]] to maintain the proper [[degree]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride sodium chloride] in their body fluids by ingenious [[techniques]] of salt [[conservation]].

58:6.6 [[Study]] of the rock-embraced [[fossils]] of [[marine]] life reveals the early [[adjustment]] [[struggles]] of these [[primitive]] [[organisms]]. [[Plants]] and [[animals]] never cease to make these [[adjustment]] [[experiments]]. Ever the [[environment]] is changing, and always are living [[organisms]] striving to [[accommodate]] themselves to these never-ending [[Change|fluctuations]].

58:6.6 [[Study]] of the rock-embraced [[fossils]] of [[marine]] life reveals the early [[adjustment]] [[struggles]] of these [[primitive]] [[organisms]]. [[Plants]] and [[animals]] never cease to make these [[adjustment]] [[experiments]]. Ever the [[environment]] is changing, and always are living [[organisms]] striving to [[accommodate]] themselves to these never-ending [[Change|fluctuations]].

58:6.7 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology physiologic] equipment and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy anatomic] [[structure]] of all new [[orders]] of life are in [[response]] to the [[action]] of [[physical]] [[law]], but the subsequent [[endowment]] of [[mind]] is a [[bestowal]] of the [[adjutant mind-spirits]] in [[Proportion|accordance]] with innate [[brain]] [[capacity]]. [[Mind]], while not a [[physical]] [[evolution]], is wholly dependent on the [[brain]] [[capacity]] afforded by [[purely]] [[physical]] and [[evolutionary]] [[developments]].

58:6.7 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology physiologic] equipment and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy anatomic] [[structure]] of all new [[orders]] of life are in [[response]] to the [[action]] of [[physical]] [[law]], but the subsequent [[endowment]] of [[mind]] is a [[bestowal]] of the [[adjutant mind-spirits]] in [[Proportion|accordance]] with innate [[brain]] [[capacity]]. [[Mind]], while not a [[physical]] [[evolution]], is wholly dependent on the [[brain]] [[capacity]] afforded by [[purely]] [[physical]] and [[evolutionary]] [[developments]].

58:6.8 Through almost endless [[cycles]] of gains and losses, [[adjustments]] and readjustments, all living [[organisms]] swing back and forth from [[age]] to age. Those that [[attain]] [[cosmic]] [[unity]] [[persist]], while those that fall short of this goal cease to [[exist]].

58:6.8 Through almost endless [[cycles]] of gains and losses, [[adjustments]] and readjustments, all living [[organisms]] swing back and forth from [[age]] to age. Those that [[attain]] [[cosmic]] [[unity]] [[persist]], while those that fall short of this goal cease to [[exist]].

==58:7. THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY BOOK==   

==58:7. THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY BOOK==   

58:7.1 The vast [[group]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock] systems which [[constituted]] the outer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust crust] of the world during the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_58#58:4._THE_LIFE-DAWN_ERA life-dawn] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proterozoic Proterozoic era] does not now appear at many points on the [[earth]]'s [[surface]]. And when it does [[emerge]] from below all the accumulations of subsequent [[ages]], there will be found only the [[fossil]] remains of [Plant|vegetable]] and early [[primitive]] [[animal]] life. Some of these older [[water]]-deposited rocks are commingled with subsequent layers, and sometimes they yield [[fossil]] remains of some of the earlier [[forms]] of [[Plant|vegetable]] life, while on the topmost layers occasionally may be found some of the more [[primitive]] [[forms]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_59 early marine-animal] [[organisms]]. In many places these oldest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rock layers], bearing the [[fossils]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_59 early marine life], both [[animal]] and [[Plant|vegetable]], may be found directly on top of the older undifferentiated stone.

58:7.1 The vast [[group]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock] systems which [[constituted]] the outer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust crust] of the world during the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_58#58:4._THE_LIFE-DAWN_ERA life-dawn] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proterozoic Proterozoic era] does not now appear at many points on the [[earth]]'s [[surface]]. And when it does [[emerge]] from below all the accumulations of subsequent [[ages]], there will be found only the [[fossil]] remains of [[Plant|vegetable]] and early [[primitive]] [[animal]] life. Some of these older [[water]]-deposited rocks are commingled with subsequent layers, and sometimes they yield [[fossil]] remains of some of the earlier [[forms]] of [[Plant|vegetable]] life, while on the topmost layers occasionally may be found some of the more [[primitive]] [[forms]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_59 early marine-animal] [[organisms]]. In many places these oldest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rock layers], bearing the [[fossils]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_59 early marine life], both [[animal]] and [[Plant|vegetable]], may be found directly on top of the older undifferentiated stone.

58:7.2 [[Fossils]] of this era yield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae algae], corallike [[plants]], primitive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa Protozoa], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge spongelike] [[transition]] [[organisms]]. But the [[absence]] of such [[fossils]] in the early rock layers does not necessarily [[prove]] that living [[things]] were not elsewhere in [[existence]] at the time of their deposition. Life was sparse throughout these early times and only slowly made its way over the [[Surface|face]] of the [[earth]].

58:7.2 [[Fossils]] of this era yield [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae algae], corallike [[plants]], primitive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa Protozoa], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge spongelike] [[transition]] [[organisms]]. But the [[absence]] of such [[fossils]] in the early rock layers does not necessarily [[prove]] that living [[things]] were not elsewhere in [[existence]] at the time of their deposition. Life was sparse throughout these early times and only slowly made its way over the [[Surface|face]] of the [[earth]].

58:7.3 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rocks] of this olden [[age]] are now at the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], or very near the surface, over about one eighth of the present [[land]] area. The [[average]] thickness of this [[transition]] stone, the oldest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rock layers], is about one and one-half miles. At some points these ancient rock systems are as much as four miles thick, but many of the layers which have been ascribed to this [[era]] belong to later periods.

58:7.3 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rocks] of this olden [[age]] are now at the [[earth]]'s [[surface]], or very near the surface, over about one eighth of the present [[land]] area. The [[average]] thickness of this [[transition]] stone, the oldest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rock layers], is about one and one-half miles. At some points these ancient rock systems are as much as four miles thick, but many of the layers which have been ascribed to this [[era]] belong to later periods.

58:7.4 In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] this ancient and [[primitive]] [[fossil]]-bearing stone layer comes to the [[surface]] over the eastern, central, and northern regions of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada Canada]. There is also an intermittent east-west ridge of this rock which extends from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania Pennsylvania] and the ancient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adirondack_mountains Adirondack Mountains] on west through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan Michigan], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin Wisconsin], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota Minnesota]. Other ridges run from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland Newfoundland] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama Alabama] and from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska Alaska] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico Mexico].

58:7.4 In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] this ancient and [[primitive]] [[fossil]]-bearing stone layer comes to the [[surface]] over the eastern, central, and northern regions of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada Canada]. There is also an intermittent east-west ridge of this rock which extends from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania Pennsylvania] and the ancient [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adirondack_mountains Adirondack Mountains] on west through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan Michigan], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin Wisconsin], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota Minnesota]. Other ridges run from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland Newfoundland] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama Alabama] and from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska Alaska] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico Mexico].

58:7.5 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rocks] of this [[era]] are [[exposed]] here and there all over the world, but none are so easy of [[interpretation]] as those about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superior Lake Superior] and in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon Grand Canyon] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_river Colorado River], where these [[primitive]] [[fossil]]-bearing rocks, existing in several layers, testify to the [[upheavals]] and [[surface]] fluctuations of those faraway times.

58:7.5 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rocks] of this [[era]] are [[exposed]] here and there all over the world, but none are so easy of [[interpretation]] as those about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superior Lake Superior] and in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon Grand Canyon] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_river Colorado River], where these [[primitive]] [[fossil]]-bearing rocks, existing in several layers, testify to the [[upheavals]] and [[surface]] fluctuations of those faraway times.

58:7.6 This stone layer, the oldest [[fossil]]-bearing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratum] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust crust]] of the [[earth]], has been crumpled, folded, and grotesquely twisted as a result of the [[upheavals]] of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] and the early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] [[flows]] of this [[age]] brought much [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper copper], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead lead] up near the [[planetary]] [[surface]].

58:7.6 This stone layer, the oldest [[fossil]]-bearing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratum] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust crust] of the [[earth]], has been crumpled, folded, and grotesquely twisted as a result of the [[upheavals]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] and the early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] [[flows]] of this [[age]] brought much [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper copper], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead lead] up near the [[planetary]] [[surface]].

58:7.7 There are few places on the [[earth]] where such [[activities]] are more graphically shown than in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Croix_Valley St. Croix valley] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin Wisconsin]. In this region there occurred one hundred and twenty-seven [[successive]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows] on [[land]] with succeeding [[water]] submergence and consequent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock deposition]. Although much of the upper rock sedimentation and intermittent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flow] is absent today, and though the bottom of this [[system]] is buried deep in the [[earth]], nevertheless, about sixty-five or seventy of these [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified] [[records]] of past ages are now [[exposed]] to view.

58:7.7 There are few places on the [[earth]] where such [[activities]] are more graphically shown than in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Croix_Valley St. Croix valley] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin Wisconsin]. In this region there occurred one hundred and twenty-seven [[successive]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows] on [[land]] with succeeding [[water]] submergence and consequent [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock deposition]. Although much of the upper rock sedimentation and intermittent [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flow] is absent today, and though the bottom of this [[system]] is buried deep in the [[earth]], nevertheless, about sixty-five or seventy of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified] [[records]] of past ages are now [[exposed]] to view.

58:7.8 In these early ages when much [[land]] was near sea level, there occurred many [[successive]] submergences and emergences. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crus earth's crust] was just entering upon its later period of [[comparative]] [[stabilization]]. The undulations, rises and dips, of the earlier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental drift] [[contributed]] to the [[frequency]] of the periodic submergence of the great [[land]] masses.

58:7.8 In these early ages when much [[land]] was near sea level, there occurred many [[successive]] submergences and emergences. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crus earth's crust] was just entering upon its later period of [[comparative]] [[stabilization]]. The undulations, rises and dips, of the earlier [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental drift] [[contributed]] to the [[frequency]] of the periodic submergence of the great [[land]] masses.

58:7.9 During these times of [[primitive]] [[marine]] life, extensive areas of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continental] shores sank beneath the seas from a few feet to half a mile. Much of the older [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone sandstone] and conglomerates [[represents]] the sedimentary accumulations of these ancient shores. The sedimentary rocks belonging to this early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratification] rest directly upon those layers which date back far beyond the [[origin]] of life, back to the early [[appearance]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_57#57:8._CRUSTAL_STABILIZATION-THE_AGE_OF_EARTHQUAKES-THE_WORLD_OCEAN_AND_THE_FIRST_CONTINENT world-wide ocean].

58:7.9 During these times of [[primitive]] [[marine]] life, extensive areas of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continental] shores sank beneath the seas from a few feet to half a mile. Much of the older [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone sandstone] and conglomerates [[represents]] the sedimentary accumulations of these ancient shores. The sedimentary rocks belonging to this early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratification] rest directly upon those layers which date back far beyond the [[origin]] of life, back to the early [[appearance]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_57#57:8._CRUSTAL_STABILIZATION-THE_AGE_OF_EARTHQUAKES-THE_WORLD_OCEAN_AND_THE_FIRST_CONTINENT world-wide ocean].

58:7.10 Some of the upper layers of these [[transition]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock] deposits contain small amounts of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale shale] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate slate] of dark [[colors]], indicating the [[presence]] of organic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] and testifying to the [[existence]] of the [[ancestors]] of those [[forms]] of [[plant]] life which overran the [[earth]] during the succeeding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous Carboniferous] or coal age. Much of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper copper] in these rock layers results from [[water]] deposition. Some is found in the cracks of the older rocks and is the [[concentrate]] of the sluggish swamp water of some ancient sheltered shore line. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron] mines of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] are located in deposits and extrusions lying partly in the older unstratified rocks and partly in these later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rocks] of the [[transition]] periods of life formation.

58:7.10 Some of the upper layers of these [[transition]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 rock] deposits contain small amounts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale shale] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate slate] of dark [[colors]], indicating the [[presence]] of organic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] and testifying to the [[existence]] of the [[ancestors]] of those [[forms]] of [[plant]] life which overran the [[earth]] during the succeeding [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous Carboniferous] or coal age. Much of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper copper] in these rock layers results from [[water]] deposition. Some is found in the cracks of the older rocks and is the [[concentrate]] of the sluggish swamp water of some ancient sheltered shore line. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron] mines of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] are located in deposits and extrusions lying partly in the older unstratified rocks and partly in these later [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy stratified rocks] of the [[transition]] periods of life formation.

58:7.11 This [[era]] [[witnesses]] the spread of life throughout the [[waters]] of the world; [[marine]] life has become well [[established]] on [[Urantia]]. The bottoms of the shallow and extensive inland seas are being [[gradually]] overrun by a profuse and [[luxuriant]] [[growth]] of [[Plant|vegetation]], while the shore-line [[waters]] are swarming with the [[simple]] [[forms]] of [[animal]] life.

58:7.11 This [[era]] [[witnesses]] the spread of life throughout the [[waters]] of the world; [[marine]] life has become well [[established]] on [[Urantia]]. The bottoms of the shallow and extensive inland seas are being [[gradually]] overrun by a profuse and [[luxuriant]] [[growth]] of [[Plant|vegetation]], while the shore-line [[waters]] are swarming with the [[simple]] [[forms]] of [[animal]] life.

58:7.12 All of this [[story]] is graphically told within the [[fossil]] pages of the vast "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_record stone book]" of world [[record]]. And the pages of this gigantic biogeologic [[record]] unfailingly tell the [[truth]] if you but acquire [[skill]] in their [[interpretation]]. Many of these ancient sea beds are now elevated high upon [[land]], and their deposits of [[age]] upon age tell the [[story]] of the life [[struggles]] of those early days. It is [[literally]] true, as your [[poet]] has said, "[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lord_Byron#Beppo_.281818.29 The dust we tread upon was once alive][http://www.bartleby.com/100/368.173.html]."

58:7.12 All of this [[story]] is graphically told within the [[fossil]] pages of the vast "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_record stone book]" of world [[record]]. And the pages of this gigantic biogeologic [[record]] unfailingly tell the [[truth]] if you but acquire [[skill]] in their [[interpretation]]. Many of these ancient sea beds are now elevated high upon [[land]], and their deposits of [[age]] upon age tell the [[story]] of the life [[struggles]] of those early days. It is [[literally]] true, as your [[poet]] has said, "[https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lord_Byron#Beppo_.281818.29 The dust we tread upon was once alive][https://www.bartleby.com/100/368.173.html]."

58:7.13 Presented by a member of the Urantia [[Life Carrier]] Corps now resident on the planet.

58:7.13 Presented by a member of the Urantia [[Life Carrier]] Corps now resident on the [[planet]].

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[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]

[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]