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Surveillance is very useful to governments and [[law]] enforcement to maintain [[social]] control, recognize and monitor threats, and prevent/investigate criminal activity. With the advent of programs such as the [[Total Information Awareness]] program and ADVISE, technologies such as high speed surveillance computers and [[biometrics]] software, and laws such as the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, governments now possess an unprecedented ability to monitor the activities of their [[citizens]].[2]
Surveillance is very useful to governments and [[law]] enforcement to maintain [[social]] control, recognize and monitor threats, and prevent/investigate criminal activity. With the advent of programs such as the [[Total Information Awareness]] program and ADVISE, technologies such as high speed surveillance computers and [[biometrics]] software, and laws such as the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, governments now possess an unprecedented ability to monitor the activities of their [[citizens]].[2]
However, many civil rights and [[privacy]] groups such as the [http://www.eff.org|Electronic Frontier Foundation] and [http://www.aclu.org|ACLU] have expressed concern that by allowing continual increases in government surveillance of citizens that we will end up in a mass surveillance [[society]], with extremely limited, or non-existent political and/or personal freedoms. Fears such as this have lead to numerous lawsuits such as Hepting v. AT&T.[2][3]
However, many civil rights and [[privacy]] groups such as the [https://www.eff.org|Electronic Frontier Foundation] and [https://www.aclu.org|ACLU] have expressed concern that by allowing continual increases in government surveillance of citizens that we will end up in a mass surveillance [[society]], with extremely limited, or non-existent political and/or personal freedoms. Fears such as this have lead to numerous lawsuits such as Hepting v. AT&T.[2][3]
==Types of surveillance==
==Types of surveillance==
===Computer surveillance===
===Computer surveillance===
* A song titled "Crazy" by Brett Dennen discusses satellites watching people from outer space.
* A song titled "Crazy" by Brett Dennen discusses satellites watching people from outer space.
==See also==
==See also==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_(FBI) Carnivore (FBI)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_(FBI) Carnivore (FBI)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO COINTELPRO]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO COINTELPRO]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON ECHELON]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON ECHELON]
==References==
==References==
# OED
# OED
# "Is the U.S. Turning Into a Surveillance Society?" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union. http://www.aclu.org/privacy/gen/index.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Is the U.S. Turning Into a Surveillance Society?" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union. https://www.aclu.org/privacy/gen/index.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Bigger Monster, Weaker Chains: The Growth of an American Surveillance Society" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union. January 15, 2003. http://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/aclu_report_bigger_monster_weaker_chains.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Bigger Monster, Weaker Chains: The Growth of an American Surveillance Society" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union. January 15, 2003. https://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/aclu_report_bigger_monster_weaker_chains.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau (August, 2008). "Internet Eavesdropping: A Brave New World of Wiretapping" (in English). Scientific American. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=internet-eavesdropping. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau (August, 2008). "Internet Eavesdropping: A Brave New World of Wiretapping" (in English). Scientific American. https://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=internet-eavesdropping. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "CALEA Archive -- Electronic Frontier Foundation" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). http://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/CALEA/?f=archive.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "CALEA Archive -- Electronic Frontier Foundation" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/CALEA/?f=archive.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "CALEA: The Perils of Wiretapping the Internet" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). http://www.eff.org/issues/calea. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "CALEA: The Perils of Wiretapping the Internet" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). https://www.eff.org/issues/calea. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "CALEA: Frequently Asked Questions" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). http://www.eff.org/pages/calea-faq. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "CALEA: Frequently Asked Questions" (in English). Electronic Frontier Foundation (website). https://www.eff.org/pages/calea-faq. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
#Hill, Michael (October 11, 2004). "Government funds chat room surveillance research" (in English). Associated Press (USA Today). http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/surveillance/2004-10-11-chatroom-surv_x.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
#Hill, Michael (October 11, 2004). "Government funds chat room surveillance research" (in English). Associated Press (USA Today). https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/surveillance/2004-10-11-chatroom-surv_x.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# McCullagh, Declan (January 30, 2007). "FBI turns to broad new wiretap method" (in English). ZDNet News. http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-151059.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# McCullagh, Declan (January 30, 2007). "FBI turns to broad new wiretap method" (in English). ZDNet News. https://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-151059.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "FBI's Secret Spyware Tracks Down Teen Who Made Bomb Threats". Wired Magazine. 2007-07-18. http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2007/07/fbi_spyware.
# "FBI's Secret Spyware Tracks Down Teen Who Made Bomb Threats". Wired Magazine. 2007-07-18. https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2007/07/fbi_spyware.
# McNamara, Joel. "Complete, Unofficial Tempest Page" (in English). http://www.eskimo.com/~joelm/tempest.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-12.
# McNamara, Joel. "Complete, Unofficial Tempest Page" (in English). https://www.eskimo.com/~joelm/tempest.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-12.
# Van Eck, Wim (1985). "Electromagnetic Radiation from Video Display Units: An Eavesdropping Risk?". Computers & Security 4: 269–286. doi:10.1016/0167-4048(85)90046-X. http://jya.com/emr.pdf.
# Van Eck, Wim (1985). "Electromagnetic Radiation from Video Display Units: An Eavesdropping Risk?". Computers & Security 4: 269–286. doi:10.1016/0167-4048(85)90046-X. https://jya.com/emr.pdf.
# Kuhn, M.G. (2004). "Electromagnetic Eavesdropping Risks of Flat-Panel Displays". 4th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies: 23–25. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/pet2004-fpd.pdf.
# Kuhn, M.G. (2004). "Electromagnetic Eavesdropping Risks of Flat-Panel Displays". 4th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies: 23–25. https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/pet2004-fpd.pdf.
# "E-Mail Surveillance Renews Concerns in Congress" (in English). New York Times: pp. A1. June 16, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/us/17nsa.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2&hp. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
# "E-Mail Surveillance Renews Concerns in Congress" (in English). New York Times: pp. A1. June 16, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/us/17nsa.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2&hp. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
# Ambinder, Marc (June 16, 2009). "Pinwale And The New NSA Revelations" (in English). The Atlantic. http://politics.theatlantic.com/2009/06/pinwale_and_the_new_nsa_revelations.php. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
# Ambinder, Marc (June 16, 2009). "Pinwale And The New NSA Revelations" (in English). The Atlantic. https://politics.theatlantic.com/2009/06/pinwale_and_the_new_nsa_revelations.php. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
# Singel, Ryan (September 10, 2007). "Rogue FBI Letters Hint at Phone Companies' Own Data Mining Programs - Updated" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/09/rogue-fbi-lette.html#previouspost. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Singel, Ryan (September 10, 2007). "Rogue FBI Letters Hint at Phone Companies' Own Data Mining Programs - Updated" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). https://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/09/rogue-fbi-lette.html#previouspost. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Roland, Neil (March 20, 2007). "Mueller Orders Audit of 56 FBI Offices for Secret Subpoenas" (in English). Bloomberg News. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aBd9Zzld22w0&refer=home. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Roland, Neil (March 20, 2007). "Mueller Orders Audit of 56 FBI Offices for Secret Subpoenas" (in English). Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aBd9Zzld22w0&refer=home. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Piller, Charles; Eric Lichtblau (July 29, 2002). "FBI Plans to Fight Terror With High-Tech Arsenal" (in English). LA Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2002/jul/29/nation/na-technology29. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Piller, Charles; Eric Lichtblau (July 29, 2002). "FBI Plans to Fight Terror With High-Tech Arsenal" (in English). LA Times. https://articles.latimes.com/2002/jul/29/nation/na-technology29. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# McCullagh, Declan; Anne Broache (December 1, 2006). "FBI taps cell phone mic as eavesdropping tool" (in English). CNet News. http://news.cnet.com/FBI-taps-cell-phone-mic-as-eavesdropping-tool/2100-1029_3-6140191.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# McCullagh, Declan; Anne Broache (December 1, 2006). "FBI taps cell phone mic as eavesdropping tool" (in English). CNet News. https://news.cnet.com/FBI-taps-cell-phone-mic-as-eavesdropping-tool/2100-1029_3-6140191.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Odell, Mark (August 1, 2005). "Use of mobile helped police keep tabs on suspect" (in English). Financial Times. http://news.ft.com/cms/s/7166b8a2-02cb-11da-84e5-00000e2511c8.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Odell, Mark (August 1, 2005). "Use of mobile helped police keep tabs on suspect" (in English). Financial Times. https://news.ft.com/cms/s/7166b8a2-02cb-11da-84e5-00000e2511c8.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "Telephones" (in English). Western Regional Security Office (NOAA official site). 2001. http://www.wrc.noaa.gov/wrso/security_guide/telephon.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-22.
# "Telephones" (in English). Western Regional Security Office (NOAA official site). 2001. https://www.wrc.noaa.gov/wrso/security_guide/telephon.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-22.
# "Tracking a suspect by mobile phone" (in English). BBC News. August 3, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4738219.stm. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "Tracking a suspect by mobile phone" (in English). BBC News. August 3, 2005. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4738219.stm. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Miller, Joshua (March 14, 2009). "Cell Phone Tracking Can Locate Terrorists - But Only Where It's Legal" (in English). FOX News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,509211,00.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Miller, Joshua (March 14, 2009). "Cell Phone Tracking Can Locate Terrorists - But Only Where It's Legal" (in English). FOX News. https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,509211,00.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "Warrantless Location Tracking" (in English). N.Y.U. Law Review. 2008. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1092293. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.
# "Warrantless Location Tracking" (in English). N.Y.U. Law Review. 2008. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1092293. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.
# "Britain is 'surveillance society'" (in English). BBC News. November 2, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6108496.stm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Britain is 'surveillance society'" (in English). BBC News. November 2, 2006. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6108496.stm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Spielman, Fran (February 19, 2009). "Surveillance cams help fight crime, city says" (in English). Chicago Sun Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/1440402,mayor-daley-emergency-surveillance-cameras.article. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Spielman, Fran (February 19, 2009). "Surveillance cams help fight crime, city says" (in English). Chicago Sun Times. https://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/1440402,mayor-daley-emergency-surveillance-cameras.article. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Schorn, Daniel (September 6, 2006). "We're Watching: How Chicago Authorities Keep An Eye On The City" (in English). CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/05/five_years/main1968121.shtml. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Schorn, Daniel (September 6, 2006). "We're Watching: How Chicago Authorities Keep An Eye On The City" (in English). CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/05/five_years/main1968121.shtml. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Klein, Naomi (May 29, 2008). "China's All-Seeing Eye" (in English). Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/20797485/chinas_allseeing_eye/print. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Klein, Naomi (May 29, 2008). "China's All-Seeing Eye" (in English). Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/20797485/chinas_allseeing_eye/print. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# "Another Tool for Big Brother?" (in English). Associated Press (Wired News). July 2, 2003. http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/07/59471. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# "Another Tool for Big Brother?" (in English). Associated Press (Wired News). July 2, 2003. https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/07/59471. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Bonsor, K.. "How Facial Recognition Systems Work". http://computer.howstuffworks.com/facial-recognition.htm. Retrieved on 2006-06-18.
# Bonsor, K.. "How Facial Recognition Systems Work". https://computer.howstuffworks.com/facial-recognition.htm. Retrieved on 2006-06-18.
# McNealy, Scott. "Privacy is (Virtually) Dead". http://www.jrnyquist.com/aug20/privacy.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-24.
# McNealy, Scott. "Privacy is (Virtually) Dead". https://www.jrnyquist.com/aug20/privacy.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-24.
# "Mayor Fenty Launches VIPS Program; New System Will Consolidate City’s Closed-Circuit TV Monitoring" (in English). www.dc.gov. April 8, 2008. http://www.dc.gov/mayor/news/release.asp?id=1273&mon=200804. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Mayor Fenty Launches VIPS Program; New System Will Consolidate City’s Closed-Circuit TV Monitoring" (in English). www.dc.gov. April 8, 2008. https://www.dc.gov/mayor/news/release.asp?id=1273&mon=200804. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "EPIC Video Surveillance Information Page" (in English). EPIC. http://epic.org/privacy/surveillance/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "EPIC Video Surveillance Information Page" (in English). EPIC. https://epic.org/privacy/surveillance/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Keefe, Patrick (March 12, 2006). ", Can Network Theory Thwart Terrorists?" (in English). New York Times.
# Keefe, Patrick (March 12, 2006). ", Can Network Theory Thwart Terrorists?" (in English). New York Times.
# Albrechtslund, Anders (March 3, 2008). "Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance" (in English). First Monday 13 (3). http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2142/1949. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Albrechtslund, Anders (March 3, 2008). "Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance" (in English). First Monday 13 (3). https://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2142/1949. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Fuchs, Christian (2009) (in English). Social Networking Sites and the Surveillance Society. A Critical Case Study of the Usage of studiVZ, Facebook, and MySpace by Students in Salzburg in the Context of Electronic Surveillance. Salzburg and Vienna: Forschungsgruppe Unified Theory of Information. ISBN 978-3-200-01428-2. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=3&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffuchs.icts.sbg.ac.at%2FSNS_Surveillance_Fuchs.pdf&ei=2XG7SY6PI4GEsQP2v9VI&usg=AFQjCNGKqGRfx90BvrQgdCZbfLfSLCqE5A&sig2=1THunpIf4nMT4MV79FGufQ. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Fuchs, Christian (2009) (in English). Social Networking Sites and the Surveillance Society. A Critical Case Study of the Usage of studiVZ, Facebook, and MySpace by Students in Salzburg in the Context of Electronic Surveillance. Salzburg and Vienna: Forschungsgruppe Unified Theory of Information. ISBN 978-3-200-01428-2. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=3&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffuchs.icts.sbg.ac.at%2FSNS_Surveillance_Fuchs.pdf&ei=2XG7SY6PI4GEsQP2v9VI&usg=AFQjCNGKqGRfx90BvrQgdCZbfLfSLCqE5A&sig2=1THunpIf4nMT4MV79FGufQ. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Ethier, Jason. "Current Research in Social Network Theory" (in English). Northeastern University College of Computer and Infomation Science. http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/perrolle/archive/Ethier-SocialNetworks.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-15.
# Ethier, Jason. "Current Research in Social Network Theory" (in English). Northeastern University College of Computer and Infomation Science. https://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/perrolle/archive/Ethier-SocialNetworks.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-15.
# Marks, Paul (June 9, 2006). "Pentagon sets its sights on social networking websites" (in English). New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19025556.200?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nsref=mg19025556.200. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
# Marks, Paul (June 9, 2006). "Pentagon sets its sights on social networking websites" (in English). New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19025556.200?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nsref=mg19025556.200. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
#Kawamoto, Dawn (June 9, 2006). "Is the NSA reading your MySpace profile?" (in English). CNET News. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6082047-7.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
#Kawamoto, Dawn (June 9, 2006). "Is the NSA reading your MySpace profile?" (in English). CNET News. https://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6082047-7.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
# Ressler, Steve (July 2006). "Social Network Analysis as an Approach to Combat Terrorism: Past, Present, and Future Research" (in English). Homeland Security Affairs Volume II (2). http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=2.2.8. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Ressler, Steve (July 2006). "Social Network Analysis as an Approach to Combat Terrorism: Past, Present, and Future Research" (in English). Homeland Security Affairs Volume II (2). https://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=2.2.8. Retrieved on March 14, 2009.
# Singel, Ryan (October 29, 2007). "AT&T Invents Programming Language for Mass Surveillance" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/10/att-invents-pro.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Singel, Ryan (October 29, 2007). "AT&T Invents Programming Language for Mass Surveillance" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). https://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/10/att-invents-pro.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Singel, Ryan (October 16, 2007). "Legally Questionable FBI Requests for Calling Circle Info More Widespread than Previously Known" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/10/legally-questio.html#previouspost. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Singel, Ryan (October 16, 2007). "Legally Questionable FBI Requests for Calling Circle Info More Widespread than Previously Known" (in English). Threat Level (Wired). https://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/10/legally-questio.html#previouspost. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
# Havenstein, Heather (September 12, 2008). "One in five employers uses social networks in hiring process" (in English). Computer World. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9114560. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Havenstein, Heather (September 12, 2008). "One in five employers uses social networks in hiring process" (in English). Computer World. https://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9114560. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Woodward, John; Christopher Horn, Julius Gatune, and Aryn Thomas (2003) (in English). Biometrics: A Look at Facial Recognition. RAND Corporation. ISBN 0-8330-3302-6.
# Woodward, John; Christopher Horn, Julius Gatune, and Aryn Thomas (2003) (in English). Biometrics: A Look at Facial Recognition. RAND Corporation. ISBN 0-8330-3302-6.
# Frank, Thomas (May 10, 2007). "Face recognition next in terror fight". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-05-10-facial-recognition-terrorism_N.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
# Frank, Thomas (May 10, 2007). "Face recognition next in terror fight". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-05-10-facial-recognition-terrorism_N.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-16.
# Vlahos, James (January 2008). "Surveillance Society: New High-Tech Cameras Are Watching You" (in English). Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/4236865.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Vlahos, James (January 2008). "Surveillance Society: New High-Tech Cameras Are Watching You" (in English). Popular Mechanics. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/4236865.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Nakashima, Ellen (December 22, 2007). "FBI Prepares Vast Database Of Biometrics: $1 Billion Project to Include Images of Irises and Faces" (in English). Washington Post: pp. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/21/AR2007122102544.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
# Nakashima, Ellen (December 22, 2007). "FBI Prepares Vast Database Of Biometrics: $1 Billion Project to Include Images of Irises and Faces" (in English). Washington Post: pp. A01. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/21/AR2007122102544.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
# Arena, Kelly; Carol Cratty (February 4, 2008). "FBI wants palm prints, eye scans, tattoo mapping" (in English). CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/02/04/fbi.biometrics/. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Arena, Kelly; Carol Cratty (February 4, 2008). "FBI wants palm prints, eye scans, tattoo mapping" (in English). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/02/04/fbi.biometrics/. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Gross, Grant (February 13, 2008). "Lockheed wins $1 billion FBI biometric contract". IDG News Service (InfoWorld). http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/02/13/Lockheed-wins-1B-FBI-biometric-contract_1.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# Gross, Grant (February 13, 2008). "Lockheed wins $1 billion FBI biometric contract". IDG News Service (InfoWorld). https://www.infoworld.com/article/08/02/13/Lockheed-wins-1B-FBI-biometric-contract_1.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# "LAPD: We Know That Mug" (in English). Associated Press (Wired Magazine). December 26, 2004. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/12/66142. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# "LAPD: We Know That Mug" (in English). Associated Press (Wired Magazine). December 26, 2004. https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/12/66142. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# Dotinga, Randy (October 14, 2004). "Can't Hide Your Lying ... Face?" (in English). Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/10/65322. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# Dotinga, Randy (October 14, 2004). "Can't Hide Your Lying ... Face?" (in English). Wired Magazine. https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/10/65322. Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
# Gasparre, Richard (January 25, 2008). "The U.S. and Unmanned Flight: Part 1" (in English). airforce-technology.com. http://www.airforce-technology.com/features/feature1528/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Gasparre, Richard (January 25, 2008). "The U.S. and Unmanned Flight: Part 1" (in English). airforce-technology.com. https://www.airforce-technology.com/features/feature1528/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Fickes, Michael (October 1, 2004). "Automated Eye In The Sky" (in English). GovernmentSecurity.com. http://govtsecurity.com/mag/automated_eye_sky/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Fickes, Michael (October 1, 2004). "Automated Eye In The Sky" (in English). GovernmentSecurity.com. https://govtsecurity.com/mag/automated_eye_sky/. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
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# anonymous (26 Jan, 2006). "Information on the Confidential Source in the Auburn Arrests" (in English). Portland Indymedia. http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2006/01/332735.shtml. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
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# Myers, Lisa (December 14, 2005). "Is the Pentagon spying on Americans?" (in English). NBC Nightly News (msnbc.com). https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10454316. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Senate Hearing: The Use Of Informants In FBI Domestic Intelligence Investigations" (in English). SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILED STAFF REPORTS ON INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS. U.S. Senate. April 23, 1976. http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIId.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "Senate Hearing: The Use Of Informants In FBI Domestic Intelligence Investigations" (in English). SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILED STAFF REPORTS ON INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS. U.S. Senate. April 23, 1976. https://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIId.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
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# Wolf, Paul. "COINTELPRO" (in English). (online collection of historical documents). http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# Wolf, Paul. "COINTELPRO" (in English). (online collection of historical documents). https://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
# "SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILED STAFF REPORTS ON INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS: ... DOMESTIC CIA AND FBI MAIL OPENING PROGRAMS" (in English). SELECT COMMITTEE TO STUDY GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES UNITED STATES SENATE. April 23, 1976. http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIh.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# "SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILED STAFF REPORTS ON INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS: ... DOMESTIC CIA AND FBI MAIL OPENING PROGRAMS" (in English). SELECT COMMITTEE TO STUDY GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES UNITED STATES SENATE. April 23, 1976. https://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIh.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-13.
# Goldstein, Robert (April 23, 2001) (in English). Political repression in modern America from 1870 to 1976. University of Illinois Press. pp. 466. ISBN 978-0252069642.
# Goldstein, Robert (April 23, 2001) (in English). Political repression in modern America from 1870 to 1976. University of Illinois Press. pp. 466. ISBN 978-0252069642.
# Sprenger, Polly (January 26, 1999). "Sun on Privacy: 'Get Over It'" (in English). Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/01/17538. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Sprenger, Polly (January 26, 1999). "Sun on Privacy: 'Get Over It'" (in English). Wired Magazine. https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/01/17538. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Baig, Edward; Marcia Stepanek, Neil Gross (April 5, 1999). "Privacy" (in English). Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_14/b3623028.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Baig, Edward; Marcia Stepanek, Neil Gross (April 5, 1999). "Privacy" (in English). Business Week. https://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_14/b3623028.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Solove, Daniel (July 12, 2007). "'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy" (in English). San Diego Law Review (George Washington University Law School) 44. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=998565. Retrieved on March 16, 2009.
# Solove, Daniel (July 12, 2007). "'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy" (in English). San Diego Law Review (George Washington University Law School) 44. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=998565. Retrieved on March 16, 2009.
# Jensen, Derrick; George Draffan (2004) (in English). Welcome To The Machine: Science, Surveillance, and the Culture of Control. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp. 131. ISBN 978-1931498524.
# Jensen, Derrick; George Draffan (2004) (in English). Welcome To The Machine: Science, Surveillance, and the Culture of Control. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp. 131. ISBN 978-1931498524.
# "Something to Hide: Writers and Artists Against The Surveillance State" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union (official site). http://www.aclu.org/somethingtohide/. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# "Something to Hide: Writers and Artists Against The Surveillance State" (in English). American Civil Liberties Union (official site). https://www.aclu.org/somethingtohide/. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Schneier, Bruce (May 18, 2006). "The Eternal Value of Privacy" (in English). Wired News. http://www.schneier.com/essay-114.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Schneier, Bruce (May 18, 2006). "The Eternal Value of Privacy" (in English). Wired News. https://www.schneier.com/essay-114.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Stevens, Toby (February 25, 2009). "« Biometrics and Privacy" (in English). ComputerWeekly. http://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/the-data-trust-blog/2009/02/debunking-a-myth-if-you-have-n.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Stevens, Toby (February 25, 2009). "« Biometrics and Privacy" (in English). ComputerWeekly. https://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/the-data-trust-blog/2009/02/debunking-a-myth-if-you-have-n.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
# Foucault, Michel (1979) (in English). Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 201-202.
# Foucault, Michel (1979) (in English). Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 201-202.
# Birch, Dave (2005-07-14). "The age of sousveillance". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jul/14/comment.comment. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
# Birch, Dave (2005-07-14). "The age of sousveillance". The Guardian. https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jul/14/comment.comment. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Garfinkel, Simson, Database Nation; The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-596-00105-3
* Garfinkel, Simson, Database Nation; The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-596-00105-3
==External links==
==External links==
===General Information on Surveillance===
===General Information on Surveillance===
*[http://epic.org/privacy/default.html Privacy Information Center]
*[https://epic.org/privacy/default.html Privacy Information Center]
*[http://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/surveillance_report.pdf The Surveillance-Industrial Complex: How the American Government Is Conscripting Businesses and Individuals in the Construction of a Surveillance Society]
*[https://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/surveillance_report.pdf The Surveillance-Industrial Complex: How the American Government Is Conscripting Businesses and Individuals in the Construction of a Surveillance Society]
*[http://www.eff.org/issues/privacy EFF Privacy Resources]
*[https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy EFF Privacy Resources]
*[http://epic.org/privacy/privacy_resources_faq.html EPIC Privacy Resources]
*[https://epic.org/privacy/privacy_resources_faq.html EPIC Privacy Resources]
*[http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/data_protection/practical_application/surveillance_society_full_report_2006.pdf A Report on the Surveillance Society for the Information Commissioner by the Surveillance Studies Network, September, 2006]
*[https://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/data_protection/practical_application/surveillance_society_full_report_2006.pdf A Report on the Surveillance Society for the Information Commissioner by the Surveillance Studies Network, September, 2006]
===Historical Information===
===Historical Information===
* [http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm COINTELPRO] -- FBI counterintelligence programs designed to neutralize political dissidents.
* [https://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm COINTELPRO] -- FBI counterintelligence programs designed to neutralize political dissidents.
===Legal Resources===
===Legal Resources===
*[http://www.eff.org/cases EFF Legal Cases]
*[https://www.eff.org/cases EFF Legal Cases]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20080307143322/http://www.ss8.com/pdfs/Ready_Guide_Download_Version.pdf Guide to lawful intercept legislation around the world]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080307143322/https://www.ss8.com/pdfs/Ready_Guide_Download_Version.pdf Guide to lawful intercept legislation around the world]
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
