Difference between revisions of "Wisdom"

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'''Wisdom''', according to the [[Merriam-Webster]] dictionary, is defined as the "1 a: Accumulated philosophic or scientific learning-knowledge; b: Ability to discern inner qualities and relationships-insight; c: Good sense-judgment d: Generally accepted belief challenges what has become accepted wisdom among many historians — [[Robert Darnton]]. 2: A wise attitude, belief, or course of action. 3: The teachings of the ancient wise men"[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/wisdom  Wisdom], Merriam-Webſter.
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'''Wisdom''', according to the [[Merriam-Webster]] dictionary, is defined as the "1 a: Accumulated philosophic or scientific learning-knowledge; b: Ability to discern inner qualities and relationships-insight; c: Good sense-judgment d: Generally accepted belief challenges what has become accepted wisdom among many historians — [[Robert Darnton]]. 2: A wise attitude, belief, or course of action. 3: The teachings of the ancient wise men"[https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/wisdom  Wisdom], Merriam-Webſter.
  
There are just three elements in universal reality: fact, idea, and relation. The religious consciousness identifies these realities as science, philosophy, and truth. Philosophy would be inclined to view these activities as reason, '''wisdom''', and faith--physical reality, intellectual reality, and spiritual reality. We are in the habit of designating these realities as thing, meaning, and value.[http://mercy.urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=http://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper196.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper196.html&line=95#mfs]
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There are just three elements in universal reality: fact, idea, and relation. The religious consciousness identifies these realities as science, philosophy, and truth. Philosophy would be inclined to view these activities as reason, '''wisdom''', and faith--physical reality, intellectual reality, and spiritual reality. We are in the habit of designating these realities as thing, meaning, and value.([[196:3]])
  
 
Most psychologists regard wisdom as distinct from the cognitive abilities measured by standardized [[intelligence]] tests. Wisdom is often considered to be a trait that can be developed by experience, but not taught.  
 
Most psychologists regard wisdom as distinct from the cognitive abilities measured by standardized [[intelligence]] tests. Wisdom is often considered to be a trait that can be developed by experience, but not taught.  
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As such, in general, wisdom is looked at his/her ideals and principles that govern all actions and decisions. Applications of personal wisdom include one's ethical and social guidelines in life that determines one’s unique style of personality, the particular nature of short and long-term goal(s) pursued in life (spiritual or materialistic for example), perspective on life, social attitudes, etc.  
 
As such, in general, wisdom is looked at his/her ideals and principles that govern all actions and decisions. Applications of personal wisdom include one's ethical and social guidelines in life that determines one’s unique style of personality, the particular nature of short and long-term goal(s) pursued in life (spiritual or materialistic for example), perspective on life, social attitudes, etc.  
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<center>For lessons on the topic of '''''Wisdom''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Wisdom this link].</center>
  
 
==Philosophical perspectives==
 
==Philosophical perspectives==
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[[Thoreau]] believed that “it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.”
 
[[Thoreau]] believed that “it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.”
  
[[Nicholas Maxwell]], a modern philosopher, argued that the basic aim of academic inquiry ought to be to seek and promote wisdom — wisdom being construed to be the capacity to realize what is of value in life for oneself and others, wisdom thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides.<ref name = "Maxwell">[http://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk  MAXWELL, Nicholas].
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[[Nicholas Maxwell]], a modern philosopher, argued that the basic aim of academic inquiry ought to be to seek and promote wisdom — wisdom being construed to be the capacity to realize what is of value in life for oneself and others, wisdom thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides.<ref name = "Maxwell">[https://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk  MAXWELL, Nicholas].
  
 
==Scientific perspectives==  
 
==Scientific perspectives==  
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In the 1970s, Vivian Clayton pioneered the academic study of wisdom.  Clayton "is generally recognized as the first psychologist to ask, in even faintly scientific terms, 'What does wisdom mean, and how does age affect it?'"
 
In the 1970s, Vivian Clayton pioneered the academic study of wisdom.  Clayton "is generally recognized as the first psychologist to ask, in even faintly scientific terms, 'What does wisdom mean, and how does age affect it?'"
The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis [[The New York Times Magazine]][http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss] Clayton's work caught the attention of [[Paul Baltes]], who later founded the Berlin Wisdom Project at the [[Max Planck Institute for Human Development]] in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]].  Another wisdom researcher, [[Sociology|sociologist]] Monika Ardelt, has developed a [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/magazine/20070430_WISDOM.html "Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale"], a test that individuals can take for a numerical assessment of their wisdom on a scale of one to five.  The number of academic publications about wisdom increased significantly from 1984 to 2000.  Nevertheless, according to Jacqui Smith, one of Baltes's collaborators, the subject is not completely accepted in academia.The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis| newspaper =[[The New York Times Magazine]] [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss]
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The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis [[The New York Times Magazine]][https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss] Clayton's work caught the attention of [[Paul Baltes]], who later founded the Berlin Wisdom Project at the [[Max Planck Institute for Human Development]] in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]].  Another wisdom researcher, [[Sociology|sociologist]] Monika Ardelt, has developed a [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/magazine/20070430_WISDOM.html "Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale"], a test that individuals can take for a numerical assessment of their wisdom on a scale of one to five.  The number of academic publications about wisdom increased significantly from 1984 to 2000.  Nevertheless, according to Jacqui Smith, one of Baltes's collaborators, the subject is not completely accepted in academia.The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis| newspaper =[[The New York Times Magazine]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss]
  
 
==Religious perspectives==
 
==Religious perspectives==
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Some religions have specific teachings relating to wisdom. In [[Mesopotamian mythology|Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology]] [[Enki]], also known as Ea, was the God of wisdom and intelligence. Wisdom was achieved by restoring balance.
 
Some religions have specific teachings relating to wisdom. In [[Mesopotamian mythology|Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology]] [[Enki]], also known as Ea, was the God of wisdom and intelligence. Wisdom was achieved by restoring balance.
  
In [[Islam]], according to the [[Qur'an]] Prophet [[Muhammed]] was chosen by God to represent his wisdom. The Prophet [[Muhammad]] said that: "Fearing [[God]] in your actions and intentions, and knowing that Almighty [[God]] is watching you wherever and whenever you are is the head/peak of wisdom"{{Fact|date=March 2007}}. In addition, Islam also mentions that a wise man with the name of [[Luqman (person)|''Luqman'']] once told his son to: "Sit with the learned men and keep close to them. [[Allah]] gives life to the hearts with the light of wisdom as Allah gives life to the dead earth with the abundant rain of the sky"[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muwatta/059.mmt.html#059.59.1.1].
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In [[Islam]], according to the [[Qur'an]] Prophet [[Muhammed]] was chosen by God to represent his wisdom. The Prophet [[Muhammad]] said that: "Fearing [[God]] in your actions and intentions, and knowing that Almighty [[God]] is watching you wherever and whenever you are is the head/peak of wisdom"{{Fact|date=March 2007}}. In addition, Islam also mentions that a wise man with the name of [[Luqman (person)|''Luqman'']] once told his son to: "Sit with the learned men and keep close to them. [[Allah]] gives life to the hearts with the light of wisdom as Allah gives life to the dead earth with the abundant rain of the sky"[https://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muwatta/059.mmt.html#059.59.1.1].
  
 
In the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], the [[magi]] (or "wise men") are sent by God to give the newly born [[Jesus]] three types of gifts. Wisdom is also represented by the sense of justice of the lawful and wise king [[Solomon]], who asks God for wisdom in [[1 Kings]] 3. [[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]] 9:10 says: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," and 8:13 "To fear the Lord is to hate evil;". The Catholic and Orthodox [[deuterocanonical books]] of the Bible include the [[Book of Wisdom|Book of Wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon)]].
 
In the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], the [[magi]] (or "wise men") are sent by God to give the newly born [[Jesus]] three types of gifts. Wisdom is also represented by the sense of justice of the lawful and wise king [[Solomon]], who asks God for wisdom in [[1 Kings]] 3. [[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]] 9:10 says: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," and 8:13 "To fear the Lord is to hate evil;". The Catholic and Orthodox [[deuterocanonical books]] of the Bible include the [[Book of Wisdom|Book of Wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon)]].
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*"It requires wisdom to understand wisdom: the music is nothing if the audience is deaf." ― [[Walter Lippmann]]
 
*"It requires wisdom to understand wisdom: the music is nothing if the audience is deaf." ― [[Walter Lippmann]]
  
*[[Knowledge]] can be had by [[education]], but [[wisdom]], which is indispensable to true [[culture]], can be secured only through [[experience]].[http://urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=http://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper81.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper81.html&line=148#mfs]
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*[[Knowledge]] can be had by [[education]], but [[wisdom]], which is indispensable to true [[culture]], can be secured only through [[experience]].[https://urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=https://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper81.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper81.html&line=148#mfs]
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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==External links==
 
==External links==
  
*[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jsuebersax/Lexicon.htm Wisdom Lexicon Project]
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*[https://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jsuebersax/Lexicon.htm Wisdom Lexicon Project]
*[http://www.poetrybytroy.com/living_wisdom.html Living Wisdom — A Research Paper about Wisdom]
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*[https://www.poetrybytroy.com/living_wisdom.html Living Wisdom — A Research Paper about Wisdom]
*[http://www.path-work.info Atlas of Wisdom: Wisdom in Psychology and Spirituality]
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*[https://www.path-work.info Atlas of Wisdom: Wisdom in Psychology and Spirituality]
*[http://www.foundationsmag.com/wisdom.html Where is the Wisdom We have Lost in Knowledge?]
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*[https://www.foundationsmag.com/wisdom.html Where is the Wisdom We have Lost in Knowledge?]
*[http://www.foundationsmag.com/wisdom2.html Wisdom: The Interval Between the Notes]
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*[https://www.foundationsmag.com/wisdom2.html Wisdom: The Interval Between the Notes]
*[http://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk From Knowledge to Wisdom]
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*[https://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk From Knowledge to Wisdom]
*[http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/pb/PB_Wisdom_2004.pdf Book on Wisdom from psychologist Paul Baltes]
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*[https://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/pb/PB_Wisdom_2004.pdf Book on Wisdom from psychologist Paul Baltes]
*[http://www.excaliburbooks.com Wisdom in Perspective]
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*[https://www.excaliburbooks.com Wisdom in Perspective]
  
 
[[Category: General Reference]]
 
[[Category: General Reference]]

Revision as of 21:01, 14 December 2020

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Wisdom, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is defined as the "1 a: Accumulated philosophic or scientific learning-knowledge; b: Ability to discern inner qualities and relationships-insight; c: Good sense-judgment d: Generally accepted belief challenges what has become accepted wisdom among many historians — Robert Darnton. 2: A wise attitude, belief, or course of action. 3: The teachings of the ancient wise men"Wisdom, Merriam-Webſter.

There are just three elements in universal reality: fact, idea, and relation. The religious consciousness identifies these realities as science, philosophy, and truth. Philosophy would be inclined to view these activities as reason, wisdom, and faith--physical reality, intellectual reality, and spiritual reality. We are in the habit of designating these realities as thing, meaning, and value.(196:3)

Most psychologists regard wisdom as distinct from the cognitive abilities measured by standardized intelligence tests. Wisdom is often considered to be a trait that can be developed by experience, but not taught. When applied to practical matters, the term wisdom is synonymous with prudence. Some see wisdom as a quality that even a child, otherwise immature, may possess independent of experience or complete knowledge. The status of wisdom or prudence as a virtue is recognized in cultural, philosophical and religious sources. Some define wisdom in a utilitarian sense, as foreseeing consequences and acting to maximize the long-term common good.

As such, in general, wisdom is looked at his/her ideals and principles that govern all actions and decisions. Applications of personal wisdom include one's ethical and social guidelines in life that determines one’s unique style of personality, the particular nature of short and long-term goal(s) pursued in life (spiritual or materialistic for example), perspective on life, social attitudes, etc.

For lessons on the topic of Wisdom, follow this link.

Philosophical perspectives

A standard philosophical definition says that wisdom consists of making the best use of available knowledge. As with any decision, a wise decision may be made with incomplete information. The technical philosophical term for the opposite of wisdom is folly.

In his Metaphysics, Aristotle defines wisdom as knowledge of causes: why things exist in a particular fashion.

In addition to experience there are a variety of other avenues to gaining wisdom. For example, Freethinkers and others believe that wisdom may come from pure reason and perhaps experience, while others believe that it comes from intuition or spirituality.

Beginning with the ancient Greeks, European culture associates wisdom with virtue. Metis and Athene are associated with wisdom from earliest times. For example, many philosophers talk about the virtue of wisdom in relation to courage and moderation, and in the Roman Catholic church, wisdom (Prudence) stands with justice, fortitude and moderation as one of the four cardinal virtues. Plato's dialogues mention the virtue of wisdom, as knowledge about the Good and the courage to act accordingly. The Good would be about the right relations between all that exists. The Good, as a Platonic Form, would involve the perfect ideas of good government, love, friendship, community, and a right relation to the Divine. Perhaps the search or love of wisdom is more important than any proven claim. Socrates only claimed to know that he did not know, but this he was very certain of, and he showed the many contradictions in the claims of his fellow citizens.

Holists believe that wise people sense, work with and align themselves and others to life. In this view, wise people help others appreciate the fundamental interconnectedness of life.

Thoreau believed that “it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.”

Nicholas Maxwell, a modern philosopher, argued that the basic aim of academic inquiry ought to be to seek and promote wisdom — wisdom being construed to be the capacity to realize what is of value in life for oneself and others, wisdom thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

  • One is not wise merely because he talks much. But he who is calm, free from hatred and fear, is verily called a wise man.<ref>Dhammapada
  • By quietude alone one does not become a sage (muni) if he is foolish and ignorant. But he who, as if holding a pair of scales, takes the good and shuns the evil, is a wise man; he is indeed a muni by that very reason. He who understands both good and evil as they really are, is called a true sage.<ref>Dhammapada

In Taoism Practical Wisdom may be described as knowing what to say and when to say it.

Wisdom as a gaming/RPG ability stat

Originally appearing in the grandfather of all RPGs (Role Playing Games) "Dungeons & Dragons", Wisdom was a statistical attribute of significant importance to Priestly characters - such as Clerics, Druids, and Paladins. Unlike conventional wisdom, which encompasses age & experience, Wisdom as a stat in D&D describes a character's will, judgment, guile, enlightenment, insight, and in later editions perception as well. It influences a priest's mystical powers/spells and any character's will-based saving throws (such as against mental attacks by charms, phantasms, etc.) Wisdom and Will as a character stat would later appear in many other book/dice and computer/console RPGs (Role Playing Games).

Quotations about wisdom

  • "Wise men say nothing in dangerous times." ― Aesop
  • "When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned in seven years." ― Mark Twain
  • "I hope our wisdom will grow with our power, and teach us, that the less we use our power the greater it will be." ― Thomas Jefferson
  • "Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something." ― Plato
  • "It requires wisdom to understand wisdom: the music is nothing if the audience is deaf." ― Walter Lippmann

See also

External links