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'''Geoengineering''' (also ''climate engineering'') is the deliberate and large-scale [[intervention]] in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming global warming]. The discipline divides broadly into two categories- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal carbon dioxide removal] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiation_management solar radiation management]. Carbon dioxide removal addresses a cause of climate change by removing one of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gases greenhouse gases] from the [[atmosphere]]. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the [[Earth]] to absorb less [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiation solar radiation].
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] (IPCC) concluded in 2007 that geoengineering options remained largely unproven.[4]
''Geoengineering'' has been proposed as a [[potential]] third [[option]] for tackling global warming, alongside mitigation and adaptation. Scientists do not typically suggest geoengineering as an alternative to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution emissions control], but rather an accompanying strategy. Reviews of geoengineering techniques have emphasised that they are not substitutes for emission controls and have identified potentially stronger and weaker schemes.
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Geo-engineering''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Geo-engineering '''''this link'''''].</center>
There are no known large-scale geoengineering projects except one conducted outside the scientific [[mainstream]] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_George Russ George]. Almost all [[research]] has consisted of [[computer modelling]] or [[laboratory]] tests, and attempts to move to real-world [[experimentation]] have proved [[controversial]]. Some limited tree planting and cool roof projects are already underway. Ocean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_fertilization iron fertilization] has been given small-scale research trials. Field research into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_sulphur_aerosols_(geoengineering) sulfur aerosols] has also started.
Various criticisms have been made of geoengineering and some commentators appear fundamentally opposed. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering presents a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard moral hazard] because it could reduce the political and popular [[pressure]] for emissions reduction. Groups such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETC_Group ETC Group] and individuals such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Pierrehumbert Raymond Pierrehumbert] have called for a moratorium on deployment and out-of-doors testing of geoengineering techniques.[16][17] The full effects of various geoengineering schemes are not well understood.[unreliable source?
Several notable [[organizations]] have investigated geoengineering with a view to evaluating its [[potential]], including the US Congress, NASA, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society Royal Society], the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, and the UK Parliament, The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asilomar_International_Conference_on_Climate_Intervention_Technologies Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies] was convened to identify and develop risk reduction guidelines for climate intervention experimentation.[25]
Major environmental organisations such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth Friends of the Earth] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace Greenpeace] have typically been reluctant to endorse solar radiation management, but are often more supportive of some carbon dioxide removal projects, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afforestation afforestation] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland_restoration peatland restoration]. Some authors have argued that any public support for geoengineering may weaken the fragile political consensus to reduce [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas greenhouse gas emissions].
==See also==
*'''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemtrails Chemtrails]'''''
[[Category: Earth Science]]
'''Geoengineering''' (also ''climate engineering'') is the deliberate and large-scale [[intervention]] in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming global warming]. The discipline divides broadly into two categories- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal carbon dioxide removal] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiation_management solar radiation management]. Carbon dioxide removal addresses a cause of climate change by removing one of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gases greenhouse gases] from the [[atmosphere]]. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the [[Earth]] to absorb less [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiation solar radiation].
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] (IPCC) concluded in 2007 that geoengineering options remained largely unproven.[4]
''Geoengineering'' has been proposed as a [[potential]] third [[option]] for tackling global warming, alongside mitigation and adaptation. Scientists do not typically suggest geoengineering as an alternative to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution emissions control], but rather an accompanying strategy. Reviews of geoengineering techniques have emphasised that they are not substitutes for emission controls and have identified potentially stronger and weaker schemes.
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Geo-engineering''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Geo-engineering '''''this link'''''].</center>
There are no known large-scale geoengineering projects except one conducted outside the scientific [[mainstream]] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_George Russ George]. Almost all [[research]] has consisted of [[computer modelling]] or [[laboratory]] tests, and attempts to move to real-world [[experimentation]] have proved [[controversial]]. Some limited tree planting and cool roof projects are already underway. Ocean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_fertilization iron fertilization] has been given small-scale research trials. Field research into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_sulphur_aerosols_(geoengineering) sulfur aerosols] has also started.
Various criticisms have been made of geoengineering and some commentators appear fundamentally opposed. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering presents a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard moral hazard] because it could reduce the political and popular [[pressure]] for emissions reduction. Groups such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETC_Group ETC Group] and individuals such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Pierrehumbert Raymond Pierrehumbert] have called for a moratorium on deployment and out-of-doors testing of geoengineering techniques.[16][17] The full effects of various geoengineering schemes are not well understood.[unreliable source?
Several notable [[organizations]] have investigated geoengineering with a view to evaluating its [[potential]], including the US Congress, NASA, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society Royal Society], the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, and the UK Parliament, The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asilomar_International_Conference_on_Climate_Intervention_Technologies Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies] was convened to identify and develop risk reduction guidelines for climate intervention experimentation.[25]
Major environmental organisations such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth Friends of the Earth] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace Greenpeace] have typically been reluctant to endorse solar radiation management, but are often more supportive of some carbon dioxide removal projects, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afforestation afforestation] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland_restoration peatland restoration]. Some authors have argued that any public support for geoengineering may weaken the fragile political consensus to reduce [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas greenhouse gas emissions].
==See also==
*'''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemtrails Chemtrails]'''''
[[Category: Earth Science]]
