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| [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]] | | [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]] |
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| + | [[Image:Sovgood.jpg|right|frame|<center>a [[state]] of [[love]]?</center>]] |
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| '''Sovereignty''' is the exclusive right to exercise supreme [[political]] (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) [[authority]] over a geographic region, group of people, or oneself. A ''sovereign'' is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other, and most often the [[head of state]]. Thus the legal maxim, "there is no law without a sovereign." | | '''Sovereignty''' is the exclusive right to exercise supreme [[political]] (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) [[authority]] over a geographic region, group of people, or oneself. A ''sovereign'' is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other, and most often the [[head of state]]. Thus the legal maxim, "there is no law without a sovereign." |
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| ==Notion== | | ==Notion== |
| The source or justification of sovereignty ("by God" or "by people") must be distinguished from its exercise by branches of government. In [[democratic]] states, [[popular sovereignty|sovereignty]] is held by the people. This is known as [[popular sovereignty]]; it may be exercised directly, as in a [[popular assembly]], or, more commonly, indirectly through the election of representatives to government. This is known as a [[representative democracy]], a system of government currently used in most western nations and former colonies. Popular sovereignty also exists in other forms, such as in [[constitutional monarchies]], usually identical in political reality as in the [[Commonwealth Realm]]s. Systems of representative democracy can also be mixed with other methods of government, for instance the use of [[referendum|referenda]] in many countries . | | The source or justification of sovereignty ("by God" or "by people") must be distinguished from its exercise by branches of government. In [[democratic]] states, [[popular sovereignty|sovereignty]] is held by the people. This is known as [[popular sovereignty]]; it may be exercised directly, as in a [[popular assembly]], or, more commonly, indirectly through the election of representatives to government. This is known as a [[representative democracy]], a system of government currently used in most western nations and former colonies. Popular sovereignty also exists in other forms, such as in [[constitutional monarchies]], usually identical in political reality as in the [[Commonwealth Realm]]s. Systems of representative democracy can also be mixed with other methods of government, for instance the use of [[referendum|referenda]] in many countries . |
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| + | <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''[[Sovereignty]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Sovereignty this link].</center> |
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| In this model, national sovereignty is of an eternal origin, such as nature, or a god, legitimating the [[Divine Right of Kings|divine right of kings]] in [[absolute monarchy|absolute monarchies]] or a [[theocracy]]. | | In this model, national sovereignty is of an eternal origin, such as nature, or a god, legitimating the [[Divine Right of Kings|divine right of kings]] in [[absolute monarchy|absolute monarchies]] or a [[theocracy]]. |
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| The adjective form can also be used in a Monarch's full style, as in pre-imperial Russia, 16 January, 1547 - 22 November, 1721: ''Bozhiyeyu Milostiyu Velikiy/Velikaya '''Gosudar'/Gosudarynya''' Tsar'/Tsaritsa i Velikiy/Velikaya Knyaz'/Knyaginya N.N. vseya Rossiy Samodyerzhets'' "By the Grace of God Great '''Sovereign Tsar'''/Tsarina and Grand Prince/Princess, N.N., of All Russia, Autocrat" | | The adjective form can also be used in a Monarch's full style, as in pre-imperial Russia, 16 January, 1547 - 22 November, 1721: ''Bozhiyeyu Milostiyu Velikiy/Velikaya '''Gosudar'/Gosudarynya''' Tsar'/Tsaritsa i Velikiy/Velikaya Knyaz'/Knyaginya N.N. vseya Rossiy Samodyerzhets'' "By the Grace of God Great '''Sovereign Tsar'''/Tsarina and Grand Prince/Princess, N.N., of All Russia, Autocrat" |
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− | ==See also==
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− | * ''[[Seigniorage]]'', the sovereign power to issue money
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− | * ''[[Basileus]]''
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− | * [[Rousseau]]'s classic theory of [[popular sovereignty]]
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− | * [[Carl Schmitt]]'s theory of sovereignty as the power to ''decide'' the instauration of the [[state of emergency|state of exception]] (according to [[Giorgio Agamben]], a response to [[Walter Benjamin]]'s theorization of a "pure violence" unrelated with law)
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− | * [[Colonization]]
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− | * [[Constitutive theory of statehood]]
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− | * [[Declarative theory of statehood]]
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− | * [[Dictatorship]]
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− | * [[Divine right of kings]] ([[Jean Bodin|Bodin]], [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], etc.)
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− | * [[Leadership]]
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− | * [[Montevideo Convention]]
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− | * [[Neo-medievalism]]
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− | * [[Non-Intervention|Non-intervention]]
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− | * [[Plenary authority]]
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− | * [[Puerto Rican Independence Movement]]
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− | * [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]]
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− | * [[Self-determination]]
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− | * [[Self-ownership]]
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− | * [[Social contract]] theories (Hobbes, [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]])
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− | * [[State]]
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− | * [[Suzerainty]]
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− | * [[Parliamentary sovereignty]]
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− | * [[Popular sovereignty]]
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− | * [[Sovereigntist]]
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− | * [[Westphalian sovereignty]]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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− | * [http://www.law.ufl.edu/faculty/publications/pdf/sov.pdf The Changing Character of Sovereignty in International Law and International Relations] by Winston P. Nagan and Craig Hammer of the Levine College of Law, University of Florida | + | * [https://www.law.ufl.edu/faculty/publications/pdf/sov.pdf The Changing Character of Sovereignty in International Law and International Relations] by Winston P. Nagan and Craig Hammer of the Levine College of Law, University of Florida |
− | * [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sovereign&searchmode=none Etymology OnLine] | + | * [https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sovereign&searchmode=none Etymology OnLine] |
− | * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sovereignty/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] | + | * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sovereignty/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] |
− | * [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=990885 The Extinction of Nation-States] | + | * [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=990885 The Extinction of Nation-States] |
− | * [http://kennedy.byu.edu/partners/WFPC/alrfouh.html Protection of national sovereign rights under international law] | + | * [https://kennedy.byu.edu/partners/WFPC/alrfouh.html Protection of national sovereign rights under international law] |
− | * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen] | + | * [https://www.worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen] |
− | * ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2882397.stm Catalan bid for 'sovereignty']'', BBC NEWS | + | * ''[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2882397.stm Catalan bid for 'sovereignty']'', BBC NEWS |
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| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
− | *[http://www.burneylawfirm.com/international_law_primer.htm A Brief Primer on International Law] | + | *[https://www.burneylawfirm.com/international_law_primer.htm A Brief Primer on International Law] |
− | *[http://www.un.org Official United Nations website] | + | *[https://www.un.org Official United Nations website] |
− | *[http://www.un.org/law Official UN website on International Law] | + | *[https://www.un.org/law Official UN website on International Law] |
− | *[http://www.icj-cij.org/ Official website of the International Court of Justice] | + | *[https://www.icj-cij.org/ Official website of the International Court of Justice] |
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| [[Category: General Reference]] | | [[Category: General Reference]] |
− | '''Bold text'''
| + | [[Category: Political Science]] |