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==Origin==
==Origin==
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''propellen'', from [[Latin]] ''propellere'', from ''pro''- before + ''pellere'' to drive
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''propellen'', from [[Latin]] ''propellere'', from ''pro''- before + ''pellere'' to drive
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]
==Definition==
==Definition==
1: a substance used to drive forward or onward by or as if by means of a [[force]] that imparts [[motion]]
1: a substance used to drive forward or onward by or as if by means of a [[force]] that imparts [[motion]]
==Description==
==Description==
A '''propellant''' is a [[chemical]] which is used in the production of [[energy]] and pressurized gas that is used to create movement of a fluid or to generate [[propulsion]] of a vehicle or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile projectile] or other object. Common propellants are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energetic_materials energetic materials] and consist of a [[fuel]]; like gasoline, jet fuel, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_fuel rocket fuel], and an oxidizer. Propellants are burned or otherwise decomposed to produce the propellant [[gas]]. Other propellants are simply liquids that can readily be vaporized.
A '''propellant''' is a [[chemical]] which is used in the production of [[energy]] and pressurized gas that is used to create movement of a fluid or to generate [[propulsion]] of a vehicle or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile projectile] or other object. Common propellants are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energetic_materials energetic materials] and consist of a [[fuel]]; like gasoline, jet fuel, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_fuel rocket fuel], and an oxidizer. Propellants are burned or otherwise decomposed to produce the propellant [[gas]]. Other propellants are simply liquids that can readily be vaporized.
In rockets and aircraft propellants are used to produce a gas that can be directed through a nozzle, thereby producing thrust. In rockets, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant rocket propellant] produces an exhaust and the exhausted material is usually expelled under [[pressure]] through a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle nozzle]. The pressure may be from a compressed gas, or a gas produced by a [[chemical]] reaction. The exhaust material may be a gas, liquid, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics) plasma], or, before the chemical reaction, a solid, liquid or gelled. In aircraft, the propellant is usually a [[fuel]] and is combusted with the [[air]].
In rockets and aircraft propellants are used to produce a gas that can be directed through a nozzle, thereby producing thrust. In rockets, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant rocket propellant] produces an exhaust and the exhausted material is usually expelled under [[pressure]] through a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle nozzle]. The pressure may be from a compressed gas, or a gas produced by a [[chemical]] reaction. The exhaust material may be a gas, liquid, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics) plasma], or, before the chemical reaction, a solid, liquid or gelled. In aircraft, the propellant is usually a [[fuel]] and is combusted with the [[air]].
In ballistics propellants fill the interior of an ammunition cartridge or the chamber of a gun or cannon, leading to the expulsion of a bullet or shell ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder gunpowder], smokeless powder, and large gun propellants). [[Explosives]] can be placed in a sealed tube and act as a deflagrant low explosive charge in mining and demolition, to produce a low velocity heave effect (gas pressure blasting).
In ballistics propellants fill the interior of an ammunition cartridge or the chamber of a gun or cannon, leading to the expulsion of a bullet or shell ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder gunpowder], smokeless powder, and large gun propellants). [[Explosives]] can be placed in a sealed tube and act as a deflagrant low explosive charge in mining and demolition, to produce a low velocity heave effect (gas pressure blasting).
Cold gas propellants are used to fill an expansible bag or membrane, such as an automotive airbag (gas generator propellants) or in pressurised dispensing systems, such as aerosol sprays, to force a material through a nozzle. Examples of can propellants include [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide nitrous oxide] that is [[dissolved]] in canned whipped cream, and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_ether dimethyl ether] or low-boiling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane alkane] used in hair spray.
Cold gas propellants are used to fill an expansible bag or membrane, such as an automotive airbag (gas generator propellants) or in pressurised dispensing systems, such as aerosol sprays, to force a material through a nozzle. Examples of can propellants include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide nitrous oxide] that is [[dissolved]] in canned whipped cream, and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_ether dimethyl ether] or low-boiling [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane alkane] used in hair spray.
Technically, the word ''propellant'' is the general name for [[chemicals]] used to create thrust. For vehicles, the term propellant refers only to [[chemicals]] that are stored within the vehicle prior to use, and excludes atmospheric gas or other material that may be collected in operation.
Technically, the word ''propellant'' is the general name for [[chemicals]] used to create thrust. For vehicles, the term propellant refers only to [[chemicals]] that are stored within the vehicle prior to use, and excludes atmospheric gas or other material that may be collected in operation.
Amongst the [[English]]-speaking laymen, used to having fuels propel vehicles on Earth, the word fuel is used. In Germany, the word ''Treibstoff''—[[literally]] "drive-stuff"—is used; in France, the word ''ergols'' is used; it has the same [[Greek]] roots as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergolic hypergolic], a term used in English for propellants which combine [[spontaneously]] and do not have to be set ablaze by auxiliary ignition system.
Amongst the [[English]]-speaking laymen, used to having fuels propel vehicles on Earth, the word fuel is used. In Germany, the word ''Treibstoff''—[[literally]] "drive-stuff"—is used; in France, the word ''ergols'' is used; it has the same [[Greek]] roots as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergolic hypergolic], a term used in English for propellants which combine [[spontaneously]] and do not have to be set ablaze by auxiliary ignition system.
In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket rockets], the most common combinations are ''bipropellants'', which use two chemicals, a fuel and an oxidiser. There is the possibility of a tripropellant combination, which takes advantage of the ability of substances with smaller atoms to attain a greater exhaust velocity, and hence propulsive efficiency, at a given temperature.
In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket rockets], the most common combinations are ''bipropellants'', which use two chemicals, a fuel and an oxidiser. There is the possibility of a tripropellant combination, which takes advantage of the ability of substances with smaller atoms to attain a greater exhaust velocity, and hence propulsive efficiency, at a given temperature.
Although not used in [[practice]], the most developed tripropellant systems involves adding a third propellant tank containing liquid hydrogen to do this.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant]
Although not used in [[practice]], the most developed tripropellant systems involves adding a third propellant tank containing liquid hydrogen to do this.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant]
==See also==
==See also==
*'''''[[Propulsion]]'''''
*'''''[[Propulsion]]'''''