Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] ''universum'', from neuter of ''universus'' entire, whole, from ''uni''- + ''versus'' turned toward, from past participle of ''vertere'' to turn

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] ''universum'', from neuter of ''universus'' entire, whole, from ''uni''- + ''versus'' turned toward, from past participle of ''vertere'' to turn

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1:  the whole body of [[things]] and [[phenomena]] observed or postulated :  [[cosmos]]: as

*1:  the whole body of [[things]] and [[phenomena]] observed or postulated :  [[cosmos]]: as

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Nebadon]]''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Nebadon '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Nebadon]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Nebadon '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Spacetime]]''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Spacetime '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Spacetime]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Spacetime '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Description==

==Description==

The '''Universe''' is defined as the summation of all [[particles]] and [[energy]] that exist and the [[space-time]] in which all events occur. Based on observations of the portion of [[the universe]] that is observable, physicists attempt to describe the whole of space-time, including all [[matter]] and [[energy]] and events which occur, as a single system corresponding to a [[mathematical model]].

The '''Universe''' is defined as the summation of all [[particles]] and [[energy]] that exist and the [[space-time]] in which all events occur. Based on observations of the portion of [[the universe]] that is observable, physicists attempt to describe the whole of space-time, including all [[matter]] and [[energy]] and events which occur, as a single system corresponding to a [[mathematical model]].

The generally accepted scientific [[theory]] which describes the origin and [[evolution]] of the universe is [[Big Bang]] [[cosmology]], which describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot and dense state of [[unknown]] characteristics. The universe underwent a rapid period of cosmic [[inflation]] that flattened out nearly all initial irregularities in the energy density; thereafter the universe expanded and became steadily cooler and less dense. Minor variations in the distribution of mass resulted in [[hierarchical]] [[segregation]] of the features that are found in the current universe; such as clusters and [[supercluster]]s of [[galaxies]].  There are more than one hundred billion galaxies in the universe,[http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/billions.html] To see the Universe in a Grain of Taranaki Sand, Swinburne University each containing hundreds of billions of stars, with each star containing about 10x57th power of [[atoms]] of hydrogen.

The generally accepted scientific [[theory]] which describes the origin and [[evolution]] of the universe is [[Big Bang]] [[cosmology]], which describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot and dense state of [[unknown]] characteristics. The universe underwent a rapid period of cosmic [[inflation]] that flattened out nearly all initial irregularities in the energy density; thereafter the universe expanded and became steadily cooler and less dense. Minor variations in the distribution of mass resulted in [[hierarchical]] [[segregation]] of the features that are found in the current universe; such as clusters and [[supercluster]]s of [[galaxies]].  There are more than one hundred billion galaxies in the universe,[https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/billions.html] To see the Universe in a Grain of Taranaki Sand, Swinburne University each containing hundreds of billions of stars, with each star containing about 10x57th power of [[atoms]] of hydrogen.

In the same way that the ''[[Moon]]'' refers to our ([[Earth]]'s) moon, ''the Universe'' is used by some cosmologists to refer to our universe.  In this article, ''the Universe'' is equivalent to ''our observable universe''.

In the same way that the ''[[Moon]]'' refers to our ([[Earth]]'s) moon, ''the Universe'' is used by some cosmologists to refer to our universe.  In this article, ''the Universe'' is equivalent to ''our observable universe''.

Theoretical and [[Physical cosmology|observational cosmologists]] vary in their usage of the term ''the Universe''  to mean either this whole system or just a part of this system. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-5037 JSTOR: One Universe or Many?]

Theoretical and [[Physical cosmology|observational cosmologists]] vary in their usage of the term ''the Universe''  to mean either this whole system or just a part of this system. [https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-5037 JSTOR: One Universe or Many?]

As used by observational cosmologists, ''[[the Universe]]'' most frequently refers to the [[finite]] part of [[space-time]]. The Universe is directly observable by making [[observation]]s using [[telescope]]s and other detectors, and by using the methods of theoretical and empirical [[physics]] for studying its components. Physical cosmologists assume that the observable part of ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_distance comoving]) space (also called ''our universe'') corresponds to a part of a model of the whole of space, and usually not to the whole space. They use the term ''the Universe'' ambiguously to mean either the observable part of space, the observable part of space-time, or the entire space-time.

As used by observational cosmologists, ''[[the Universe]]'' most frequently refers to the [[finite]] part of [[space-time]]. The Universe is directly observable by making [[observation]]s using [[telescope]]s and other detectors, and by using the methods of theoretical and empirical [[physics]] for studying its components. Physical cosmologists assume that the observable part of ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_distance comoving]) space (also called ''our universe'') corresponds to a part of a model of the whole of space, and usually not to the whole space. They use the term ''the Universe'' ambiguously to mean either the observable part of space, the observable part of space-time, or the entire space-time.

In order to [[clarify]] terminology, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ellis George Ellis], U. Kirchner and W.R. Stoeger recommend using the term ''the Universe'' for the theoretical model of all of the connected [[space-time]] in which we live, ''universe domain'' for the observable universe or a similar part of the same space-time, ''universe'' for a general space-time (either our own ''Universe'' or another one disconnected from our own), ''[[multiverse]]'' for a set of disconnected space-times, and ''multi-domain universe'' to refer to a model of the whole of a single connected space-time in the sense of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic_inflation chaotic inflation] models.

In order to [[clarify]] terminology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ellis George Ellis], U. Kirchner and W.R. Stoeger recommend using the term ''the Universe'' for the theoretical model of all of the connected [[space-time]] in which we live, ''universe domain'' for the observable universe or a similar part of the same space-time, ''universe'' for a general space-time (either our own ''Universe'' or another one disconnected from our own), ''[[multiverse]]'' for a set of disconnected space-times, and ''multi-domain universe'' to refer to a model of the whole of a single connected space-time in the sense of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic_inflation chaotic inflation] models.

==External links==

==External links==

* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html ''Stephen Hawking's Universe''] - why is the universe the way it is?

* [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html ''Stephen Hawking's Universe''] - why is the universe the way it is?

* [http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/ Richard Powell: ''An Atlas of the Universe''] -  images at various scales, with explanations.

* [https://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/ Richard Powell: ''An Atlas of the Universe''] -  images at various scales, with explanations.

* [https://www.lifereader.com/research-articles/logarithmic-maps-of-the-universe Logarithmic Maps of the Universe]

* [https://www.lifereader.com/research-articles/logarithmic-maps-of-the-universe Logarithmic Maps of the Universe]

* [http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/ Seti@Home] - the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

* [https://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/ Seti@Home] - the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

* [http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/TopazMurray.shtml Number of Galaxies in the Universe]

* [https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/TopazMurray.shtml Number of Galaxies in the Universe]

* [http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmology_faq.html Cosmology FAQ]

* [https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmology_faq.html Cosmology FAQ]

==Quote==

==Quote==

If this were only a [[material]] universe, material man would never be able to arrive at the [[concept]] of the [[mechanistic]] [[character]] of such an exclusively material [[existence]]. This very mechanistic concept of the universe is in itself a nonmaterial [[phenomenon]] of [[mind]], and all mind is of nonmaterial origin, no matter how thoroughly it may appear to be materially conditioned and [[mechanistically]] [[controlled]]. ([[195:7]])

If this were only a [[material]] universe, material man would never be able to arrive at the [[concept]] of the [[mechanistic]] [[character]] of such an exclusively material [[existence]]. This very mechanistic concept of the universe is in itself a nonmaterial [[phenomenon]] of [[mind]], and all mind is of nonmaterial origin, no matter how thoroughly it may appear to be materially conditioned and [[mechanistically]] [[controlled]]. ([[195:7]])

[[Category: Astronomy]]

[[Category: Astronomy]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]