Changes

To the 1960s, the word was specific to [[grammar]]: the 1900 ''Merriam-Webster'' dictionary defines its technical use only in the [[context]] of grammar or, in [[rhetoric]], as a term for an illustrative [[parable]] or fable. In [[linguistics]], [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] used ''paradigm'' to refer to a class of elements with similarities.

To the 1960s, the word was specific to [[grammar]]: the 1900 ''Merriam-Webster'' dictionary defines its technical use only in the [[context]] of grammar or, in [[rhetoric]], as a term for an illustrative [[parable]] or fable. In [[linguistics]], [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] used ''paradigm'' to refer to a class of elements with similarities.

From the 1960s, the word has referred to thought pattern in any [[science|scientific]] [[discipline]] or other epistemological context. The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines this usage as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the [[experiment]]s performed in support of them are formulated; ''broadly '': a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind.[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/paradigm paradigm]

From the 1960s, the word has referred to thought pattern in any [[science|scientific]] [[discipline]] or other epistemological context. The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines this usage as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the [[experiment]]s performed in support of them are formulated; ''broadly '': a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind.[https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/paradigm paradigm]

==Scientific paradigm==

==Scientific paradigm==

===Paradigm Paralysis===

===Paradigm Paralysis===

Perhaps the greatest barrier to a paradigm shift , in some cases, is the reality of paradigm paralysis, the inability or refusal to see beyond the current models of thinking..[http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/Infostuttering/Paradigmparalysis.html]  

Perhaps the greatest barrier to a paradigm shift , in some cases, is the reality of paradigm paralysis, the inability or refusal to see beyond the current models of thinking..[https://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/Infostuttering/Paradigmparalysis.html]  

Examples include [[Galileo]]'s theory of a heliocentric universe, the discovery of electrostatic photography, xerography and the quartz clock.

Examples include [[Galileo]]'s theory of a heliocentric universe, the discovery of electrostatic photography, xerography and the quartz clock.

* Encyclopædia Britannica, Univ. of Chicago, 2003, ISBN 0-85229-961-3

* Encyclopædia Britannica, Univ. of Chicago, 2003, ISBN 0-85229-961-3

* Dogan, Mattei., "Paradigms in the Social Sciences," in ''International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences,'' Volume 16, 2001)

* Dogan, Mattei., "Paradigms in the Social Sciences," in ''International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences,'' Volume 16, 2001)

* [http://www.funonthenet.in/articles/Paradigm-Presentation.html Paradigm Presentation] An interesting look at how a Paradigm is created

* [https://www.funonthenet.in/articles/Paradigm-Presentation.html Paradigm Presentation] An interesting look at how a Paradigm is created

* [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0142-5692%281992%2913%3A1%3C131%3ATPWRFT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U  British Journal of Sociology of Education: Vol. 13, No. 1 (1992), pp. 131-143]

* [https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0142-5692%281992%2913%3A1%3C131%3ATPWRFT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U  British Journal of Sociology of Education: Vol. 13, No. 1 (1992), pp. 131-143]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: History]]

[[Category: History]]