Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French or [[Latin]]; Anglo-French ''retarder'', from [[Latin]] ''retardare'', from ''re''- + ''tardus'' slow

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French or [[Latin]]; Anglo-French ''retarder'', from [[Latin]] ''retardare'', from ''re''- + ''tardus'' slow

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

:''Retard''

:''Retard''

==Description==

==Description==

:''Mental Retardation''

:''Mental Retardation''

'''Mental retardation''' (MR) is a generalized disorder appearing before [[adulthood]], characterized by significantly impaired [[cognitive]] functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive [[behaviors]]. It has historically been defined as an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Quotient Intelligence Quotient] score under 70. Once [[focused]] almost entirely on [[cognition]], the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to [[individuals]]' functional skills in their [[environment]]. As a result, a [[person]] with a below-average intelligence quotient (BAIQ) may not be considered mentally retarded. ''Syndromic mental retardation'' is [[intellectual]] deficits associated with other medical and [[behavioral]] signs and [[symptoms]]. ''Non-syndromic mental retardation'' refers to intellectual deficits that appear without other abnormalities.

'''Mental retardation''' (MR) is a generalized disorder appearing before [[adulthood]], characterized by significantly impaired [[cognitive]] functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive [[behaviors]]. It has historically been defined as an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Quotient Intelligence Quotient] score under 70. Once [[focused]] almost entirely on [[cognition]], the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to [[individuals]]' functional skills in their [[environment]]. As a result, a [[person]] with a below-average intelligence quotient (BAIQ) may not be considered mentally retarded. ''Syndromic mental retardation'' is [[intellectual]] deficits associated with other medical and [[behavioral]] signs and [[symptoms]]. ''Non-syndromic mental retardation'' refers to intellectual deficits that appear without other abnormalities.

The terms used to describe this condition are subject to a [[process]] called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism_treadmill euphemism treadmill]. This means that whatever term is chosen for this condition, it [[eventually]] becomes perceived as an [[insult]]. The terms mental retardation and mentally retarded were invented in the middle of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century] to replace the previous set of terms, which were deemed to have become offensive. By the end of the 20th century, these terms themselves have come to be widely seen as disparaging and politically incorrect and in need of replacement. The term [[intellectual]] disability or intellectually challenged is now preferred by most [[advocates]] in most [[English]]-speaking countries. Clinically, however, mental retardation is a subtype of intellectual disability, which is a broader [[concept]] and includes intellectual deficits that are too mild to properly qualify as mental retardation, too specific (as in specific learning disability), or acquired later in life, through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_brain_injuries acquired brain injuries] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_diseases neurodegenerative diseases] like [[dementia]]. Intellectual disabilities may appear at any age. [[Developmental]] disability is any disability that is due to [[problems]] with [[growth]] and development. This term [[encompasses]] many [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_medical_condition congenital medical conditions] that have no mental or [[intellectual]] components, although it, too, is sometimes used as a euphemism for MR. Because of its specificity and lack of [[confusion]] with other conditions, mental retardation is still the term most widely used and recommended for use in [[professional]] medical settings, such as formal [[scientific]] [[research]] and health insurance paperwork.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_retardation]

The terms used to describe this condition are subject to a [[process]] called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism_treadmill euphemism treadmill]. This means that whatever term is chosen for this condition, it [[eventually]] becomes perceived as an [[insult]]. The terms mental retardation and mentally retarded were invented in the middle of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century] to replace the previous set of terms, which were deemed to have become offensive. By the end of the 20th century, these terms themselves have come to be widely seen as disparaging and politically incorrect and in need of replacement. The term [[intellectual]] disability or intellectually challenged is now preferred by most [[advocates]] in most [[English]]-speaking countries. Clinically, however, mental retardation is a subtype of intellectual disability, which is a broader [[concept]] and includes intellectual deficits that are too mild to properly qualify as mental retardation, too specific (as in specific learning disability), or acquired later in life, through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_brain_injuries acquired brain injuries] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_diseases neurodegenerative diseases] like [[dementia]]. Intellectual disabilities may appear at any age. [[Developmental]] disability is any disability that is due to [[problems]] with [[growth]] and development. This term [[encompasses]] many [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_medical_condition congenital medical conditions] that have no mental or [[intellectual]] components, although it, too, is sometimes used as a euphemism for MR. Because of its specificity and lack of [[confusion]] with other conditions, mental retardation is still the term most widely used and recommended for use in [[professional]] medical settings, such as formal [[scientific]] [[research]] and health insurance paperwork.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_retardation]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]