Changes

*1. a. The [[act]], on the part of [[persons]], of resisting, opposing, or withstanding. Const. to, of.

*1. a. The [[act]], on the part of [[persons]], of resisting, opposing, or withstanding. Const. to, of.

:b. Organized covert opposition to an occupying or ruling [[power]]; spec. (usu. with def. article and capital initial) in the war of 1939-45, the '''underground movement formed in France''' (see Description) in June 1940 with the object of resisting the [[authority]] of the German occupying forces and the Vichy government; any organization of this type with similar ends.

:b. Organized covert opposition to an occupying or ruling [[power]]; spec. (usu. with def. article and capital initial) in the war of 1939-45, the '''underground movement formed in France''' (see Description) in June 1940 with the object of resisting the [[authority]] of the German occupying forces and the Vichy government; any organization of this type with similar ends.

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Resistance''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Resistance ]this link].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Resistance''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Resistance '''''this link'''''].</center>

*2. a. [[Power]] or capacity of resisting.

*2. a. [[Power]] or capacity of resisting.

:b. [[Psychoanalysis]]. Opposition, freq. [[unconscious]], to allowing [[memories]] or desires which have been repressed as unacceptable or disruptive to emerge into the conscious [[mind]].

:b. [[Psychoanalysis]]. Opposition, freq. [[unconscious]], to allowing [[memories]] or desires which have been repressed as unacceptable or disruptive to emerge into the conscious [[mind]].

Many countries had resistance [[movements]] dedicated to fighting the Axis invaders, and Germany itself also had an anti-Nazi movement. Although mainland Britain did not suffer the Nazi occupation in [[World War II]], the British made preparations for a British resistance movement, called the Auxiliary Units, in the event of a German invasion. Various organisations were also formed to establish foreign resistance cells or support existing resistance movements, like the British SOE and the American OSS (the forerunner of the CIA).

Many countries had resistance [[movements]] dedicated to fighting the Axis invaders, and Germany itself also had an anti-Nazi movement. Although mainland Britain did not suffer the Nazi occupation in [[World War II]], the British made preparations for a British resistance movement, called the Auxiliary Units, in the event of a German invasion. Various organisations were also formed to establish foreign resistance cells or support existing resistance movements, like the British SOE and the American OSS (the forerunner of the CIA).

There were also resistance movements fighting against the Allied invaders. In Italian East Africa, after the Italian forces were defeated during the East African Campaign, some Italians participated in a guerrilla war against the British (1941 to 1943). The German Nazi resistance movement ("Werwolf") never amounted to much. On the other hand, the "Forest Brothers" of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania included many fighters who fought for the Nazis and operated against the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States into the 1960s. The Forest Brothers were primarily nationalists and, while they were clearly "anti-Soviet," there is little to indicate that they were pro-Nazi. During or after the war, similar "anti-Soviet" resistance rose up in places like Romania, Poland, and western Ukraine. While the Japanese were famous for "fighting to the last man," Japanese holdouts tended to be individually motivated and there is little indication that there was any organized Japanese resistance after the [[war]].

There were also resistance movements fighting against the Allied invaders. In Italian East Africa, after the Italian forces were defeated during the East African Campaign, some Italians participated in a guerrilla war against the British (1941 to 1943). The German Nazi resistance movement ("Werwolf") never amounted to much. On the other hand, the "Forest Brothers" of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania included many fighters who fought for the Nazis and operated against the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States into the 1960s. The Forest Brothers were primarily nationalists and, while they were clearly "anti-Soviet," there is little to indicate that they were pro-Nazi. During or after the war, similar "anti-Soviet" resistance rose up in places like Romania, Poland, and western Ukraine. While the Japanese were famous for "fighting to the last man," Japanese holdouts tended to be individually motivated and there is little indication that there was any organized Japanese resistance after the [[war]].

===Organization===

==Organization==

After the first shock following the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg], people slowly started to get organized, both locally and on a larger scale, especially when Jews and other [[groups]] were starting to be deported and used for the Arbeitseinsatz (working for the Germans). Organisation was dangerous, so much resistance was done by [[individuals]]. The possibilities depended much on the terrain; where there were large tracts of uninhabited land, especially hills and forests, resistance could more easily get organised undetected. This favoured in particular the partisans in Eastern Europe. But also in the much more densely populated Netherlands, the Biesbosch wilderness could be used to go into hiding. In Northern Italy, both the Alps and the Appennines offered shelter to partisan brigades, though many groups operated directly inside the major cities. There were many different types of groups, ranging in activity from humanitarian aid to armed resistance, and sometimes cooperating to a varying degree. Resistance usually arose [[spontaneous]]ly, but was encouraged and helped mainly from London, the "capital of the European resistance" and Moscow (helping the communist partisans) .

After the first shock following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg], people slowly started to get organized, both locally and on a larger scale, especially when Jews and other [[groups]] were starting to be deported and used for the Arbeitseinsatz (working for the Germans). Organisation was dangerous, so much resistance was done by [[individuals]]. The possibilities depended much on the terrain; where there were large tracts of uninhabited land, especially hills and forests, resistance could more easily get organised undetected. This favoured in particular the partisans in Eastern Europe. But also in the much more densely populated Netherlands, the Biesbosch wilderness could be used to go into hiding. In Northern Italy, both the Alps and the Appennines offered shelter to partisan brigades, though many groups operated directly inside the major cities. There were many different types of groups, ranging in activity from humanitarian aid to armed resistance, and sometimes cooperating to a varying degree. Resistance usually arose [[spontaneous]]ly, but was encouraged and helped mainly from London, the "capital of the European resistance" and Moscow (helping the communist partisans) .

===Forms of resistance===

==Forms of resistance==

Various forms of resistance were:

Various forms of resistance were:

*Helping POW with illegal supplies, breakouts, communication,...

*Helping POW with illegal supplies, breakouts, communication,...

*Forgery of documents

*Forgery of documents

===References===

==See also==

==References==

# Anna M

# Anna M

# http://www.vojska.net/eng/world-war-2/yugoslavia/

# https://www.vojska.net/eng/world-war-2/yugoslavia/

# Operation WEISS - The Battle of Neretva

# Operation WEISS - The Battle of Neretva

# Battles & Campaigns during World War 2 in Yugoslavia

# Battles & Campaigns during World War 2 in Yugoslavia

# pp. 343-376, Eyre

# pp. 343-376, Eyre

===External links===

==External links==

* [http://www.resistance-archive.org/ European Resistance Archive]

* [https://www.resistance-archive.org/ European Resistance Archive]

* [http://www.jewishpartisans.net/ Interviews from the Underground] Eyewitness accounts of Russia's Jewish resistance during World War II; website & documentary film.

* [https://www.jewishpartisans.net/ Interviews from the Underground] Eyewitness accounts of Russia's Jewish resistance during World War II; website & documentary film.

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Political Science]]

[[Category: Political Science]]