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==Origin==
==Origin==
Italian ''profilo'', from ''profilare'' to draw in [[outline]], from ''pro''- forward (from [[Latin]]) + ''filare'' to spin
Italian ''profilo'', from ''profilare'' to draw in [[outline]], from ''pro''- forward (from [[Latin]]) + ''filare'' to spin
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1645]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1645]
==Defiinitions==
==Defiinitions==
*1: a [[representation]] of something in outline; especially : a human head or [[face]] represented or seen in a side view
*1: a [[representation]] of something in outline; especially : a human head or [[face]] represented or seen in a side view
'''Profiling''' ([[Information science]]) refers to the whole [[process]] of construction and application of profiles generated by [[computerized]] profiling [[technologies]]. What characterizes profiling technologies is the use of [[algorithms]] or other [[mathematical]] [[techniques]] that allow one to discover [[patterns]] or correlations in large [[quantities]] of [[data]], aggregated in databases. When these patterns or correlations are used to identify or [[represent]] people they can be called profiles. Other than a [[discussion]] of profiling technologies or [[population]] profiling the notion of profiling practices is not just about the construction of profiles, but also concerns the [[application]] of group profiles to [[individuals]], e.g. in the case of credit scoring, price [[discrimination]], or identification of [[security]] risks.
'''Profiling''' ([[Information science]]) refers to the whole [[process]] of construction and application of profiles generated by [[computerized]] profiling [[technologies]]. What characterizes profiling technologies is the use of [[algorithms]] or other [[mathematical]] [[techniques]] that allow one to discover [[patterns]] or correlations in large [[quantities]] of [[data]], aggregated in databases. When these patterns or correlations are used to identify or [[represent]] people they can be called profiles. Other than a [[discussion]] of profiling technologies or [[population]] profiling the notion of profiling practices is not just about the construction of profiles, but also concerns the [[application]] of group profiles to [[individuals]], e.g. in the case of credit scoring, price [[discrimination]], or identification of [[security]] risks.
Profiling is not simply a matter of [[computerized]] [[pattern]] [[recognition]]; it enables refined price-discrimination, targeted servicing, detection of [[fraud]], and extensive social sorting. Real-time [[machine]] profiling constitutes the precondition for emerging socio-technical [[infrastructures]] [[envisioned]] by advocates of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligence ambient intelligence], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_Computing Autonomic Computing] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing ubiquitous computing].
Profiling is not simply a matter of [[computerized]] [[pattern]] [[recognition]]; it enables refined price-discrimination, targeted servicing, detection of [[fraud]], and extensive social sorting. Real-time [[machine]] profiling constitutes the precondition for emerging socio-technical [[infrastructures]] [[envisioned]] by advocates of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligence ambient intelligence], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_Computing Autonomic Computing] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing ubiquitous computing].
One of the most challenging [[problems]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_society information society] is dealing with the increasing [[data]] overload. With the digitizing of all sorts of [[content]] as well as the improvement and drop in cost of recording technologies, the amount of available information has become enormous and is increasing [[exponentially]]. It has thus become important for companies, [[governments]], and [[individuals]] to be able to [[discriminate]] information from [[noise]], detecting those [[data]] that are useful or interesting. The development of profiling technologies must be seen against this background. These [[technologies]] are thought to [[efficiently]] collect and [[analyze]] data in order to find or test [[knowledge]] in the form of [[statistical]] patterns between data. This process is called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_in_Databases Knowledge Discovery in Databases] (KDD) which provides the profiler with sets of correlated [[data]] that are used as "profiles".
One of the most challenging [[problems]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_society information society] is dealing with the increasing [[data]] overload. With the digitizing of all sorts of [[content]] as well as the improvement and drop in cost of recording technologies, the amount of available information has become enormous and is increasing [[exponentially]]. It has thus become important for companies, [[governments]], and [[individuals]] to be able to [[discriminate]] information from [[noise]], detecting those [[data]] that are useful or interesting. The development of profiling technologies must be seen against this background. These [[technologies]] are thought to [[efficiently]] collect and [[analyze]] data in order to find or test [[knowledge]] in the form of [[statistical]] patterns between data. This process is called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_in_Databases Knowledge Discovery in Databases] (KDD) which provides the profiler with sets of correlated [[data]] that are used as "profiles".
==Demographic profile==
==Demographic profile==
A demographic or ''demographic profile'' is a term used in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing marketing] and broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a market segment. This typically involves age bands (as [[teenagers]] do not wish to purchase denture fixant), [[social]] class bands (as the [[rich]] may want different products than middle and lower classes and may be willing to pay more) and [[gender]] (partially because different [[physical]] attributes require different hygiene and clothing products, and partially because of the [[male]]/[[female]] mindsets).
A demographic or ''demographic profile'' is a term used in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing marketing] and broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a market segment. This typically involves age bands (as [[teenagers]] do not wish to purchase denture fixant), [[social]] class bands (as the [[rich]] may want different products than middle and lower classes and may be willing to pay more) and [[gender]] (partially because different [[physical]] attributes require different hygiene and clothing products, and partially because of the [[male]]/[[female]] mindsets).
A demographic profile can be used to determine when and where advertising should be placed so as to [[achieve]] maximum results. In all such cases, it is important that the advertiser get the most results for their [[money]], and so careful [[research]] is done to match the demographic profile of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_market target market] to the demographic profile of the advertising medium. For instance, shortly after the cancellation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series Star Trek] in 1969, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC NBC]'s marketing department complained that was premature. They [[explained]] that their newly instituted demographic [[audience]] profiling [[techniques]] indicated that the series' main young urban audience was highly desirable for advertisers. In 1971, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS CBS] acted on their own marketing department's demographic findings about their television network's programming and canceled several series that [[appealed]] primarily to older and [[rural]] [[audiences]] in a move nicknamed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_purge rural purge].
A demographic profile can be used to determine when and where advertising should be placed so as to [[achieve]] maximum results. In all such cases, it is important that the advertiser get the most results for their [[money]], and so careful [[research]] is done to match the demographic profile of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_market target market] to the demographic profile of the advertising medium. For instance, shortly after the cancellation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series Star Trek] in 1969, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC NBC]'s marketing department complained that was premature. They [[explained]] that their newly instituted demographic [[audience]] profiling [[techniques]] indicated that the series' main young urban audience was highly desirable for advertisers. In 1971, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS CBS] acted on their own marketing department's demographic findings about their television network's programming and canceled several series that [[appealed]] primarily to older and [[rural]] [[audiences]] in a move nicknamed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_purge rural purge].
A good way to figure out the intended demographic of a television show, TV channel, or magazine is to [[study]] the ads that accompany it. For example, in the United States the television program [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Price_is_Right "The Price is Right"] most frequently airs from 11 a.m. to Noon. The commercials on it (besides the use of product placement in the show itself) are often for things like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis arthritis] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic pain relievers] and diapers. This indicates that the target demographics are [[senior citizens]] and [[parents]] with young [[children]], both of whom would be [[home]] at that time of day and see that show. Another example would be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV MTV], for it has many ads with digital audio players indicating that the channel is targeted to [[Youth|young adults]] and [[teenagers]] and/or [[fans]] of [[music]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_profile]
A good way to figure out the intended demographic of a television show, TV channel, or magazine is to [[study]] the ads that accompany it. For example, in the United States the television program [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Price_is_Right "The Price is Right"] most frequently airs from 11 a.m. to Noon. The commercials on it (besides the use of product placement in the show itself) are often for things like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis arthritis] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic pain relievers] and diapers. This indicates that the target demographics are [[senior citizens]] and [[parents]] with young [[children]], both of whom would be [[home]] at that time of day and see that show. Another example would be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV MTV], for it has many ads with digital audio players indicating that the channel is targeted to [[Youth|young adults]] and [[teenagers]] and/or [[fans]] of [[music]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_profile]
[[Category: Computer Science]]
[[Category: Computer Science]]