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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1892]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1892]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: the [[principles]], [[beliefs]], or practices of ''[http://www.alternet.org/story/23706/what_is_progressive progressives]''

*1: the [[principles]], [[beliefs]], or practices of ''[https://www.alternet.org/story/23706/what_is_progressive progressives]''

*2: capitalized : the [[political]] and [[economic]] doctrines advocated by the [http://www.alternet.org/story/23706/what_is_progressive Progressives]

*2: capitalized : the [[political]] and [[economic]] doctrines advocated by the [https://www.alternet.org/story/23706/what_is_progressive Progressives]

*3: the [[theories]] of progressive [[education]]  

*3: the [[theories]] of progressive [[education]]  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Progressivism''' is a general [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy political philosophy] based on the idea of [[progress]] that asserts that advances in [[science]], [[technology]], economic [[development]], and social [[organization]], can improve the [[human condition]]. Progressivism originated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_Enlightenment Age of the Enlightenment] in Europe out of the [[belief]] that Europe was demonstrating that societies could progress in civility from [[barbaric]] conditions to [[civilization]] through strengthening the basis of empirical [[knowledge]] as the foundation of [[society]]. Figures of the Enlightenment believed that progress had [[universal]] application to all societies and that these ideas would spread from Europe to across the world.

'''Progressivism''' is a general [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy political philosophy] based on the idea of [[progress]] that asserts that advances in [[science]], [[technology]], economic [[development]], and social [[organization]], can improve the [[human condition]]. Progressivism originated in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_Enlightenment Age of the Enlightenment] in Europe out of the [[belief]] that Europe was demonstrating that societies could progress in civility from [[barbaric]] conditions to [[civilization]] through strengthening the basis of empirical [[knowledge]] as the foundation of [[society]]. Figures of the Enlightenment believed that progress had [[universal]] application to all societies and that these ideas would spread from Europe to across the world.

Modern Progressivism emerged as part of a response to the vast social [[changes]] brought by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization industrialization] in the Western world in the late 19th century, particularly out of the view that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the [[rich]] and the [[poor]], unregulated laissez-faire [[capitalism]] with out-of-control [[monopolistic]] [[corporations]], [[intense]] and often [[violent]] conflict between workers and capitalists, and lack of effort by [[governments]] to address these problems. Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Modern [[liberalism]] was influenced by liberal philosopher [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill John Stuart Mill]'s conception of people being "progressive beings". British Prime Minister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli Benjamin Disraeli] developed progressive [[conservatism]] under "One Nation" Toryism.

Modern Progressivism emerged as part of a response to the vast social [[changes]] brought by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization industrialization] in the Western world in the late 19th century, particularly out of the view that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the [[rich]] and the [[poor]], unregulated laissez-faire [[capitalism]] with out-of-control [[monopolistic]] [[corporations]], [[intense]] and often [[violent]] conflict between workers and capitalists, and lack of effort by [[governments]] to address these problems. Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Modern [[liberalism]] was influenced by liberal philosopher [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill John Stuart Mill]'s conception of people being "progressive beings". British Prime Minister [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli Benjamin Disraeli] developed progressive [[conservatism]] under "One Nation" Toryism.

Progressive stances have evolved over [[time]]. In the late 19th century, there were progressives who accepted [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism scientific racism] on the grounds of it having a scientific basis; however, this was later discarded as a result of [[racism]] being demonstrated to not have a scientific basis. Stances towards [[imperialism]] were initially divided amongst progressives in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the [[United States]] where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it. In response to [[World War I]], progressive American President [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson Woodrow Wilson]'s Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticized imperialist [[competition]] and colonial injustices; these views were supported by anti-imperialists in areas of the world that were resisting imperial rule.

Progressive stances have evolved over [[time]]. In the late 19th century, there were progressives who accepted [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism scientific racism] on the grounds of it having a scientific basis; however, this was later discarded as a result of [[racism]] being demonstrated to not have a scientific basis. Stances towards [[imperialism]] were initially divided amongst progressives in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the [[United States]] where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it. In response to [[World War I]], progressive American President [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson Woodrow Wilson]'s Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticized imperialist [[competition]] and colonial injustices; these views were supported by anti-imperialists in areas of the world that were resisting imperial rule.

The term "progressive" is today often used in place of "liberal." Although the two are related in some ways, they are separate and distinct political [[ideologies]] and should not be used interchangeably. In the U.S. in particular, the term "progressive" tends to have the same [[value]] as the European term [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracy social democrat], which is scarcely used in American political language.

The term "progressive" is today often used in place of "liberal." Although the two are related in some ways, they are separate and distinct political [[ideologies]] and should not be used interchangeably. In the U.S. in particular, the term "progressive" tends to have the same [[value]] as the European term [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracy social democrat], which is scarcely used in American political language.

The reason for this [[confusion]] in the U.S. might partly be rooted in the political [[spectrum]] being two-dimensional; social liberalism is a tenet of modern progressivism, whereas [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism economic liberalism] (and its associated deregulation) is not. According to John Halpin, senior advisor on the staff of the center-left [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress Center for American Progress], "Progressivism is an orientation towards politics. It's not a long-standing ideology like [[liberalism]], but an historically-grounded concept... that accepts the world as [[dynamic]]."  

The reason for this [[confusion]] in the U.S. might partly be rooted in the political [[spectrum]] being two-dimensional; social liberalism is a tenet of modern progressivism, whereas [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism economic liberalism] (and its associated deregulation) is not. According to John Halpin, senior advisor on the staff of the center-left [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress Center for American Progress], "Progressivism is an orientation towards politics. It's not a long-standing ideology like [[liberalism]], but an historically-grounded concept... that accepts the world as [[dynamic]]."  

American progressives tend to advocate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_taxation progressive taxation] and oppose what they describe as the growing and negative influence of large [[corporations]]. Progressives are typically in agreement on an international scale with left-liberalism in that they support organized labor and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union trade unions], they usually wish to introduce a living wage, and they often support the creation of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care universal health care] system. In the [[United States]], liberals and progressives are often conflated, and in general are the primary voters of the Democratic Party which has a "large tent" policy, combining similar if not congruent ideologies into large voting blocs. Many progressives also support the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States) Green Party] or local parties such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party Vermont Progressive Party]. In Canada, liberals usually support the national Liberal Party while progressives usually support the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada New Democratic Party], which traditionally has had provincial electoral success in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, and since the recent federal election, in Quebec.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_politics]

American progressives tend to advocate [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_taxation progressive taxation] and oppose what they describe as the growing and negative influence of large [[corporations]]. Progressives are typically in agreement on an international scale with left-liberalism in that they support organized labor and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union trade unions], they usually wish to introduce a living wage, and they often support the creation of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care universal health care] system. In the [[United States]], liberals and progressives are often conflated, and in general are the primary voters of the Democratic Party which has a "large tent" policy, combining similar if not congruent ideologies into large voting blocs. Many progressives also support the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States) Green Party] or local parties such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party Vermont Progressive Party]. In Canada, liberals usually support the national Liberal Party while progressives usually support the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada New Democratic Party], which traditionally has had provincial electoral success in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, and since the recent federal election, in Quebec.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_politics]

[[Category: Political Science]]

[[Category: Political Science]]