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| ==Origin== | | ==Origin== |
| New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps'' | | New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps'' |
− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
− | *1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects | + | *1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects |
| *2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something | | *2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
| '''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object. | | '''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object. |
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− | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye. | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye. |
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− | The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult. | + | The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[Nation|country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult. |
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| The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians. | | The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians. |
| ==As a Metaphor== | | ==As a Metaphor== |
− | The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit. | + | The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit. |
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| [[Category: Physiology]] | | [[Category: Physiology]] |
| [[Category: Biology]] | | [[Category: Biology]] |