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==71:1. THE EMBRYONIC STATE==

==71:1. THE EMBRYONIC STATE==

71:1.1 The state is a territorial social regulative organization, and the strongest, most efficient, and enduring state is composed of a single nation whose people have a common language, mores, and institutions.

71:1.1 The [[state]] is a territorial [[social]] [[regulative]] [[organization]], and the strongest, most [[efficient]], and [[enduring]] [[state]] is [[composed]] of a single nation whose [[people]] have a common [[language]], [[mores]], and [[institutions]].

71:1.2 The early states were small and were all the result of conquest. They did not originate in voluntary associations. Many were founded by conquering nomads, who would swoop down on peaceful herders or settled agriculturists to overpower and enslave them. Such states, resulting from conquest, were, perforce, stratified; classes were inevitable, and class struggles have ever been selective.

71:1.2 The early states were small and were all the result of [[conquest]]. They did not [[originate]] in [[voluntary]] [[associations]]. Many were founded by [[conquering]] [[nomads]], who would swoop down on [[peaceful]] herders or settled [[agriculturists]] to overpower and [[enslave]] them. Such states, resulting from [[conquest]], were, perforce, stratified; classes were [[inevitable]], and [[class]] [[struggles]] have ever been selective.

71:1.3 The northern tribes of the American red men never attained real statehood. They never progressed beyond a loose confederation of tribes, a very primitive form of state. Their nearest approach was the Iroquois federation, but this group of six nations never quite functioned as a state and failed to survive because of the absence of certain essentials to modern national life, such as:

71:1.3 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States northern tribes] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:7._DISPERSION_OF_THE_COLORED_RACES American red men] never [[attained]] real statehood. They never [[progressed]] beyond a loose [[confederation]] of [[tribes]], a very [[primitive]] [[form]] of [[state]]. Their nearest approach was the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois Iroquois federation], but this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois#Grand_Council group of six nations] never quite [[functioned]] as a state and failed to [[survive]] because of the [[absence]] of certain [[essentials]] to [[modern]] national life, such as:

*1. 71:1.4 Acquirement and inheritance of private property.

*1. 71:1.4 Acquirement and inheritance of [[private]] [[property]].

*2. 71:1.5 Cities plus agriculture and industry.

*2. 71:1.5 [[Cities]] plus [[agriculture]] and [[industry]].

*3. 71:1.6 Helpful domestic animals.

*3. 71:1.6 Helpful domestic [[animals]].

*4. 71:1.7 Practical family organization. These red men clung to the mother-family and nephew inheritance.

*4. 71:1.7 [[Practical]] [[family]] [[organization]]. These red men clung to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriarchy mother-family] and nephew inheritance.

*5. 71:1.8 Definite territory.

*5. 71:1.8 Definite territory.

*6. 71:1.9 A strong executive head.

*6. 71:1.9 A strong [[executive]] head.

*7. 71:1.10 Enslavement of captives—they either adopted or massacred them.

*7. 71:1.10 [[Enslavement]] of captives—they either [[adopted]] or massacred them.

*8. 71:1.11 Decisive conquests.

*8. 71:1.11 Decisive [[conquests]].

71:1.12 The red men were too democratic; they had a good government, but it failed. Eventually they would have evolved a state had they not prematurely encountered the more advanced civilization of the white man, who was pursuing the governmental methods of the Greeks and the Romans.

71:1.12 The red men were too [[democratic]]; they had a [[good]] [[government]], but it failed. [[Eventually]] they would have evolved a [[state]] had they not prematurely encountered the more advanced [[civilization]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white man], who was pursuing the governmental methods of the Greeks and the Romans.

71:1.13 The successful Roman state was based on:

71:1.13 The successful [[Roman]] [[state]] was based on:

*1. The father-family.

*1. The [[Patriarchy|father-family]].

*2. Agriculture and the domestication of animals.

*2. [[Agriculture]] and the [[domestication]] of [[animals]].

*3. Condensation of population—cities.

*3. Condensation of [[population]]—[[cities]].

*4. Private property and land.

*4. [[Private]] [[property]] and [[land]].

*5. Slavery—classes of citizenship.

*5. [[Slavery]]—[[classes]] of [[citizenship]].

*6. Conquest and reorganization of weak and backward peoples.

*6. [[Conquest]] and reorganization of weak and backward peoples.

*7. Definite territory with roads.

*7. Definite territory with roads.

*8. Personal and strong rulers.

*8. [[Personal]] and strong rulers.

71:1.14 The great weakness in Roman civilization, and a factor in the ultimate collapse of the empire, was the supposed liberal and advanced provision for the emancipation of the boy at twenty-one and the unconditional release of the girl so that she was at liberty to marry a man of her own choosing or to go abroad in the land to become immoral. The harm to society consisted not in these reforms themselves but rather in the sudden and extensive manner of their adoption. The collapse of Rome indicates what may be expected when a state undergoes too rapid extension associated with internal degeneration.

71:1.14 The great weakness in [[Roman]] [[civilization]], and a factor in the ultimate collapse of the [[empire]], was the supposed [[liberal]] and advanced provision for the [[emancipation]] of the [[Male|boy]] at twenty-one and the unconditional release of the [[Female|girl]] so that she was at [[liberty]] to [[marry]] a man of her own choosing or to go abroad in the [[land]] to become immoral. The [[harm]] to [[society]] consisted not in these reforms themselves but rather in the sudden and extensive [[manner]] of their [[adoption]]. The collapse of [[Rome]] indicates what may be expected when a [[state]] undergoes too rapid extension [[associated]] with internal [[degeneration]].

71:1.15 The embryonic state was made possible by the decline of the blood bond in favor of the territorial, and such tribal federations were usually firmly cemented by conquest. While a sovereignty that transcends all minor struggles and group differences is the characteristic of the true state, still, many classes and castes persist in the later state organizations as remnants of the clans and tribes of former days. The later and larger territorial states had a long and bitter struggle with these smaller consanguineous clan groups, the tribal government proving a valuable transition from family to state authority. During later times many clans grew out of trades and other industrial associations.

71:1.15 The embryonic [[state]] was made possible by the decline of the [[Genetic|blood bond]] in favor of the [[Property|territorial]], and such [[tribal]] federations were usually firmly cemented by [[conquest]]. While a [[sovereignty]] that [[transcends]] all minor [[struggles]] and [[group]] [[differences]] is the characteristic of the true [[state]], still, many [[classes]] and [[castes]] persist in the later [[state]] [[organizations]] as remnants of the [[clans]] and [[tribes]] of former days. The later and larger territorial states had a long and bitter [[struggle]] with these smaller consanguineous [[clan]] [[groups]], the tribal [[government]] proving a valuable [[transition]] from [[family]] to [[state]] [[authority]]. During later times many clans grew out of trades and other [[industrial]] [[associations]].

71:1.16 Failure of state integration results in retrogression to prestate conditions of governmental techniques, such as the feudalism of the European Middle Ages. During these dark ages the territorial state collapsed, and there was a reversion to the small castle groups, the reappearance of the clan and tribal stages of development. Similar semistates even now exist in Asia and Africa, but not all of them are evolutionary reversions; many are the embryonic nucleuses of states of the future.

71:1.16 [[Failure]] of [[state]] [[integration]] results in retrogression to prestate conditions of [[governmental]] [[techniques]], such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism feudalism] of the European [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages]. During these dark ages the territorial state collapsed, and there was a reversion to the small castle [[groups]], the reappearance of the [[clan]] and [[tribal]] [[stages]] of [[development]]. Similar semistates even now exist in Asia and Africa, but not all of them are [[evolutionary]] reversions; many are the embryonic [[nucleus]]es of [[states]] of the [[future]].

71:2. THE EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT     Listen to audio recording of this section

==71:2. THE EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT==

71:2.1 Democracy, while an ideal, is a product of civilization, not of evolution. Go slowly! select carefully! for the dangers of democracy are:

71:2.1 Democracy, while an ideal, is a product of civilization, not of evolution. Go slowly! select carefully! for the dangers of democracy are: