Changes

82:1.1 Notwithstanding the [[personality]] [[Difference|gulf]] between [[men]] and [[women]], the [[sex]] urge is sufficient to insure their coming [[together]] for the [[reproduction]] of the [[species]]. This [[instinct]] operated [[effectively]] long before [[humans]] [[experienced]] much of what was later called [[love]], [[devotion]], and marital [[loyalty]]. [[Mating]] is an [[innate]] [[propensity]], and marriage is its [[evolutionary]] [[social]] [[repercussion]].

82:1.1 Notwithstanding the [[personality]] [[Difference|gulf]] between [[men]] and [[women]], the [[sex]] urge is sufficient to insure their coming [[together]] for the [[reproduction]] of the [[species]]. This [[instinct]] operated [[effectively]] long before [[humans]] [[experienced]] much of what was later called [[love]], [[devotion]], and marital [[loyalty]]. [[Mating]] is an [[innate]] [[propensity]], and marriage is its [[evolutionary]] [[social]] [[repercussion]].

82:1.2 [[Sex]] interest and [[desire]] were not [[dominating]] [[passions]] in [[primitive]] peoples; they simply took them for granted. The entire [[reproductive]] [[experience]] was free from [[imaginative]] embellishment. The all-absorbing [[sex]] [[passion]] of the more highly civilized peoples is chiefly due to [[Amalgamation|race mixtures]], especially where the [[evolutionary]] [[nature]] has been [[stimulated]] by the [[associative]] [[imagination]] and [[beauty]] [[appreciation]] of the [[Nodites]] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites]. But this [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[inheritance]] was [[absorbed]] by the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 evolutionary races] in such [[limited]] amounts as to fail to provide sufficient [[self]]-[[control]] for the [[animal]] [[passions]] thus quickened and aroused by the [[endowment]] of keener [[sex]] [[consciousness]] and stronger [[mating]] urges. Of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA evolutionary races], the red man had the highest [[sex]] [[Mores|code]].

82:1.2 [[Sex]] interest and [[desire]] were not [[dominating]] [[passions]] in [[primitive]] peoples; they simply took them for granted. The entire [[reproductive]] [[experience]] was free from [[imaginative]] embellishment. The all-absorbing [[sex]] [[passion]] of the more highly civilized peoples is chiefly due to [[Amalgamation|race mixtures]], especially where the [[evolutionary]] [[nature]] has been [[stimulated]] by the [[associative]] [[imagination]] and [[beauty]] [[appreciation]] of the [[Nodites]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites]. But this [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[inheritance]] was [[absorbed]] by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 evolutionary races] in such [[limited]] amounts as to fail to provide sufficient [[self]]-[[control]] for the [[animal]] [[passions]] thus quickened and aroused by the [[endowment]] of keener [[sex]] [[consciousness]] and stronger [[mating]] urges. Of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA evolutionary races], the red man had the highest [[sex]] [[Mores|code]].

82:1.3 The [[regulation]] of [[sex]] in [[relation]] to marriage indicates:

82:1.3 The [[regulation]] of [[sex]] in [[relation]] to marriage indicates:

82:1.4 1. ''The relative progress of civilization''. [[Civilization]] has increasingly demanded that [[sex]] be [[gratified]] in useful [[channels]] and in [[accordance]] with the [[mores]].

82:1.4 1. ''The relative progress of civilization''. [[Civilization]] has increasingly demanded that [[sex]] be [[gratified]] in useful [[channels]] and in [[accordance]] with the [[mores]].

82:1.5 2. The amount of [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] stock in any people. Among such groups [[sex]] has become [[expressive]] of both the highest and the lowest in both the [[physical]] and [[emotional]] natures.

82:1.5 2. The amount of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] stock in any people. Among such groups [[sex]] has become [[expressive]] of both the highest and the lowest in both the [[physical]] and [[emotional]] natures.

82:1.6 The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races] had [[normal]] [[animal]] [[passion]], but they displayed little [[imagination]] or [[appreciation]] of the [[beauty]] and [[physical]] attractiveness of the [[opposite]] [[sex]]. What is called [[sex]] [[Attraction|appeal]] is virtually [[absent]] even in present-day [[primitive]] [[races]]; these unmixed peoples have a definite [[mating]] [[instinct]] but insufficient sex attraction to create serious [[problems]] requiring [[social]] [[control]].

82:1.6 The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races] had [[normal]] [[animal]] [[passion]], but they displayed little [[imagination]] or [[appreciation]] of the [[beauty]] and [[physical]] attractiveness of the [[opposite]] [[sex]]. What is called [[sex]] [[Attraction|appeal]] is virtually [[absent]] even in present-day [[primitive]] [[races]]; these unmixed peoples have a definite [[mating]] [[instinct]] but insufficient sex attraction to create serious [[problems]] requiring [[social]] [[control]].

82:1.7 The [[mating]] [[instinct]] is one of the [[dominant]] [[physical]] driving [[forces]] of [[human beings]]; it is the one [[emotion]] which, in the [[guise]] of [[individual]] [[gratification]], effectively tricks [[selfish]] man into putting [[race]] welfare and [[perpetuation]] high above [[individual]] ease and [[personal]] [[freedom]] from [[responsibility]].

82:1.7 The [[mating]] [[instinct]] is one of the [[dominant]] [[physical]] driving [[forces]] of [[human beings]]; it is the one [[emotion]] which, in the [[guise]] of [[individual]] [[gratification]], effectively tricks [[selfish]] man into putting [[race]] welfare and [[perpetuation]] high above [[individual]] ease and [[personal]] [[freedom]] from [[responsibility]].

82:2.1 The [[story]] of the [[evolution]] of [[marriage]] is simply the [[history]] of [[sex]] [[control]] through the [[pressure]] of [[social]], [[religious]], and [[civil]] restrictions. [[Nature]] hardly [[recognizes]] [[individuals]]; it takes no cognizance of so-called [[morals]]; it is only and exclusively interested in the [[reproduction]] of the [[species]]. [[Nature]] compellingly insists on [[reproduction]] but indifferently leaves the consequential [[problems]] to be solved by [[society]], thus creating an ever-present and major [[problem]] for [[evolutionary]] [[mankind]]. This [[social]] [[conflict]] consists in the unending [[war]] between basic [[instincts]] and evolving [[ethics]].

82:2.1 The [[story]] of the [[evolution]] of [[marriage]] is simply the [[history]] of [[sex]] [[control]] through the [[pressure]] of [[social]], [[religious]], and [[civil]] restrictions. [[Nature]] hardly [[recognizes]] [[individuals]]; it takes no cognizance of so-called [[morals]]; it is only and exclusively interested in the [[reproduction]] of the [[species]]. [[Nature]] compellingly insists on [[reproduction]] but indifferently leaves the consequential [[problems]] to be solved by [[society]], thus creating an ever-present and major [[problem]] for [[evolutionary]] [[mankind]]. This [[social]] [[conflict]] consists in the unending [[war]] between basic [[instincts]] and evolving [[ethics]].

82:2.2 Among the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 early races] there was little or no [[regulation]] of the [[relations]] of the sexes. Because of this [[sex]] [[license]], no [[prostitution]] existed. Today, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies Pygmies] and other backward [[groups]] have no [[marriage]] [[institution]]; a [[study]] of these peoples reveals the simple [[mating]] customs followed by [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 primitive races]. But all [[ancient]] peoples should always be [[studied]] and [[judged]] in the light of the [[moral]] [[standards]] of the [[mores]] of their own times.

82:2.2 Among the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 early races] there was little or no [[regulation]] of the [[relations]] of the sexes. Because of this [[sex]] [[license]], no [[prostitution]] existed. Today, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies Pygmies] and other backward [[groups]] have no [[marriage]] [[institution]]; a [[study]] of these peoples reveals the simple [[mating]] customs followed by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 primitive races]. But all [[ancient]] peoples should always be [[studied]] and [[judged]] in the light of the [[moral]] [[standards]] of the [[mores]] of their own times.

82:2.3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_love Free love], however, has never been in good standing above the [[scale]] of rank [[savagery]]. The moment societal [[groups]] began to [[form]], [[marriage]] codes and marital restrictions began to [[develop]]. [[Mating]] has thus [[progressed]] through a multitude of [[transitions]] from a [[state]] of almost complete [[sex]] [[license]] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth-century] [[standards]] of [[relatively]] complete [[sex]] [[Control|restriction]].

82:2.3 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_love Free love], however, has never been in good standing above the [[scale]] of rank [[savagery]]. The moment societal [[groups]] began to [[form]], [[marriage]] codes and marital restrictions began to [[develop]]. [[Mating]] has thus [[progressed]] through a multitude of [[transitions]] from a [[state]] of almost complete [[sex]] [[license]] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth-century] [[standards]] of [[relatively]] complete [[sex]] [[Control|restriction]].

82:2.4 In the earliest [[stages]] of [[tribal]] [[development]] the [[mores]] and restrictive [[taboos]] were very crude, but they did keep the sexes apart—this favored [[quiet]], order, and [[industry]]—and the long [[evolution]] of [[marriage]] and the [[home]] had begun. The [[sex]] [[customs]] of [[dress]], adornment, and [[religious]] [[practices]] had their [[origin]] in these early [[taboos]] which defined the range of [[sex]] liberties and thus [[eventually]] created [[concepts]] of [[vice]], [[crime]], and [[sin]]. But it was long the [[practice]] to suspend all [[sex]] regulations on high festival days, especially [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day May Day].

82:2.4 In the earliest [[stages]] of [[tribal]] [[development]] the [[mores]] and restrictive [[taboos]] were very crude, but they did keep the sexes apart—this favored [[quiet]], order, and [[industry]]—and the long [[evolution]] of [[marriage]] and the [[home]] had begun. The [[sex]] [[customs]] of [[dress]], adornment, and [[religious]] [[practices]] had their [[origin]] in these early [[taboos]] which defined the range of [[sex]] liberties and thus [[eventually]] created [[concepts]] of [[vice]], [[crime]], and [[sin]]. But it was long the [[practice]] to suspend all [[sex]] regulations on high festival days, especially [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day May Day].

82:2.5 [[Women]] have always been subject to more restrictive [[taboos]] than [[men]]. The early [[mores]] granted the same [[degree]] of [[sex]] [[liberty]] to unmarried [[women]] as to [[men]], but it has always been required of [[wives]] that they be [[faithful]] to their [[husband]]s. [[Primitive]] [[marriage]] did not much curtail man's sex liberties, but it did render further [[sex]] license [[taboo]] to the [[wife]]. Married women have always borne some mark which set them apart as a class by themselves, such as hairdress, clothing, veil, seclusion, ornamentation, and rings.

82:2.5 [[Women]] have always been subject to more restrictive [[taboos]] than [[men]]. The early [[mores]] granted the same [[degree]] of [[sex]] [[liberty]] to unmarried [[women]] as to [[men]], but it has always been required of [[wives]] that they be [[faithful]] to their [[husband]]s. [[Primitive]] [[marriage]] did not much curtail man's sex liberties, but it did render further [[sex]] license [[taboo]] to the [[wife]]. Married women have always borne some mark which set them apart as a class by themselves, such as hairdress, clothing, veil, seclusion, ornamentation, and rings.

82:3.1 [[Marriage]] is the [[institutional]] [[response]] of the [[social]] [[organism]] to the ever-present [[biologic]] [[tension]] of man's unremitting urge to [[reproduction]]—self-propagation. [[Mating]] is [[universally]] [[natural]], and as [[society]] evolved from the [[simple]] to the [[complex]], there was a [[corresponding]] evolution of the [[mating]] [[mores]], the [[genesis]] of the marital institution. Wherever [[social]] [[evolution]] has progressed to the [[stage]] at which mores are generated, [[marriage]] will be found as an [[evolving]] [[institution]].

82:3.1 [[Marriage]] is the [[institutional]] [[response]] of the [[social]] [[organism]] to the ever-present [[biologic]] [[tension]] of man's unremitting urge to [[reproduction]]—self-propagation. [[Mating]] is [[universally]] [[natural]], and as [[society]] evolved from the [[simple]] to the [[complex]], there was a [[corresponding]] evolution of the [[mating]] [[mores]], the [[genesis]] of the marital institution. Wherever [[social]] [[evolution]] has progressed to the [[stage]] at which mores are generated, [[marriage]] will be found as an [[evolving]] [[institution]].

82:3.2 There always have been and always will be two distinct realms of [[marriage]]: the [[mores]], the [[laws]] regulating the external aspects of [[mating]], and the otherwise [[secret]] and [[personal]] relations of [[men]] and [[women]]. Always has the [[individual]] been rebellious against the [[sex]] regulations imposed by [[society]]; and this is the reason for this agelong [[sex]] [[problem]]: Self-maintenance is [[individual]] but is carried on by the [[group]]; self-perpetuation is [[social]] but is secured by [[individual]] impulse.[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_69#69:1._BASIC_HUMAN_INSTITUTIONS]

82:3.2 There always have been and always will be two distinct realms of [[marriage]]: the [[mores]], the [[laws]] regulating the external aspects of [[mating]], and the otherwise [[secret]] and [[personal]] relations of [[men]] and [[women]]. Always has the [[individual]] been rebellious against the [[sex]] regulations imposed by [[society]]; and this is the reason for this agelong [[sex]] [[problem]]: Self-maintenance is [[individual]] but is carried on by the [[group]]; self-perpetuation is [[social]] but is secured by [[individual]] impulse.[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_69#69:1._BASIC_HUMAN_INSTITUTIONS]

82:3.3 The [[mores]], when respected, have ample [[power]] to restrain and [[control]] the [[sex]] urge, as has been shown among all races. [[Marriage]] [[standards]] have always been a true indicator of the current [[power]] of the [[mores]] and the functional [[integrity]] of the civil [[government]]. But the early [[sex]] and [[mating]] mores were a mass of inconsistent and crude regulations. [[Parents]], [[children]], relatives, and [[society]] all had [[conflict]]ing interests in the [[marriage]] regulations. But in spite of all this, those races which exalted and practiced marriage naturally evolved to higher [[levels]] and [[survived]] in increased numbers.

82:3.3 The [[mores]], when respected, have ample [[power]] to restrain and [[control]] the [[sex]] urge, as has been shown among all races. [[Marriage]] [[standards]] have always been a true indicator of the current [[power]] of the [[mores]] and the functional [[integrity]] of the civil [[government]]. But the early [[sex]] and [[mating]] mores were a mass of inconsistent and crude regulations. [[Parents]], [[children]], relatives, and [[society]] all had [[conflict]]ing interests in the [[marriage]] regulations. But in spite of all this, those races which exalted and practiced marriage naturally evolved to higher [[levels]] and [[survived]] in increased numbers.

82:3.4 In [[primitive]] times [[marriage]] was the price of [[Social status|social]] standing; the [[possession]] of a [[wife]] was a badge of distinction. The [[savage]] looked upon his wedding day as marking his entrance upon [[responsibility]] and [[manhood]]. In one age, [[marriage]] has been looked upon as a [[social]] [[duty]]; in another, as a [[religious]] [[obligation]]; and in still another, as a [[political]] requirement to provide [[citizens]] for the [[state]].

82:3.4 In [[primitive]] times [[marriage]] was the price of [[Social status|social]] standing; the [[possession]] of a [[wife]] was a badge of distinction. The [[savage]] looked upon his wedding day as marking his entrance upon [[responsibility]] and [[manhood]]. In one age, [[marriage]] has been looked upon as a [[social]] [[duty]]; in another, as a [[religious]] [[obligation]]; and in still another, as a [[political]] requirement to provide [[citizens]] for the [[state]].

82:3.5 Many early [[tribes]] required feats of stealing as a qualification for [[marriage]]; later peoples substituted for such raiding forays, [[athletic]] [[contests]] and [[competitive]] [[games]]. The winners in these contests were awarded the first prize—choice of the season's brides. Among the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headhunting head-hunters]] a [[youth]] might not marry until he [[possessed]] at least one head, although such skulls were sometimes purchasable. As the buying of [[wives]] declined, they were won by riddle contests, a [[practice]] that still survives among many [[groups]] of the black man.

82:3.5 Many early [[tribes]] required feats of stealing as a qualification for [[marriage]]; later peoples substituted for such raiding forays, [[athletic]] [[contests]] and [[competitive]] [[games]]. The winners in these contests were awarded the first prize—choice of the season's brides. Among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headhunting head-hunters] a [[youth]] might not marry until he [[possessed]] at least one head, although such skulls were sometimes purchasable. As the buying of [[wives]] declined, they were won by riddle contests, a [[practice]] that still survives among many [[groups]] of the black man.

82:3.6 With advancing [[civilization]], certain [[tribes]] put the severe [[marriage]] tests of [[male]] [[endurance]] in the hands of the [[women]]; they thus were able to [[favor]] the men of their [[choice]]. These marriage tests [[embraced]] [[skill]] in [[hunting]], fighting, and [[ability]] to provide for a [[family]]. The groom was long required to enter the bride's [[family]] for at least one year, there to live and labor and prove that he was [[worthy]] of the wife he sought.

82:3.6 With advancing [[civilization]], certain [[tribes]] put the severe [[marriage]] tests of [[male]] [[endurance]] in the hands of the [[women]]; they thus were able to [[favor]] the men of their [[choice]]. These marriage tests [[embraced]] [[skill]] in [[hunting]], fighting, and [[ability]] to provide for a [[family]]. The groom was long required to enter the bride's [[family]] for at least one year, there to live and labor and prove that he was [[worthy]] of the wife he sought.

82:3.7 The qualifications of a [[wife]] were the ability to [[perform]] hard [[work]] and to bear [[children]]. She was required to [[execute]] a certain piece of [[agricultural]] work within a given time. And if she had borne a child before marriage, she was all the more valuable; her [[fertility]] was thus [[assured]].

82:3.7 The qualifications of a [[wife]] were the ability to [[perform]] hard [[work]] and to bear [[children]]. She was required to [[execute]] a certain piece of [[agricultural]] work within a given time. And if she had borne a child before marriage, she was all the more valuable; her [[fertility]] was thus [[assured]].

82:3.8 The [[fact]] that [[ancient]] peoples regarded it as a disgrace, or even a [[sin]], not to be married, explains the [[origin]] of child marriages; since one must be married, the earlier the better. It was also a general belief that unmarried persons could not enter spiritland, and this was a further incentive to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_marriages child marriages] even at [[birth]] and sometimes before birth, [[contingent]] upon [[sex]]. The ancients believed that even the dead must be married. The [[original]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchmakers matchmakers] were employed to [[negotiate]] marriages for deceased individuals. One [[parent]] would arrange for these intermediaries to [[effect]] the marriage of a dead son with a dead daughter of another [[family]].

82:3.8 The [[fact]] that [[ancient]] peoples regarded it as a disgrace, or even a [[sin]], not to be married, explains the [[origin]] of child marriages; since one must be married, the earlier the better. It was also a general belief that unmarried persons could not enter spiritland, and this was a further incentive to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_marriages child marriages] even at [[birth]] and sometimes before birth, [[contingent]] upon [[sex]]. The ancients believed that even the dead must be married. The [[original]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchmakers matchmakers] were employed to [[negotiate]] marriages for deceased individuals. One [[parent]] would arrange for these intermediaries to [[effect]] the marriage of a dead son with a dead daughter of another [[family]].

82:3.9 Among later peoples, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] was the common age of [[marriage]], but this has advanced in direct [[proportion]] to the [[progress]] of [[civilization]]. Early in [[social]] [[evolution]] peculiar and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celibate celibate] orders of both men and women arose; they were started and [[maintained]] by [[individuals]] more or less lacking [[normal]] sex urge.

82:3.9 Among later peoples, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] was the common age of [[marriage]], but this has advanced in direct [[proportion]] to the [[progress]] of [[civilization]]. Early in [[social]] [[evolution]] peculiar and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celibate celibate] orders of both men and women arose; they were started and [[maintained]] by [[individuals]] more or less lacking [[normal]] sex urge.

82:3.10 Many [[tribes]] allowed members of the ruling [[group]] to have [[sex]] relations with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride bride] just before she was to be given to her [[husband]]. Each of these men would give the girl a present, and this was the [[origin]] of the custom of giving wedding presents. Among some [[groups]] it was expected that a young woman would earn her [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowry dowry], which consisted of the presents received in reward for her [[sex]] [[service]] in the bride's exhibition hall.

82:3.10 Many [[tribes]] allowed members of the ruling [[group]] to have [[sex]] relations with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride bride] just before she was to be given to her [[husband]]. Each of these men would give the girl a present, and this was the [[origin]] of the custom of giving wedding presents. Among some [[groups]] it was expected that a young woman would earn her [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowry dowry], which consisted of the presents received in reward for her [[sex]] [[service]] in the bride's exhibition hall.

82:3.11 Some [[tribes]] married the young men to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widows] and older women and then, when they were subsequently left widowers, would allow them to marry the young girls, thus insuring, as they [[expressed]] it, that both [[parents]] would not be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foolishness fools], as they conceived would be the case if two [[youths]] were allowed to [[mate]]. Other [[tribes]] limited mating to similar age groups. It was the [[limitation]] of marriage to certain age [[groups]] that first gave [[origin]] to [[ideas]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incest incest]. (In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India] there are even now no age restrictions on marriage.)

82:3.11 Some [[tribes]] married the young men to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widows] and older women and then, when they were subsequently left widowers, would allow them to marry the young girls, thus insuring, as they [[expressed]] it, that both [[parents]] would not be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foolishness fools], as they conceived would be the case if two [[youths]] were allowed to [[mate]]. Other [[tribes]] limited mating to similar age groups. It was the [[limitation]] of marriage to certain age [[groups]] that first gave [[origin]] to [[ideas]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incest incest]. (In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India] there are even now no age restrictions on marriage.)

82:3.12 Under certain [[mores]] widowhood was greatly to be feared, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widows] being either killed or allowed to commit [[suicide]] on their [[husband]]s' graves, for they were supposed to go over into spiritland with their spouses. The surviving widow was almost invariably blamed for her husband's [[death]]. Some [[tribes]] burned them alive. If a widow continued to live, her life was one of continuous [[mourning]] and unbearable [[social]] restriction since remarriage was generally disapproved.

82:3.12 Under certain [[mores]] widowhood was greatly to be feared, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widows] being either killed or allowed to commit [[suicide]] on their [[husband]]s' graves, for they were supposed to go over into spiritland with their spouses. The surviving widow was almost invariably blamed for her husband's [[death]]. Some [[tribes]] burned them alive. If a widow continued to live, her life was one of continuous [[mourning]] and unbearable [[social]] restriction since remarriage was generally disapproved.

82:3.13 In olden days many [[practices]] now regarded as immoral were [[encouraged]]. Primitive wives not infrequently took great [[pride]] in their [[husband]]s' affairs with other [[women]]. [[Chastity]] in girls was a great hindrance to marriage; the bearing of a child before marriage greatly increased a girl's desirability as a wife since the man was sure of having a [[fertile]] companion.

82:3.13 In olden days many [[practices]] now regarded as immoral were [[encouraged]]. Primitive wives not infrequently took great [[pride]] in their [[husband]]s' affairs with other [[women]]. [[Chastity]] in girls was a great hindrance to marriage; the bearing of a child before marriage greatly increased a girl's desirability as a wife since the man was sure of having a [[fertile]] companion.

82:4.2 [[Primitive]] [[marriage]] was an investment, an [[economic]] [[speculation]]; it was more a matter of [[business]] than an affair of [[flirtation]]. The [[ancients]] married for the advantage and [[welfare]] of the [[group]]; wherefore their marriages were [[planned]] and arranged by the [[group]], their [[parents]] and [[elders]]. And that the [[property]] [[mores]] were [[effective]] in [[stabilizing]] the [[marriage]] [[institution]] is borne out by the fact that marriage was more permanent among the early [[tribes]] than it is among many [[modern]] peoples.

82:4.2 [[Primitive]] [[marriage]] was an investment, an [[economic]] [[speculation]]; it was more a matter of [[business]] than an affair of [[flirtation]]. The [[ancients]] married for the advantage and [[welfare]] of the [[group]]; wherefore their marriages were [[planned]] and arranged by the [[group]], their [[parents]] and [[elders]]. And that the [[property]] [[mores]] were [[effective]] in [[stabilizing]] the [[marriage]] [[institution]] is borne out by the fact that marriage was more permanent among the early [[tribes]] than it is among many [[modern]] peoples.

82:4.3 As [[civilization]] advanced and [[private]] [[property]] gained further recognition in the [[mores]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealing stealing] became the great [[crime]]. [[Adultery]] was recognized as a form of stealing, an infringement of the [[husband]]'s [[property]] [[rights]]; it is not therefore specifically mentioned in the earlier codes and mores. [[Woman]] started out as the [[property]] of her [[father]], who [[transferred]] his title to her [[husband]], and all legalized [[sex]] [[relations]] grew out of these pre-existent [[property]] [[rights]]. The [[Old Testament]] deals with [[women]] as a form of [[property]]; the [[Koran]] teaches their inferiority. Man had the right to lend his wife to a [[friend]] or guest, and this [[custom]] still obtains among certain peoples.

82:4.3 As [[civilization]] advanced and [[private]] [[property]] gained further recognition in the [[mores]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealing stealing] became the great [[crime]]. [[Adultery]] was recognized as a form of stealing, an infringement of the [[husband]]'s [[property]] [[rights]]; it is not therefore specifically mentioned in the earlier codes and mores. [[Woman]] started out as the [[property]] of her [[father]], who [[transferred]] his title to her [[husband]], and all legalized [[sex]] [[relations]] grew out of these pre-existent [[property]] [[rights]]. The [[Old Testament]] deals with [[women]] as a form of [[property]]; the [[Koran]] teaches their inferiority. Man had the right to lend his wife to a [[friend]] or guest, and this [[custom]] still obtains among certain peoples.

82:4.4 [[Modern]] [[sex]] [[jealousy]] is not [[innate]]; it is a product of the evolving [[mores]]. [[Primitive]] man was not [[jealous]] of his wife; he was just guarding his [[property]]. The reason for holding the wife to stricter [[sex]] account than the husband was because her marital infidelity involved descent and [[inheritance]]. Very early in the march of [[civilization]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate_child illegitimate child] fell into disrepute. At first only the [[woman]] was punished for [[adultery]]; later on, the [[mores]] also [[decreed]] the chastisement of her [[partner]], and for long ages the offended [[husband]] or the protector [[father]] had the full right to kill the [[male]] trespasser. [[Modern]] peoples retain these [[mores]], which allow so-called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing crimes of honor] under the unwritten law.

82:4.4 [[Modern]] [[sex]] [[jealousy]] is not [[innate]]; it is a product of the evolving [[mores]]. [[Primitive]] man was not [[jealous]] of his wife; he was just guarding his [[property]]. The reason for holding the wife to stricter [[sex]] account than the husband was because her marital infidelity involved descent and [[inheritance]]. Very early in the march of [[civilization]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate_child illegitimate child] fell into disrepute. At first only the [[woman]] was punished for [[adultery]]; later on, the [[mores]] also [[decreed]] the chastisement of her [[partner]], and for long ages the offended [[husband]] or the protector [[father]] had the full right to kill the [[male]] trespasser. [[Modern]] peoples retain these [[mores]], which allow so-called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing crimes of honor] under the unwritten law.

82:4.5 Since the [[chastity]] [[taboo]] had its [[origin]] as a [[phase]] of the [[property]] [[mores]], it applied at first to married women but not to unmarried girls. In later years, [[chastity]] was more demanded by the [[father]] than by the suitor; a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin virgin] was a commercial [[asset]] to the [[father]]—she brought a higher price. As [[chastity]] came more into demand, it was the [[practice]] to pay the father a bride fee in recognition of the service of properly rearing a chaste bride for the husband-to-be. When once started, this [[idea]] of [[female]] [[chastity]] took such hold on the races that it became the [[practice]] [[literally]] to cage up girls, actually to imprison them for years, in order to [[assure]] their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginity virginity]. And so the more recent [[standards]] and virginity tests [[automatically]] gave [[origin]] to the [[professional]] [[prostitute]] classes; they were the rejected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride brides], those [[women]] who were found by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom grooms]' mothers not to be virgins.

82:4.5 Since the [[chastity]] [[taboo]] had its [[origin]] as a [[phase]] of the [[property]] [[mores]], it applied at first to married women but not to unmarried girls. In later years, [[chastity]] was more demanded by the [[father]] than by the suitor; a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin virgin] was a commercial [[asset]] to the [[father]]—she brought a higher price. As [[chastity]] came more into demand, it was the [[practice]] to pay the father a bride fee in recognition of the service of properly rearing a chaste bride for the husband-to-be. When once started, this [[idea]] of [[female]] [[chastity]] took such hold on the races that it became the [[practice]] [[literally]] to cage up girls, actually to imprison them for years, in order to [[assure]] their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginity virginity]. And so the more recent [[standards]] and virginity tests [[automatically]] gave [[origin]] to the [[professional]] [[prostitute]] classes; they were the rejected [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride brides], those [[women]] who were found by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom grooms]' mothers not to be virgins.

==82:5. ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY==

==82:5. ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY==

82:5.1 Very early the [[savage]] [[observed]] that race mixture improved the [[quality]] of the [[offspring]]. It was not that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding] was always bad, but that outbreeding was always [[comparatively]] better; therefore the [[mores]] tended to crystallize in restriction of [[sex]] [[relations]] among near [[Family|relatives]]. It was recognized that outbreeding greatly increased the selective [[opportunity]] for [[evolutionary]] variation and advancement. The outbred [[individuals]] were more [[versatile]] and had greater [[ability]] to [[survive]] in a hostile world; the inbreeders, together with their [[mores]], gradually disappeared. This was all a slow [[development]]; the [[savage]] did not consciously reason about such [[problems]]. But the later and advancing peoples did, and they also made the [[observation]] that general weakness sometimes resulted from excessive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding].

82:5.1 Very early the [[savage]] [[observed]] that race mixture improved the [[quality]] of the [[offspring]]. It was not that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding] was always bad, but that outbreeding was always [[comparatively]] better; therefore the [[mores]] tended to crystallize in restriction of [[sex]] [[relations]] among near [[Family|relatives]]. It was recognized that outbreeding greatly increased the selective [[opportunity]] for [[evolutionary]] variation and advancement. The outbred [[individuals]] were more [[versatile]] and had greater [[ability]] to [[survive]] in a hostile world; the inbreeders, together with their [[mores]], gradually disappeared. This was all a slow [[development]]; the [[savage]] did not consciously reason about such [[problems]]. But the later and advancing peoples did, and they also made the [[observation]] that general weakness sometimes resulted from excessive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding].

82:5.2 While the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding] of good stock sometimes resulted in the upbuilding of strong [[tribes]], the spectacular cases of the bad results of the inbreeding of [[hereditary]] [[defectives]] more forcibly impressed the [[mind]] of man, with the result that the advancing [[mores]] increasingly formulated [[taboos]] against all [[marriages]] among near relatives.

82:5.2 While the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding inbreeding] of good stock sometimes resulted in the upbuilding of strong [[tribes]], the spectacular cases of the bad results of the inbreeding of [[hereditary]] [[defectives]] more forcibly impressed the [[mind]] of man, with the result that the advancing [[mores]] increasingly formulated [[taboos]] against all [[marriages]] among near relatives.

82:5.3 [[Religion]] has long been an [[effective]] barrier against [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]; many [[religious]] teachings have proscribed [[marriage]] outside the [[faith]]. [[Woman]] has usually favored the [[practice]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage]; man, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]. [[Property]] has always [[influenced]] [[marriage]], and sometimes, in an [[effort]] to conserve [[property]] within a [[clan]], mores have arisen compelling [[women]] to choose [[husbands]] within their [[fathers]]' [[tribes]]. Rulings of this sort led to a great multiplication of cousin marriages. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding In-mating] was also [[practiced]] in an [[effort]] to preserve craft [[secrets]]; [[skilled]] workmen sought to keep the [[knowledge]] of their craft within the [[family]].

82:5.3 [[Religion]] has long been an [[effective]] barrier against [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]; many [[religious]] teachings have proscribed [[marriage]] outside the [[faith]]. [[Woman]] has usually favored the [[practice]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage]; man, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]. [[Property]] has always [[influenced]] [[marriage]], and sometimes, in an [[effort]] to conserve [[property]] within a [[clan]], mores have arisen compelling [[women]] to choose [[husbands]] within their [[fathers]]' [[tribes]]. Rulings of this sort led to a great multiplication of cousin marriages. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding In-mating] was also [[practiced]] in an [[effort]] to preserve craft [[secrets]]; [[skilled]] workmen sought to keep the [[knowledge]] of their craft within the [[family]].

82:5.4 Superior groups, when [[isolated]], always reverted to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consanguineous consanguineous] [[mating]]. The [[Nodites]] for over one hundred and fifty thousand years were one of the great [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage] groups. The later-day in-marriage [[mores]] were tremendously [[influenced]] by the [[traditions]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race], in which, at first, [[matings]] were, perforce, between brother and sister. And brother and sister [[marriages]] were common in early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt Egypt], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria Syria], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia], and throughout the lands once occupied by the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt Egyptians] long practiced brother and sister marriages in an [[effort]] to keep the royal blood [[pure]], a [[custom]] which persisted even longer in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia Persia]. Among the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamians], before the days of [[Abraham]], cousin marriages were [[obligatory]]; cousins had prior marriage rights to cousins. [[Abraham]] himself married his half sister, but such unions were not allowed under the later [[mores]] of the [[Jews]].

82:5.4 Superior groups, when [[isolated]], always reverted to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consanguineous consanguineous] [[mating]]. The [[Nodites]] for over one hundred and fifty thousand years were one of the great [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage] groups. The later-day in-marriage [[mores]] were tremendously [[influenced]] by the [[traditions]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race], in which, at first, [[matings]] were, perforce, between brother and sister. And brother and sister [[marriages]] were common in early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt Egypt], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria Syria], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia], and throughout the lands once occupied by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt Egyptians] long practiced brother and sister marriages in an [[effort]] to keep the royal blood [[pure]], a [[custom]] which persisted even longer in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia Persia]. Among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamians], before the days of [[Abraham]], cousin marriages were [[obligatory]]; cousins had prior marriage rights to cousins. [[Abraham]] himself married his half sister, but such unions were not allowed under the later [[mores]] of the [[Jews]].

82:5.5 The first move away from brother and sister marriages came about under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy plural-wife] [[mores]] because the sister-wife would arrogantly [[dominate]] the other wife or wives. Some tribal mores forbade [[marriage]] to a dead brother's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widow] but required the living brother to beget children for his departed brother. There is no [[biologic]] [[instinct]] against any [[degree]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage]; such restrictions are wholly a matter of [[taboo]].

82:5.5 The first move away from brother and sister marriages came about under the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy plural-wife] [[mores]] because the sister-wife would arrogantly [[dominate]] the other wife or wives. Some tribal mores forbade [[marriage]] to a dead brother's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widow] but required the living brother to beget children for his departed brother. There is no [[biologic]] [[instinct]] against any [[degree]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage]; such restrictions are wholly a matter of [[taboo]].

82:5.6 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OutbreedingOutmarriage] finally [[dominated]] because it was [[favored]] by the man; to get a [[wife]] from the outside insured greater [[freedom]] from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_%28law%29 in-laws]. Familiarity breeds [[contempt]]; so, as the element of [[individual]] [[choice]] began to [[dominate]] [[mating]], it became the [[custom]] to choose [[partners]] from outside the [[tribe]].

82:5.6 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OutbreedingOutmarriage] finally [[dominated]] because it was [[favored]] by the man; to get a [[wife]] from the outside insured greater [[freedom]] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_%28law%29 in-laws]. Familiarity breeds [[contempt]]; so, as the element of [[individual]] [[choice]] began to [[dominate]] [[mating]], it became the [[custom]] to choose [[partners]] from outside the [[tribe]].

82:5.7 Many [[tribes]] finally forbade [[marriages]] within the [[clan]]; others limited [[mating]] to certain [[castes]]. The [[taboo]] against marriage with a [[woman]] of one's own [[totem]] gave impetus to the [[custom]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theft stealing] women from [[neighboring]] tribes. Later on, marriages were regulated more in [[accordance]] with territorial residence than with kinship. There were many steps in the [[evolution]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage] into the [[modern]] [[practice]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]. Even after the [[taboo]] rested upon in-marriages for the common people, chiefs and [[kings]] were permitted to marry those of close kin in order to keep the royal blood [[concentrated]] and [[pure]]. The [[mores]] have usually permitted [[sovereign]] rulers certain [[license]]s in [[sex]] matters.

82:5.7 Many [[tribes]] finally forbade [[marriages]] within the [[clan]]; others limited [[mating]] to certain [[castes]]. The [[taboo]] against marriage with a [[woman]] of one's own [[totem]] gave impetus to the [[custom]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theft stealing] women from [[neighboring]] tribes. Later on, marriages were regulated more in [[accordance]] with territorial residence than with kinship. There were many steps in the [[evolution]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding in-marriage] into the [[modern]] [[practice]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage]. Even after the [[taboo]] rested upon in-marriages for the common people, chiefs and [[kings]] were permitted to marry those of close kin in order to keep the royal blood [[concentrated]] and [[pure]]. The [[mores]] have usually permitted [[sovereign]] rulers certain [[license]]s in [[sex]] matters.

82:5.8 The [[presence]] of the later [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] peoples had much to do with increasing the [[desire]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] races to [[mate]] outside their own [[tribes]]. But it was not possible for out-mating to become prevalent until [[neighboring]] [[groups]] had learned to live [[together]] in [[relative]] [[peace]].

82:5.8 The [[presence]] of the later [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] peoples had much to do with increasing the [[desire]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] races to [[mate]] outside their own [[tribes]]. But it was not possible for out-mating to become prevalent until [[neighboring]] [[groups]] had learned to live [[together]] in [[relative]] [[peace]].

82:5.9 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding Outmarriage] itself was a [[peace]] promoter; [[marriages]] between the [[tribes]] lessened [[hostilities]]. Outmarriage led to [[tribal]] [[co-ordination]] and to [[military]] alliances; it became [[dominant]] because it provided increased [[strength]]; it was a [[nation]] builder. Outmarriage was also greatly favored by increasing trade contacts; [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] contributed to the extension of the mating bounds and greatly [[facilitated]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogamy cross-fertilization] of racial [[cultures]].

82:5.9 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding Outmarriage] itself was a [[peace]] promoter; [[marriages]] between the [[tribes]] lessened [[hostilities]]. Outmarriage led to [[tribal]] [[co-ordination]] and to [[military]] alliances; it became [[dominant]] because it provided increased [[strength]]; it was a [[nation]] builder. Outmarriage was also greatly favored by increasing trade contacts; [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] contributed to the extension of the mating bounds and greatly [[facilitated]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogamy cross-fertilization] of racial [[cultures]].

82:5.10 The otherwise inexplicable inconsistencies of the racial [[marriage]] [[mores]] are largely due to this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage] [[custom]] with its accompanying wife stealing and buying from foreign tribes, all of which resulted in a compounding of the separate tribal [[mores]]. That these [[taboos]] respecting in-marriage were [[sociologic]], not [[biologic]], is well [[illustrated]] by the [[taboos]] on kinship marriages, which embraced many [[degrees]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_%28law%29 in-law] [[relationships]], cases representing no blood relation whatsoever.

82:5.10 The otherwise inexplicable inconsistencies of the racial [[marriage]] [[mores]] are largely due to this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding outmarriage] [[custom]] with its accompanying wife stealing and buying from foreign tribes, all of which resulted in a compounding of the separate tribal [[mores]]. That these [[taboos]] respecting in-marriage were [[sociologic]], not [[biologic]], is well [[illustrated]] by the [[taboos]] on kinship marriages, which embraced many [[degrees]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_%28law%29 in-law] [[relationships]], cases representing no blood relation whatsoever.

==82:6. RACIAL MIXTURES==

==82:6. RACIAL MIXTURES==

82:6.1 There are no [[pure]] [[races]] in the world today. The early and [[original]] evolutionary [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:5._ORIGIN_OF_THE_COLORED_RACES peoples of color] have only two [[representative]] races [[persisting]] in the world, the yellow man and the black man; and even these two races are much admixed with the extinct colored peoples. While the so-called [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white race] is predominantly descended from the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN ancient blue man], it is admixed more or less with all other races much as is the red man of the [[America]]s.

82:6.1 There are no [[pure]] [[races]] in the world today. The early and [[original]] evolutionary [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:5._ORIGIN_OF_THE_COLORED_RACES peoples of color] have only two [[representative]] races [[persisting]] in the world, the yellow man and the black man; and even these two races are much admixed with the extinct colored peoples. While the so-called [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white race] is predominantly descended from the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN ancient blue man], it is admixed more or less with all other races much as is the red man of the [[America]]s.

82:6.2 Of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA six colored Sangik races], three were primary and three were secondary. Though the primary races—blue, red, and yellow—were in many respects superior to the three secondary peoples, it should be remembered that these secondary races had many desirable traits which would have considerably enhanced the primary peoples if their better strains could have been [[absorbed]].

82:6.2 Of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA six colored Sangik races], three were primary and three were secondary. Though the primary races—blue, red, and yellow—were in many respects superior to the three secondary peoples, it should be remembered that these secondary races had many desirable traits which would have considerably enhanced the primary peoples if their better strains could have been [[absorbed]].

82:6.3 Present-day [[prejudice]] against "half-castes," "[[hybrids]]," and "mongrels" arises because [[modern]] racial [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_breeding crossbreeding] is, for the greater part, between the grossly inferior strains of the races concerned. You also get unsatisfactory [[offspring]] when the [[degenerate]] strains of the same race intermarry.

82:6.3 Present-day [[prejudice]] against "half-castes," "[[hybrids]]," and "mongrels" arises because [[modern]] racial [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_breeding crossbreeding] is, for the greater part, between the grossly inferior strains of the races concerned. You also get unsatisfactory [[offspring]] when the [[degenerate]] strains of the same race intermarry.

82:6.4 If the present-day [[races]] of [[Urantia]] could be freed from the [[curse]] of their lowest strata of deteriorated, antisocial, feeble-minded, and outcast specimens, there would be little objection to a [[limited]] race [[amalgamation]]. And if such racial mixtures could take place between the highest types of the several races, still less objection could be offered.

82:6.4 If the present-day [[races]] of [[Urantia]] could be freed from the [[curse]] of their lowest strata of deteriorated, antisocial, feeble-minded, and outcast specimens, there would be little objection to a [[limited]] race [[amalgamation]]. And if such racial mixtures could take place between the highest types of the several races, still less objection could be offered.

82:6.5 [[Hybridization]] of superior and dissimilar stocks is the [[secret]] of the [[creation]] of new and more [[vigorous]] strains. And this is true of [[plants]], [[animals]], and the [[human]] [[species]]. [[Hybridization]] augments [[vigor]] and increases [[fertility]]. Race mixtures of the [[average]] or superior strata of various peoples greatly increase [[creative]] [[potential]], as is shown in the present [[population]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]. When such matings take place between the lower or inferior strata, [[creativity]] is diminished, as is shown by the present-day peoples of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_India southern India].

82:6.5 [[Hybridization]] of superior and dissimilar stocks is the [[secret]] of the [[creation]] of new and more [[vigorous]] strains. And this is true of [[plants]], [[animals]], and the [[human]] [[species]]. [[Hybridization]] augments [[vigor]] and increases [[fertility]]. Race mixtures of the [[average]] or superior strata of various peoples greatly increase [[creative]] [[potential]], as is shown in the present [[population]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]. When such matings take place between the lower or inferior strata, [[creativity]] is diminished, as is shown by the present-day peoples of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_India southern India].

82:6.6 [[Race]] [[Amalgamation|blending]] greatly contributes to the sudden [[appearance]] of new characteristics, and if such [[hybridization]] is the [[union]] of superior strains, then these new characteristics will also be superior traits.

82:6.6 [[Race]] [[Amalgamation|blending]] greatly contributes to the sudden [[appearance]] of new characteristics, and if such [[hybridization]] is the [[union]] of superior strains, then these new characteristics will also be superior traits.

82:6.7 As long as present-day [[races]] are so overloaded with inferior and [[degenerate]] strains, race intermingling on a large [[scale]] would be most detrimental, but most of the objections to such [[experiments]] rest on [[social]] and [[cultural]] [[prejudices]] rather than on [[biological]] [[considerations]]. Even among inferior stocks, [[hybrids]] often are an improvement on their [[ancestors]]. Hybridization makes for [[species]] improvement because of the role of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_genes dominant genes]. Racial intermixture increases the likelihood of a larger number of the desirable dominants being present in the [[hybrid]].

82:6.7 As long as present-day [[races]] are so overloaded with inferior and [[degenerate]] strains, race intermingling on a large [[scale]] would be most detrimental, but most of the objections to such [[experiments]] rest on [[social]] and [[cultural]] [[prejudices]] rather than on [[biological]] [[considerations]]. Even among inferior stocks, [[hybrids]] often are an improvement on their [[ancestors]]. Hybridization makes for [[species]] improvement because of the role of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_genes dominant genes]. Racial intermixture increases the likelihood of a larger number of the desirable dominants being present in the [[hybrid]].

82:6.8 For the past hundred years more racial [[hybridization]] has been taking place on [[Urantia]] than has occurred in thousands of years. The [[danger]] of gross disharmonies as a result of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbreeding crossbreeding]] of human stocks has been greatly exaggerated. The chief troubles of " half-breeds " are due to [[social]] [[prejudices]].

82:6.8 For the past hundred years more racial [[hybridization]] has been taking place on [[Urantia]] than has occurred in thousands of years. The [[danger]] of gross disharmonies as a result of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbreeding crossbreeding]] of human stocks has been greatly exaggerated. The chief troubles of " half-breeds " are due to [[social]] [[prejudices]].

82:6.9 The [https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=38+Wm+and+Mary+L.+Rev.+649&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=ef76d5450159a3cc48a32888db53b073 Pitcairn experiment] of blending the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia Polynesian races] turned out fairly well because the white men and the Polynesian women were of fairly good racial strains. Interbreeding between the highest types of the white, red, and yellow races would [[immediately]] bring into [[existence]] many new and [[biologically]] [[effective]] characteristics. These three peoples belong to the primary [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races]. Mixtures of the white and black races are not so desirable in their [[immediate]] results, neither are such [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto mulatto] [[offspring]] so objectionable as [[social]] and racial [[prejudice]] would seek to make them appear. [[Physically]], such white-black [[hybrids]] are excellent specimens of [[humanity]], notwithstanding their slight inferiority in some other respects.

82:6.9 The [https://www.infoplease.com/spot/pitcairn.html#axzz0xI9adVIl Pitcairn experiment] of blending the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia Polynesian races] turned out fairly well because the white men and the Polynesian women were of fairly good racial strains. Interbreeding between the highest types of the white, red, and yellow races would [[immediately]] bring into [[existence]] many new and [[biologically]] [[effective]] characteristics. These three peoples belong to the primary [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races]. Mixtures of the white and black races are not so desirable in their [[immediate]] results, neither are such [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto mulatto] [[offspring]] so objectionable as [[social]] and racial [[prejudice]] would seek to make them appear. [[Physically]], such white-black [[hybrids]] are excellent specimens of [[humanity]], notwithstanding their slight inferiority in some other respects.

82:6.10 When a primary Sangik race [[amalgamates]] with a secondary Sangik race, the latter is considerably improved at the expense of the former. And on a small [[scale]]—extending over long periods of time—there can be little serious objection to such a [[sacrificial]] contribution by the primary races to the betterment of the secondary groups. [[Biologically]] considered, the secondary Sangiks were in some respects superior to the primary races.

82:6.10 When a primary Sangik race [[amalgamates]] with a secondary Sangik race, the latter is considerably improved at the expense of the former. And on a small [[scale]]—extending over long periods of time—there can be little serious objection to such a [[sacrificial]] contribution by the primary races to the betterment of the secondary groups. [[Biologically]] considered, the secondary Sangiks were in some respects superior to the primary races.

82:6.12 Presented by the Chief of [[Seraphim]] stationed on [[Urantia]].

82:6.12 Presented by the Chief of [[Seraphim]] stationed on [[Urantia]].

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[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]

[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]