Changes

83:1.2 The [[family]], which grows out of marriage, is itself a [[stabilizer]] of the marriage [[institution]] together with the [[property]] [[mores]]. Other potent [[factors]] in marriage [[stability]] are [[pride]], [[vanity]], [[chivalry]], [[duty]], and [[religious]] [[convictions]]. But while marriages may be approved or disapproved on high, they are hardly made in [[heaven]]. The [[human]] [[family]] is a distinctly human [[institution]], an [[evolutionary]] [[development]]. Marriage is an [[institution]] of [[society]], not a department of the [[church]]. True, [[religion]] should mightily [[influence]] it but should not undertake exclusively to [[control]] and regulate it.

83:1.2 The [[family]], which grows out of marriage, is itself a [[stabilizer]] of the marriage [[institution]] together with the [[property]] [[mores]]. Other potent [[factors]] in marriage [[stability]] are [[pride]], [[vanity]], [[chivalry]], [[duty]], and [[religious]] [[convictions]]. But while marriages may be approved or disapproved on high, they are hardly made in [[heaven]]. The [[human]] [[family]] is a distinctly human [[institution]], an [[evolutionary]] [[development]]. Marriage is an [[institution]] of [[society]], not a department of the [[church]]. True, [[religion]] should mightily [[influence]] it but should not undertake exclusively to [[control]] and regulate it.

83:1.3 [[Primitive]] marriage was primarily [[industrial]]; and even in [[modern]] times it is often a [[social]] or [[business]] affair. Through the [[influence]] of the mixture of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] stock and as a result of the [[mores]] of advancing [[civilization]], marriage is slowly becoming [[mutual]], [[romantic]], [[parental]], [[poetical]], [[affectionate]], [[ethical]], and even [[idealistic]]. Selection and so-called [[romantic]] [[love]], however, were at a minimum in [[primitive]] [[mating]]. During early times [[husband]] and [[wife]] were not much [[together]]; they did not even eat together very often. But among the [[ancients]], [[personal]] [[affection]] was not strongly linked to [[sex]] [[attraction]]; they became fond of one another largely because of living and [[working]] [[together]].

83:1.3 [[Primitive]] marriage was primarily [[industrial]]; and even in [[modern]] times it is often a [[social]] or [[business]] affair. Through the [[influence]] of the mixture of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] stock and as a result of the [[mores]] of advancing [[civilization]], marriage is slowly becoming [[mutual]], [[romantic]], [[parental]], [[poetical]], [[affectionate]], [[ethical]], and even [[idealistic]]. Selection and so-called [[romantic]] [[love]], however, were at a minimum in [[primitive]] [[mating]]. During early times [[husband]] and [[wife]] were not much [[together]]; they did not even eat together very often. But among the [[ancients]], [[personal]] [[affection]] was not strongly linked to [[sex]] [[attraction]]; they became fond of one another largely because of living and [[working]] [[together]].

==83:2. COURTSHIP AND BETROTHAL==

==83:2. COURTSHIP AND BETROTHAL==

83:2.4 [[Woman]] was long denied full [[freedom]] of self-disposal in marriage, but the more [[intelligent]] women have always been able to circumvent this restriction by the clever [[exercise]] of their wits. Man has usually taken the [[lead]] in [[courtship]], but not always. Woman sometimes [[formally]], as well as [[covertly]], [[initiates]] marriage. And as [[civilization]] has [[progressed]], women have had an increasing part in all [[phases]] of [[courtship]] and marriage.

83:2.4 [[Woman]] was long denied full [[freedom]] of self-disposal in marriage, but the more [[intelligent]] women have always been able to circumvent this restriction by the clever [[exercise]] of their wits. Man has usually taken the [[lead]] in [[courtship]], but not always. Woman sometimes [[formally]], as well as [[covertly]], [[initiates]] marriage. And as [[civilization]] has [[progressed]], women have had an increasing part in all [[phases]] of [[courtship]] and marriage.

83:2.5 Increasing [[love]], [[romance]], and [[personal]] selection in premarital courtship are an [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[contribution]] to the world races. The [[relations]] between the sexes are evolving favorably; many advancing peoples are [[gradually]] substituting somewhat [[idealized]] [[concepts]] of [[sex]] [[attraction]] for those older [[motives]] of utility and ownership. [[Sex]] impulse and [[feelings]] of [[affection]] are beginning to displace cold [[calculation]] in the [[choosing]] of life [[partners]].

83:2.5 Increasing [[love]], [[romance]], and [[personal]] selection in premarital courtship are an [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[contribution]] to the world races. The [[relations]] between the sexes are evolving favorably; many advancing peoples are [[gradually]] substituting somewhat [[idealized]] [[concepts]] of [[sex]] [[attraction]] for those older [[motives]] of utility and ownership. [[Sex]] impulse and [[feelings]] of [[affection]] are beginning to displace cold [[calculation]] in the [[choosing]] of life [[partners]].

83:2.6 The [[betrothal]] was originally [[equivalent]] to marriage; and among early peoples [[sex]] relations were [[conventional]] during the [[engagement]]. In recent times, [[religion]] has established a [[sex]] [[taboo]] on the period between [[betrothal]] and marriage.

83:2.6 The [[betrothal]] was originally [[equivalent]] to marriage; and among early peoples [[sex]] relations were [[conventional]] during the [[engagement]]. In recent times, [[religion]] has established a [[sex]] [[taboo]] on the period between [[betrothal]] and marriage.

83:5.3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_marriage Group marriages] [[gradually]] gave way before the emerging [[practices]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy polygamy]—[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry polyandry]—among the more advanced [[tribes]]. But [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry polyandry] was never general, being usually [[limited]] to queens and [[Wealth|rich]] [[women]]; furthermore, it was customarily a [[family]] affair, one wife for several brothers. [[Caste]] and [[economic]] restrictions sometimes made it [[necessary]] for several men to content themselves with one [[wife]]. Even then, the woman would marry only one, the others being loosely tolerated as "uncles" of the joint [[progeny]].

83:5.3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_marriage Group marriages] [[gradually]] gave way before the emerging [[practices]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy polygamy]—[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry polyandry]—among the more advanced [[tribes]]. But [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry polyandry] was never general, being usually [[limited]] to queens and [[Wealth|rich]] [[women]]; furthermore, it was customarily a [[family]] affair, one wife for several brothers. [[Caste]] and [[economic]] restrictions sometimes made it [[necessary]] for several men to content themselves with one [[wife]]. Even then, the woman would marry only one, the others being loosely tolerated as "uncles" of the joint [[progeny]].

83:5.4 The [[Jewish]] [[custom]] requiring that a man consort with his deceased [[brother]]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widow] for the [[purpose]] of "raising up seed for his brother,"[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_matthew#Chapter_22] was the [[custom]] of more than half the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_World ancient world]. This was a [[relic]] of the [[time]] when marriage was a [[family]] affair rather than an [[individual]] [[association]].

83:5.4 The [[Jewish]] [[custom]] requiring that a man consort with his deceased [[brother]]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow widow] for the [[purpose]] of "raising up seed for his brother,"[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_matthew#Chapter_22] was the [[custom]] of more than half the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_World ancient world]. This was a [[relic]] of the [[time]] when marriage was a [[family]] affair rather than an [[individual]] [[association]].

83:5.5 The [[institution]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny] recognized, at various times, four sorts of wives:

83:5.5 The [[institution]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny] recognized, at various times, four sorts of wives:

83:5.6 True [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny], where all the wives are of [[equal]] [[status]] and all the [[children]] [[equal]], has been very rare. Usually, even with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_marriage plural marriages], the [[home]] was dominated by the head wife, the [[status]] companion. She alone had the [[ritual]] [[wedding]] [[ceremony]], and only the [[children]] of such a purchased or dowered spouse could inherit unless by special arrangement with the [[status]] wife.

83:5.6 True [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny], where all the wives are of [[equal]] [[status]] and all the [[children]] [[equal]], has been very rare. Usually, even with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_marriage plural marriages], the [[home]] was dominated by the head wife, the [[status]] companion. She alone had the [[ritual]] [[wedding]] [[ceremony]], and only the [[children]] of such a purchased or dowered spouse could inherit unless by special arrangement with the [[status]] wife.

83:5.7 The [[status]] [[wife]] was not necessarily the [[love]] wife; in early times she usually was not. The love wife, or sweetheart, did not appear until the races were considerably advanced, more particularly after the blending of the evolutionary [[tribes]] with the [[Nodites]] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamites].

83:5.7 The [[status]] [[wife]] was not necessarily the [[love]] wife; in early times she usually was not. The love wife, or sweetheart, did not appear until the races were considerably advanced, more particularly after the blending of the evolutionary [[tribes]] with the [[Nodites]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamites].

83:5.8 The [[taboo]] wife—one wife of [[legal]] [[status]]—created the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubine] [[mores]]. Under these mores a man might have only one wife, but he could maintain [[sex]] [[relations]] with any number of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubines]. Concubinage was the steppingstone to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy monogamy], the first move away from frank [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny]. The concubines of the [[Jews]], [[Romans]], and [[Chinese]] were very frequently the handmaidens of the [[wife]]. Later on, as among the [[Jews]], the [[legal]] [[wife]] was looked upon as the [[mother]] of all children born to the [[husband]].

83:5.8 The [[taboo]] wife—one wife of [[legal]] [[status]]—created the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubine] [[mores]]. Under these mores a man might have only one wife, but he could maintain [[sex]] [[relations]] with any number of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubines]. Concubinage was the steppingstone to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy monogamy], the first move away from frank [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny polygyny]. The concubines of the [[Jews]], [[Romans]], and [[Chinese]] were very frequently the handmaidens of the [[wife]]. Later on, as among the [[Jews]], the [[legal]] [[wife]] was looked upon as the [[mother]] of all children born to the [[husband]].

83:6.1 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy Monogamy] is [[monopoly]]; it is [[good]] for those who [[attain]] this desirable [[state]], but it tends to [[work]] a [[biologic]] hardship on those who are not so fortunate. But quite regardless of the [[effect]] on the [[individual]], monogamy is decidedly best for the [[children]].

83:6.1 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy Monogamy] is [[monopoly]]; it is [[good]] for those who [[attain]] this desirable [[state]], but it tends to [[work]] a [[biologic]] hardship on those who are not so fortunate. But quite regardless of the [[effect]] on the [[individual]], monogamy is decidedly best for the [[children]].

83:6.2 The earliest monogamy was due to [[force]] of circumstances, [[poverty]]. Monogamy is [[cultural]] and societal, [[artificial]] and unnatural, that is, unnatural to [[evolutionary]] [[man]]. It was wholly [[natural]] to the purer [[Nodites]] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamites] and has been of great [[cultural]] [[value]] to all advanced races.

83:6.2 The earliest monogamy was due to [[force]] of circumstances, [[poverty]]. Monogamy is [[cultural]] and societal, [[artificial]] and unnatural, that is, unnatural to [[evolutionary]] [[man]]. It was wholly [[natural]] to the purer [[Nodites]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamites] and has been of great [[cultural]] [[value]] to all advanced races.

83:6.3 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldean Chaldean] [[tribes]] recognized the right of a [[wife]] to impose a premarital [[pledge]] upon her spouse not to take a second wife or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubine]; both the [[Greeks]] and the [[Romans]] favored monogamous marriage. [[Ancestor]] [[worship]] has always fostered [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy monogamy], as has the [[Christian]] [[error]] of regarding marriage as a [[sacrament]]. Even the elevation of the [[standard of living]] has consistently militated against [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy plural wives]. By the time of [[Michael]]'s [[advent]] on [[Urantia]] practically all of the civilized world had [[attained]] the level of [[theoretical]] monogamy. But this passive monogamy did not mean that [[mankind]] had become habituated to the [[practice]] of real pair marriage.

83:6.3 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldean Chaldean] [[tribes]] recognized the right of a [[wife]] to impose a premarital [[pledge]] upon her spouse not to take a second wife or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubine concubine]; both the [[Greeks]] and the [[Romans]] favored monogamous marriage. [[Ancestor]] [[worship]] has always fostered [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy monogamy], as has the [[Christian]] [[error]] of regarding marriage as a [[sacrament]]. Even the elevation of the [[standard of living]] has consistently militated against [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy plural wives]. By the time of [[Michael]]'s [[advent]] on [[Urantia]] practically all of the civilized world had [[attained]] the level of [[theoretical]] monogamy. But this passive monogamy did not mean that [[mankind]] had become habituated to the [[practice]] of real pair marriage.

==83:8. THE IDEALIZATION OF MARRIAGE==

==83:8. THE IDEALIZATION OF MARRIAGE==

83:8.1 Marriage which culminates in the [[home]] is indeed man's most exalted [[institution]], but it is [[essentially]] [[human]]; it should never have been called a [[sacrament]]. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:3._LIFE_IN_MESOPOTAMIA Sethite priests] made marriage a [[religious]] [[ritual]]; but for thousands of years after [[Eden]], [[mating]] continued as a [[purely]] [[social]] and [[civil]] [[institution]].

83:8.1 Marriage which culminates in the [[home]] is indeed man's most exalted [[institution]], but it is [[essentially]] [[human]]; it should never have been called a [[sacrament]]. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:3._LIFE_IN_MESOPOTAMIA Sethite priests] made marriage a [[religious]] [[ritual]]; but for thousands of years after [[Eden]], [[mating]] continued as a [[purely]] [[social]] and [[civil]] [[institution]].

83:8.2 The likening of [[human]] [[associations]] to [[divine]] associations is most unfortunate. The [[union]] of [[husband]] and [[wife]] in the marriage-[[home]] [[relationship]] is a [[material]] [[function]] of the [[mortals]] of the [[evolutionary worlds]]. True, indeed, much [[spiritual]] [[progress]] may accrue consequent upon the [[sincere]] [[human]] [[efforts]] of [[husband]] and [[wife]] to [[progress]], but this does not mean that marriage is necessarily [[sacred]]. [[Spiritual]] [[progress]] is attendant upon [[sincere]] [[application]] to other avenues of [[human]] endeavor.

83:8.2 The likening of [[human]] [[associations]] to [[divine]] associations is most unfortunate. The [[union]] of [[husband]] and [[wife]] in the marriage-[[home]] [[relationship]] is a [[material]] [[function]] of the [[mortals]] of the [[evolutionary worlds]]. True, indeed, much [[spiritual]] [[progress]] may accrue consequent upon the [[sincere]] [[human]] [[efforts]] of [[husband]] and [[wife]] to [[progress]], but this does not mean that marriage is necessarily [[sacred]]. [[Spiritual]] [[progress]] is attendant upon [[sincere]] [[application]] to other avenues of [[human]] endeavor.

83:8.10 Presented by the Chief of [[Seraphim]] stationed on [[Urantia]].

83:8.10 Presented by the Chief of [[Seraphim]] stationed on [[Urantia]].

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[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]

[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]