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== Kant's use of ''phenomenon'' ==

== Kant's use of ''phenomenon'' ==

''Phenomenon'' has a [[technical terminology|specialized meaning]] in the  [[philosophy]] of [[Immanuel Kant]], who contrasted the term ''phenomenon'' with ''[[noumenon]]'' in the ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. Phenomena according to Kant are objects of sensible intuition, sensible entities coextensive with appearances. A noumenon on the other hand is an object exclusively of understanding; it is an object that is given only to a subject's intellect or understanding, i.e., not given by sensibility. As such, the noumenon and Kant's thing-in-itself (Ding an sich) are closely related; for Kant they refer to the same things. However, they differ in that the thing-in-itself is an ontological concept of an object as it is constituted in itself, while the noumenon is an epistemological concept of an object of a certain mode of cognition, namely intellectual intuition. Both, however, cannot be known. The concept of 'phenomena' relates to the tradition of philosophy called [[phenomenology]]. Leading figures in phenomenology - the science of objects as they appear - include [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty|Merleau-Ponty]] and influenced [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]], [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]] and many other thinkers. Kant's account of phenomena has also been influential in the development of [[psychodynamic]] models of psychology, and of theories concerning the ways in which the brain, mind and external world interact.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

''Phenomenon'' has a [[technical terminology|specialized meaning]] in the  [[philosophy]] of [[Immanuel Kant]], who contrasted the term ''phenomenon'' with ''[[noumenon]]'' in the ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. Phenomena according to Kant are objects of sensible intuition, sensible entities coextensive with appearances. A noumenon on the other hand is an object exclusively of understanding; it is an object that is given only to a subject's intellect or understanding, i.e., not given by sensibility. As such, the noumenon and Kant's thing-in-itself (Ding an sich) are closely related; for Kant they refer to the same things. However, they differ in that the thing-in-itself is an ontological concept of an object as it is constituted in itself, while the noumenon is an epistemological concept of an object of a certain mode of cognition, namely intellectual intuition. Both, however, cannot be known. The concept of 'phenomena' relates to the tradition of philosophy called [[phenomenology]]. Leading figures in phenomenology - the science of objects as they appear - include [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty|Merleau-Ponty]] and influenced [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]], [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]] and many other thinkers. Kant's account of phenomena has also been influential in the development of [[psychodynamic]] models of psychology, and of theories concerning the ways in which the brain, mind and external world interact.

 

==See also==

==See also==