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From Nordan Symposia
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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Anvil_xlarge.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''anfilt'', from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]; akin to Old High German ''anafalz'' anvil; akin to [[Latin]] ''pellere'' to beat
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before the 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1: a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped (as by hand hammering)
*2: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incus incus]
*3: the anvil–shaped top of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud cumulonimbus]
==Description==
An '''anvil''' is a basic [[tool]], a block with a hard surface on which another object is struck. The block is as massive as is [[practical]], because the higher the [[inertia]] of the anvil, the more efficiently it causes the [[energy]] of the striking [[tool]] to be transferred to the work piece. In most cases the anvil is used as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forge forging] tool. Before the advent of modern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding welding] technology, it was a primary tool of metal workers.
The great majority of modern anvils are made from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel steel], as well as cast iron or a combination of iron and steel.
Because anvils are very [[ancient]] tools and were at one time very commonplace, they have acquired [[symbolic]] meaning beyond their use as utilitarian objects.
:''Surface''
The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the ''face''. It is generally made of hardened steel and should be flat and smooth with rounded edges for most [[work]]. Any marks on the face will be [[transferred]] to the work. Also, sharp edges tend to cut into the metal being worked and may cause cracks to form in the workpiece. The face is hardened and tempered to [[resist]] the blows of the smith's hammer so the anvil face does not deform under repeated use. A hard anvil face also reduces the amount of [[force]] lost in each hammer blow. Hammers tools and work pieces of hardened steel should never directly strike the anvil face with full force, as they may damage it, this can result in chipping or deforming of the anvil face.
:''Horn''
The ''horn'' of the anvil is a conical projection used to form various round shapes, and is generally unhardened steel or iron. The horn is used mostly in bending operations. It also is used by some smiths as an aid in "drawing down" stock, (making it longer and thinner). Some anvils, mainly European, are made with two horns, one square and one round. Also, some anvils are made with side horns or clips for specialized work.
:''Table''
The ''table'', is that area of the anvil between the "horn" and the "face". It is soft and is used for cutting; its [[purpose]] is to prevent damaging the steel face of the anvil by conducting such operations there and so as not to damage the cutting edge of the chisel, many smiths shun this [[practice]], as it will damage the anvil over time.
:''Hardie hole''
The ''hardie hole'' is a square hole into which specialized forming and cutting tools, called hardie tools, are placed. It is also used in punching and bending operations.
:''Pritchel hole''
The ''pritchel hole'' is a small round hole that is present on most [[modern]] anvils. Some anvils have more than one. It is used mostly for punching. At times, smiths will fit a second tool to this hole to allow the smith more [[flexibility]] when using more than one anvil tool.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil]
[[Category: General Reference]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''anfilt'', from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]; akin to Old High German ''anafalz'' anvil; akin to [[Latin]] ''pellere'' to beat
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before the 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1: a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped (as by hand hammering)
*2: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incus incus]
*3: the anvil–shaped top of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud cumulonimbus]
==Description==
An '''anvil''' is a basic [[tool]], a block with a hard surface on which another object is struck. The block is as massive as is [[practical]], because the higher the [[inertia]] of the anvil, the more efficiently it causes the [[energy]] of the striking [[tool]] to be transferred to the work piece. In most cases the anvil is used as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forge forging] tool. Before the advent of modern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding welding] technology, it was a primary tool of metal workers.
The great majority of modern anvils are made from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel steel], as well as cast iron or a combination of iron and steel.
Because anvils are very [[ancient]] tools and were at one time very commonplace, they have acquired [[symbolic]] meaning beyond their use as utilitarian objects.
:''Surface''
The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the ''face''. It is generally made of hardened steel and should be flat and smooth with rounded edges for most [[work]]. Any marks on the face will be [[transferred]] to the work. Also, sharp edges tend to cut into the metal being worked and may cause cracks to form in the workpiece. The face is hardened and tempered to [[resist]] the blows of the smith's hammer so the anvil face does not deform under repeated use. A hard anvil face also reduces the amount of [[force]] lost in each hammer blow. Hammers tools and work pieces of hardened steel should never directly strike the anvil face with full force, as they may damage it, this can result in chipping or deforming of the anvil face.
:''Horn''
The ''horn'' of the anvil is a conical projection used to form various round shapes, and is generally unhardened steel or iron. The horn is used mostly in bending operations. It also is used by some smiths as an aid in "drawing down" stock, (making it longer and thinner). Some anvils, mainly European, are made with two horns, one square and one round. Also, some anvils are made with side horns or clips for specialized work.
:''Table''
The ''table'', is that area of the anvil between the "horn" and the "face". It is soft and is used for cutting; its [[purpose]] is to prevent damaging the steel face of the anvil by conducting such operations there and so as not to damage the cutting edge of the chisel, many smiths shun this [[practice]], as it will damage the anvil over time.
:''Hardie hole''
The ''hardie hole'' is a square hole into which specialized forming and cutting tools, called hardie tools, are placed. It is also used in punching and bending operations.
:''Pritchel hole''
The ''pritchel hole'' is a small round hole that is present on most [[modern]] anvils. Some anvils have more than one. It is used mostly for punching. At times, smiths will fit a second tool to this hole to allow the smith more [[flexibility]] when using more than one anvil tool.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil]
[[Category: General Reference]]
