Changes

*7:  personification <she is the soul of integrity>

*7:  personification <she is the soul of integrity>

*8:  a strong positive [[feeling]] (as of intense [[sensitivity]] and emotional fervor) conveyed especially by black American performers  

*8:  a strong positive [[feeling]] (as of intense [[sensitivity]] and emotional fervor) conveyed especially by black American performers  

<center>For lessons on the topic of  '''''Soul''''', [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Soul follow '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the topic of  '''''Soul''''', [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Soul follow '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Origin==

==Origin==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''soule'', from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] sāwol; akin to Old High German sēula soul

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''soule'', from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] sāwol; akin to Old High German sēula soul

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century 12th Century]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century 12th Century]

The Modern English [[word]] ''soul'' derived from Old English ''sáwol'', ''sáwel'', first attested to in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_century 8th-century] poem [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf Beowulf] v. 2820 and in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, and is cognate with other Germanic and Baltic terms for the same idea, including Gothic saiwala, Old High German ''sêula'', ''sêla'', Old Saxon ''sêola'', Old Low Franconian ''sêla'', ''sîla'', Old Norse ''sála'' as well as Lithuanian ''siela''. Further etymology of the Germanic word is [[uncertain]]. A more recent suggestion connects it with a root for "binding", Germanic ''sailian'' (OE sēlian, OHG seilen), related to the notion of being "bound" in death, and the [[practice]] of ritually binding or restraining the corpse of the deceased in the [[grave]] to prevent his or her return as a [[ghost]].

The Modern English [[word]] ''soul'' derived from Old English ''sáwol'', ''sáwel'', first attested to in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_century 8th-century] poem [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf Beowulf] v. 2820 and in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, and is cognate with other Germanic and Baltic terms for the same idea, including Gothic saiwala, Old High German ''sêula'', ''sêla'', Old Saxon ''sêola'', Old Low Franconian ''sêla'', ''sîla'', Old Norse ''sála'' as well as Lithuanian ''siela''. Further etymology of the Germanic word is [[uncertain]]. A more recent suggestion connects it with a root for "binding", Germanic ''sailian'' (OE sēlian, OHG seilen), related to the notion of being "bound" in death, and the [[practice]] of ritually binding or restraining the corpse of the deceased in the [[grave]] to prevent his or her return as a [[ghost]].

The word is probably an adaptation by early missionaries—particularly Ulfilas, [[apostle]] to the Goths during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_century 3rd century]—of a native Germanic concept, which was a [[translation]] of Greek ψυχή psychē "[[life]], [[spirit]], [[consciousness]]".

The word is probably an adaptation by early missionaries—particularly Ulfilas, [[apostle]] to the Goths during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_century 3rd century]—of a native Germanic concept, which was a [[translation]] of Greek ψυχή psychē "[[life]], [[spirit]], [[consciousness]]".

The [[Greek]] word is derived from a verb "to cool, to blow" and hence refers to the vital [[breath]], the animating principle in humans and other animals, as opposed to σῶμα (soma) meaning "[[body]]". It could refer to a ghost or spirit of the dead in [[Homer]], and to a more philosophical notion of an [[immortal]] and immaterial [[essence]] left over at death since [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar Pindar]. Latin anima figured as a translation of ψυχή since Terence. Psychē occurs juxtaposed to σῶμα e.g. in [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Matthew#Chapter_10 Matthew 10:28]:

The [[Greek]] word is derived from a verb "to cool, to blow" and hence refers to the vital [[breath]], the animating principle in humans and other animals, as opposed to σῶμα (soma) meaning "[[body]]". It could refer to a ghost or spirit of the dead in [[Homer]], and to a more philosophical notion of an [[immortal]] and immaterial [[essence]] left over at death since [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar Pindar]. Latin anima figured as a translation of ψυχή since Terence. Psychē occurs juxtaposed to σῶμα e.g. in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Matthew#Chapter_10 Matthew 10:28]:

*καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι·

*καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι·

[[Authorized King James Version]] (KJV) "And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear Him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell."

[[Authorized King James Version]] (KJV) "And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear Him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell."

In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] (LXX), ψυχή translates [[Hebrew]] נפש nephesh, meaning "life, vital breath" and specifically refers to a mortal, [[physical]] life, but is in English variously translated as "soul, [[self]], life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, [[desire]], [[emotion]], passion"; e.g. in [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_genesis#Chapter_.1 Genesis 1:20]:

In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] (LXX), ψυχή translates [[Hebrew]] נפש nephesh, meaning "life, vital breath" and specifically refers to a mortal, [[physical]] life, but is in English variously translated as "soul, [[self]], life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, [[desire]], [[emotion]], passion"; e.g. in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_genesis#Chapter_.1 Genesis 1:20]:

* וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה

* וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה