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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Perfectionism-or-Way-of-Perfection.jpg|right|frame]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1846]
==Definitions==
*1a : the [[doctrine]] that the [[perfection]] of [[moral]] [[character]] constitutes a person's highest [[good]]
:b : the theological doctrine that a state of [[freedom]] from [[sin]] is attainable on earth
*2: a disposition to regard anything short of [[perfection]] as unacceptable
==Description==
'''Perfectionism''', in [[psychology]], is a [[personality]] disposition characterized by an [[individual]] striving for flawlessness and setting excessively high performance [[standards]], accompanied by overly critical [[self-evaluations]] and concerns regarding others' evaluations. It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists tend to agree that there are both [[negative]] and [[positive]] aspects of perfectionism.] In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives individuals to attempt to [[achieve]] an unobtainable [[ideal]], and their [[failure]] to meet their [[expectations]] causes [[psychological]] distress. Adaptive perfectionism can [[motivate]] people to reach their goals, and they derive [[pleasure]] from doing so.
Perfectionists have also been [[described]] as those who strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable [[goals]], and who measure their [[self]]-[[worth]] with their productivity and accomplishment. Pressuring oneself to [[achieve]] such unrealistic goals inevitably sets the individual up for [[disappointment]]. Perfectionists tend to be harsh [[critics]] of themselves when they do not meet the [[standards]] they set for themselves.
Perfectionism can drive people to accomplishments and provide the [[motivation]] to [[persevere]] in the face of discouragement and [[obstacles]]. Roedell (1984) argues:
<blockquote>"In a positive form, perfectionism can provide the driving energy which leads to great achievement. The meticulous attention to detail, necessary for scientific investigation, the commitment which pushes composers to keep working until the music realises the glorious sounds playing in the imagination, and the persistence which keeps great artists at their easels until their creation matches their conception all result from perfectionism."</blockquote>
Slaney and his [[colleagues]] found that adaptive perfectionists had lower levels of [[procrastination]] than non-perfectionists. In the field of positive psychology, an [[adaptive]] and [[healthy]] variation of perfectionism is referred to as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimalism Optimalism].
Exceptionally [[talented]] individuals who excel in their field sometimes show signs of perfectionism. High-achieving [[athletes]], [[scientists]], and [[artists]] often show signs of perfectionism. For example, some contend that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo Michelangelo]'s perfectionism may have motivated him to painstakingly complete his [[masterpieces]] including the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo) statue David] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel Sistine Chapel]. Scientists that intently pursue their interests in the [[laboratory]] are often considered perfectionists. This [[obsession]] with an end result may [[motivate]] them to work [[diligently]] and maintain an impressive work [[ethic]]. [[Famous]] figures have publicly admitted that they have perfectionist tendencies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Stewart Martha Stewart] once described herself to Oprah Winfrey as a "maniacal perfectionist." An [[intense]] [[focus]] on one's [[passion]] can lead to success.
The [[adaptive]] form of perfectionism is typically considered the [[positive]] component of this [[personality]] trait. Adaptive perfectionism includes preferences for [[order]] and [[organization]], a persistent strive for excellence, and conscientious [[orientation]] to tasks and performance. All of these characteristics are accompanied by low [[criticism]] and negativity, and high [[support]] and [[self-esteem]]. The positive, adaptive forms of perfectionism are more closely associated with the Big Five personality factor of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness Conscientiousness], whereas maladaptive forms are more similar to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroticism Neuroticism].
In its pathological form, perfectionism can be damaging. It can take the form of [[procrastination]] when used to postpone tasks and self-deprecation when used to excuse poor [[performance]] or to seek [[sympathy]] and affirmation from other people. In general, maladaptive perfectionists feel constant [[pressure]] to meet their high [[standards]], which creates [[cognitive]] [[dissonance]] when one cannot meet their own [[expectations]]. Perfectionism has been associated with numerous other psychological and physiological complications as well. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectionism_%28psychology%29]
[[Category: Psychology]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1846]
==Definitions==
*1a : the [[doctrine]] that the [[perfection]] of [[moral]] [[character]] constitutes a person's highest [[good]]
:b : the theological doctrine that a state of [[freedom]] from [[sin]] is attainable on earth
*2: a disposition to regard anything short of [[perfection]] as unacceptable
==Description==
'''Perfectionism''', in [[psychology]], is a [[personality]] disposition characterized by an [[individual]] striving for flawlessness and setting excessively high performance [[standards]], accompanied by overly critical [[self-evaluations]] and concerns regarding others' evaluations. It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists tend to agree that there are both [[negative]] and [[positive]] aspects of perfectionism.] In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives individuals to attempt to [[achieve]] an unobtainable [[ideal]], and their [[failure]] to meet their [[expectations]] causes [[psychological]] distress. Adaptive perfectionism can [[motivate]] people to reach their goals, and they derive [[pleasure]] from doing so.
Perfectionists have also been [[described]] as those who strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable [[goals]], and who measure their [[self]]-[[worth]] with their productivity and accomplishment. Pressuring oneself to [[achieve]] such unrealistic goals inevitably sets the individual up for [[disappointment]]. Perfectionists tend to be harsh [[critics]] of themselves when they do not meet the [[standards]] they set for themselves.
Perfectionism can drive people to accomplishments and provide the [[motivation]] to [[persevere]] in the face of discouragement and [[obstacles]]. Roedell (1984) argues:
<blockquote>"In a positive form, perfectionism can provide the driving energy which leads to great achievement. The meticulous attention to detail, necessary for scientific investigation, the commitment which pushes composers to keep working until the music realises the glorious sounds playing in the imagination, and the persistence which keeps great artists at their easels until their creation matches their conception all result from perfectionism."</blockquote>
Slaney and his [[colleagues]] found that adaptive perfectionists had lower levels of [[procrastination]] than non-perfectionists. In the field of positive psychology, an [[adaptive]] and [[healthy]] variation of perfectionism is referred to as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimalism Optimalism].
Exceptionally [[talented]] individuals who excel in their field sometimes show signs of perfectionism. High-achieving [[athletes]], [[scientists]], and [[artists]] often show signs of perfectionism. For example, some contend that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo Michelangelo]'s perfectionism may have motivated him to painstakingly complete his [[masterpieces]] including the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo) statue David] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel Sistine Chapel]. Scientists that intently pursue their interests in the [[laboratory]] are often considered perfectionists. This [[obsession]] with an end result may [[motivate]] them to work [[diligently]] and maintain an impressive work [[ethic]]. [[Famous]] figures have publicly admitted that they have perfectionist tendencies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Stewart Martha Stewart] once described herself to Oprah Winfrey as a "maniacal perfectionist." An [[intense]] [[focus]] on one's [[passion]] can lead to success.
The [[adaptive]] form of perfectionism is typically considered the [[positive]] component of this [[personality]] trait. Adaptive perfectionism includes preferences for [[order]] and [[organization]], a persistent strive for excellence, and conscientious [[orientation]] to tasks and performance. All of these characteristics are accompanied by low [[criticism]] and negativity, and high [[support]] and [[self-esteem]]. The positive, adaptive forms of perfectionism are more closely associated with the Big Five personality factor of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness Conscientiousness], whereas maladaptive forms are more similar to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroticism Neuroticism].
In its pathological form, perfectionism can be damaging. It can take the form of [[procrastination]] when used to postpone tasks and self-deprecation when used to excuse poor [[performance]] or to seek [[sympathy]] and affirmation from other people. In general, maladaptive perfectionists feel constant [[pressure]] to meet their high [[standards]], which creates [[cognitive]] [[dissonance]] when one cannot meet their own [[expectations]]. Perfectionism has been associated with numerous other psychological and physiological complications as well. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectionism_%28psychology%29]
[[Category: Psychology]]
