Difference between revisions of "Pharisees"
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] pharise, from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] farise, from Late Latin pharisaeus, from [[Greek]] pharisaios, from Aramaic pĕrīshayyā, plural of pĕrīshā, [[literally]], separated | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] pharise, from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] farise, from Late Latin pharisaeus, from [[Greek]] pharisaios, from Aramaic pĕrīshayyā, plural of pĕrīshā, [[literally]], separated | ||
| − | *before [ | + | *before [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century 12th century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
| − | *1: ''capitalized'' : a member of a [[Jewish]] [[sect]] of the [ | + | *1: ''capitalized'' : a member of a [[Jewish]] [[sect]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertestamental_period intertestamental period] noted for strict [[observance]] of rites and [[ceremonies]] of the written [[law]] and for insistence on the validity of their own [[oral tradition]]s concerning the law |
*2: a pharisaical [[person]] | *2: a pharisaical [[person]] | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | The '''Pharisees''' (lat. pharisæ|us, -i; from heb. פרושים perushim/פרוש parush, meaning "set apart") were at various times a [[political]] party, a [[social movement]], and a school of [[thought]] among [[Jews]] during the [ | + | The '''Pharisees''' (lat. pharisæ|us, -i; from heb. פרושים perushim/פרוש parush, meaning "set apart") were at various times a [[political]] party, a [[social movement]], and a school of [[thought]] among [[Jews]] during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple Second Temple] period under the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean Hasmonean dynasty] (140–37 BCE) in the wake of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt Maccabean Revolt]. |
| − | [[Conflicts]] between the Pharisees and the [ | + | [[Conflicts]] between the Pharisees and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadducees Sadducees] took place in the [[context]] of much broader and longstanding [[social]] and [[religious]] conflicts among Jews dating back to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_captivity Babylonian captivity] and exacerbated by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic Roman conquest]. One conflict was [[class]], between the [[wealthy]] and the [[poor]], as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadducees Sadducees] included mainly the [[priestly]] and [[aristocratic]] families. Another conflict was [[cultural]], between those who favored [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenization hellenization] and those who resisted it. A third was juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple Temple], and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic laws and prophetic [[values]]. A fourth, specifically [[religious]], involved different [[interpretations]] of the [[Bible]] (or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanakh Tanakh]), and how to apply the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah Torah] to Jewish life, with the Sadducees recognizing only the written letter of the Tanakh or Torah and rejecting [[Resurrection|life after death]], while the Pharisees held to Rabbinic [[interpretations]] additional to the written [[texts]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus Josephus] indicates that the ''Pharisees'' received the backing and goodwill of the common people, apparently in [[contrast]] to the more elite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadducees Sadducees]. Pharisees claimed [[prophetic]] or Mosaic [[authority]] for their [[interpretation]] of Jewish laws, while the Sadducees [[represented]] the [[authority]] of the [[priestly]] [[privileges]] and [[prerogatives]] [[established]] since the days of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon Solomon], when [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadok Zadok], their ancestor, officiated as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen_Gadol High Priest]. |
| − | After the destruction of the [ | + | After the destruction of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple Second Temple] in 70 CE Pharisaic [[beliefs]] became the basis for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism Rabbinic Judaism], which ultimately produced the [[normative]] traditional [[Judaism]] which is the basis for all contemporary forms of Judaism except for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaism Karaism]. |
| − | Outside of Jewish [[history]] and writings, the ''Pharisees'' have been made notable by [[references]] in the [[New Testament]] to [[conflicts]] between themselves and [[John the Baptist]] and with [[Jesus]]. There are also several [[references]] in the [[New Testament]] to [[Paul, the Apostle|Paul of Tarsus]] being a Pharisee before he became a [[Christian]]. Christian [[traditions]] have been a cause of widespread awareness of the ''Pharisees''. [ | + | Outside of Jewish [[history]] and writings, the ''Pharisees'' have been made notable by [[references]] in the [[New Testament]] to [[conflicts]] between themselves and [[John the Baptist]] and with [[Jesus]]. There are also several [[references]] in the [[New Testament]] to [[Paul, the Apostle|Paul of Tarsus]] being a Pharisee before he became a [[Christian]]. Christian [[traditions]] have been a cause of widespread awareness of the ''Pharisees''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharisees] |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*'''''[[Sadducees]]''''' | *'''''[[Sadducees]]''''' | ||
[[Category: Religion]] | [[Category: Religion]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:32, 13 December 2020
Origin
Middle English pharise, from Old English farise, from Late Latin pharisaeus, from Greek pharisaios, from Aramaic pĕrīshayyā, plural of pĕrīshā, literally, separated
- before 12th century
Definitions
- 1: capitalized : a member of a Jewish sect of the intertestamental period noted for strict observance of rites and ceremonies of the written law and for insistence on the validity of their own oral traditions concerning the law
- 2: a pharisaical person
Description
The Pharisees (lat. pharisæ|us, -i; from heb. פרושים perushim/פרוש parush, meaning "set apart") were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews during the Second Temple period under the Hasmonean dynasty (140–37 BCE) in the wake of the Maccabean Revolt.
Conflicts between the Pharisees and the Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews dating back to the Babylonian captivity and exacerbated by the Roman conquest. One conflict was class, between the wealthy and the poor, as the Sadducees included mainly the priestly and aristocratic families. Another conflict was cultural, between those who favored hellenization and those who resisted it. A third was juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Temple, and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic laws and prophetic values. A fourth, specifically religious, involved different interpretations of the Bible (or Tanakh), and how to apply the Torah to Jewish life, with the Sadducees recognizing only the written letter of the Tanakh or Torah and rejecting life after death, while the Pharisees held to Rabbinic interpretations additional to the written texts. Josephus indicates that the Pharisees received the backing and goodwill of the common people, apparently in contrast to the more elite Sadducees. Pharisees claimed prophetic or Mosaic authority for their interpretation of Jewish laws, while the Sadducees represented the authority of the priestly privileges and prerogatives established since the days of Solomon, when Zadok, their ancestor, officiated as High Priest.
After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE Pharisaic beliefs became the basis for Rabbinic Judaism, which ultimately produced the normative traditional Judaism which is the basis for all contemporary forms of Judaism except for the Karaism.
Outside of Jewish history and writings, the Pharisees have been made notable by references in the New Testament to conflicts between themselves and John the Baptist and with Jesus. There are also several references in the New Testament to Paul of Tarsus being a Pharisee before he became a Christian. Christian traditions have been a cause of widespread awareness of the Pharisees. [1]
