Changes

==88:5. MAGICAL CHARMS==

==88:5. MAGICAL CHARMS==

88:5.1 Since anything connected with the body could become a fetish, the earliest magic had to do with hair and nails. Secrecy attendant upon body elimination grew up out of fear that an enemy might get possession of something derived from the body and employ it in detrimental magic; all excreta of the body were therefore carefully buried. Public spitting was refrained from because of the fear that saliva would be used in deleterious magic; spittle was always covered. Even food remnants, clothing, and ornaments could become instruments of magic. The savage never left any remnants of his meal on the table. And all this was done through fear that one's enemies might use these things in magical rites, not from any appreciation of the hygienic value of such practices.

88:5.1 Since anything [[connected]] with the [[body]] could become a [[fetish]], the earliest [[magic]] had to do with hair and nails. [[Secrecy]] attendant upon body elimination grew up out of [[fear]] that an enemy might get [[possession]] of something derived from the body and employ it in detrimental [[magic]]; all excreta of the body were therefore carefully [[buried]]. [[Public]] spitting was refrained from because of the [[fear]] that saliva would be used in deleterious [[magic]]; spittle was always covered. Even [[food]] remnants, clothing, and ornaments could become instruments of [[magic]]. The [[savage]] never left any remnants of his meal on the table. And all this was done through [[fear]] that one's enemies might use these [[things]] in magical [[rites]], not from any [[appreciation]] of the hygienic [[value]] of such [[practices]].

88:5.2 Magical charms were concocted from a great variety of things: human flesh, tiger claws, crocodile teeth, poison plant seeds, snake venom, and human hair. The bones of the dead were very magical. Even the dust from footprints could be used in magic. The ancients were great believers in love charms. Blood and other forms of bodily secretions were able to insure the magic influence of love.

88:5.2 Magical [[charms]] were concocted from a great variety of [[things]]: human flesh, tiger claws, crocodile teeth, [[poison]] [[plant]] seeds, snake venom, and human hair. The bones of the dead were very [[magical]]. Even the dust from footprints could be used in [[magic]]. The [[ancients]] were great believers in [[love]] [[charms]]. Blood and other forms of bodily secretions were able to insure the magic [[influence]] of [[love]].

88:5.3 Images were supposed to be effective in magic. Effigies were made, and when treated ill or well, the same effects were believed to rest upon the real person. When making purchases, superstitious persons would chew a bit of hard wood in order to soften the heart of the seller.

88:5.3 Images were supposed to be [[effective]] in [[magic]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effigies Effigies] were made, and when treated ill or well, the same [[effects]] were believed to rest upon the real [[person]]. When making purchases, [[superstitious]] persons would chew a bit of hard wood in order to soften the [[heart]] of the seller.

88:5.4 The milk of a black cow was highly magical; so also were black cats. The staff or wand was magical, along with drums, bells, and knots. All ancient objects were magical charms. The practices of a new or higher civilization were looked upon with disfavor because of their supposedly evil magical nature. Writing, printing, and pictures were long so regarded.

88:5.4 The milk of a black cow was highly magical; so also were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cats black cats]. The staff or wand was magical, along with drums, bells, and knots. All [[ancient]] objects were magical [[charms]]. The [[practices]] of a new or higher [[civilization]] were looked upon with disfavor because of their supposedly [[evil]] magical [[nature]]. [[Writing]], [[printing]], and pictures were long so regarded.

88:5.5 Primitive man believed that names must be treated with respect, especially names of the gods. The name was regarded as an entity, an influence distinct from the physical personality; it was esteemed equally with the soul and the shadow. Names were pawned for loans; a man could not use his name until it had been redeemed by payment of the loan. Nowadays one signs his name to a note. An individual's name soon became important in magic. The savage had two names; the important one was regarded as too sacred to use on ordinary occasions, hence the second or everyday name—a nickname. He never told his real name to strangers. Any experience of an unusual nature caused him to change his name; sometimes it was in an effort to cure disease or to stop bad luck. The savage could get a new name by buying it from the tribal chief; men still invest in titles and degrees. But among the most primitive tribes, such as the African Bushmen, individual names do not exist.

88:5.5 [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_52#52:1._PRIMITIVE_MAN Primitive man] believed that [[names]] must be treated with [[respect]], especially names of the [[gods]]. The [[name]] was regarded as an [[entity]], an [[influence]] distinct from the [[physical]] [[personality]]; it was esteemed equally with the [[soul]] and the [[shadow]]. [[Names]] were pawned for loans; a man could not use his name until it had been redeemed by payment of the loan. Nowadays one signs his name to a note. An [[individual]]'s name soon became important in [[magic]]. The savage had two names; the important one was regarded as too [[sacred]] to use on ordinary occasions, hence the second or everyday name—a nickname. He never told his real name to strangers. Any [[experience]] of an unusual nature caused him to [[change]] his name; sometimes it was in an [[effort]] to cure [[disease]] or to stop bad [[luck]]. The [[savage]] could get a new name by buying it from the tribal chief; men still invest in titles and [[degrees]]. But among the most [[primitive]] [[tribes]], such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushmen African Bushmen], [[individual]] [[names]] do not exist.

==88:6. THE PRACTICE OF MAGIC==

==88:6. THE PRACTICE OF MAGIC==