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'''Chaos''' (pronounced kayos) (derived from the Ancient Greek Χάος, ''Chaos'') typically refers to [[Random|unpredictability]], and is the antithesis of [[cosmos]].

'''Chaos''' (pronounced kayos) (derived from the Ancient Greek Χάος, ''Chaos'') typically refers to [[Random|unpredictability]], and is the [[antithesis]] of [[cosmos]].

The word χάος did not mean "disorder" in classical-period ancient Greece. It meant "the primal emptiness, space". ''Chaos'' is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root ''ghn'' or ''ghen'' meaning "gape, be wide open": compare "chasm" (from Ancient Greek χάσμα, a cleft, slit or gap), and Anglo-Saxon ''gānian'' ("yawn"), ''geanian, ginian'' ("gape wide"); see also Old Norse Ginnungagap. Due to people misunderstanding early Christian uses of the word, the meaning of the word changed to "disorder". (The Ancient Greek for "disorder" is ''ταραχή'').

The word χάος did not mean "disorder" in classical-period ancient Greece. It meant "the primal emptiness, space". ''Chaos'' is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root ''ghn'' or ''ghen'' meaning "gape, be wide open": [[compare]] "chasm" (from Ancient Greek χάσμα, a cleft, slit or gap), and Anglo-Saxon ''gānian'' ("yawn"), ''geanian, ginian'' ("gape wide"); see also Old Norse Ginnungagap. Due to people misunderstanding early Christian uses of the word, the [[meaning]] of the word changed to "disorder". (The Ancient Greek for "disorder" is ''ταραχή'').

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Chaos''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Chaos '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Chaos''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Chaos '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Scientific and mathematical chaos==

==Scientific and mathematical chaos==

Mathematically, ''chaos'' means an aperiodic deterministic [[behavior]] which is very sensitive to its initial conditions, i.e., infinitesimal perturbations of initial conditions for a chaotic system lead to large variations of the orbit in the phase [[space]].

Mathematically, ''chaos'' means an aperiodic deterministic [[behavior]] which is very [[sensitive]] to its initial conditions, i.e., infinitesimal perturbations of initial conditions for a chaotic system lead to large variations of the [[orbit]] in the phase [[space]].

Chaotic systems are systems that look random but aren't. They are actually deterministic systems (predictable if you have enough [[information]]) governed by physical [[law]]s, that are very difficult to predict accurately (a commonly used example is weather forecasting).

Chaotic systems are systems that look [[random]] but aren't. They are actually deterministic systems (predictable if you have enough [[information]]) governed by physical [[law]]s, that are very difficult to predict accurately (a commonly used example is [[weather]] forecasting).

Furthermore, the word ''gas'' is probably an alteration of ''chaos''. Particles in gases exhibit chaotic motion, although this was unknown to Jan Baptist van Helmont, the inventor of the term. He is instead believed to have been influenced by the concept of chaos in the occult theories of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus Paracelsus].

Furthermore, the word ''gas'' is probably an alteration of ''chaos''. [[Particles]] in gases exhibit chaotic [[motion]], although this was [[unknown]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont Jan Baptist van Helmont], the inventor of the term. He is instead believed to have been [[influenced]] by the concept of chaos in the [[occult]] theories of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus Paracelsus].

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Mathematics]]

[[Category: Mathematics]]