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==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] (genitive ''Cancri''), literally, crab; akin to [[Greek]] ''karkinos'' crab, cancer
==Definitions==
*1a : a northern zodiacal [[constellation]] between Gemini and Leo
:b (1) : the fourth sign of the zodiac in [[astrology]] (2) : one born under the sign of Cancer
*2a : a malignant [[tumor]] of potentially unlimited [[growth]] that expands locally by [[invasion]] and systemically by metastasis
:b : an abnormal bodily state marked by such tumors
*3: something [[evil]] or malignant that spreads destructively <the cancer of hidden [[resentment]] — Irish Digest>
*4a : an enlarged tumorlike [[plant]] [[growth]] (as that of crown gall)
:b : a plant [[disease]] marked by such growths
==Description==
'''Cancer''', also known as a malignant [[tumor]] or malignant [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm neoplasm] is a group of diseases involving abnormal [[cell]] [[growth]] with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the [[body]]. Possible signs and [[symptoms]] include: a new lump, abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements among others. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may also occur due to other issues. There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco Tobacco] use is the cause of about 22% of cancer [[deaths]]. Another 10% is due to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity obesity], a poor diet, lack of [[physical]] activity, and consumption of alcohol. Other factors include certain [[infections]], exposure to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation ionizing radiation], and environmental [[pollutants]]. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B hepatitis B], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C hepatitis C], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus human papillomavirus] (HPV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the [[genes]] of a cell. Typically many such genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to genetic [[defects]] inherited from a person's [[parents]]. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further [[investigated]] by medical imaging and confirmed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsy biopsy].
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, being vaccinated against certain infectious [[diseases]], not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much [[exposure]] to [[sunlight]]. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are [[controversial]]. Cancer is often treated with some combination of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy radiation therapy], surgery, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy chemotherapy], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy targeted therapy]. [[Pain]] and symptom management are an important part of care. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_care Palliative care] is particularly important in those with advanced disease. The [[chance]] of [[survival]] depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at [[diagnosis]] the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66%.
In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-melanoma_skin_cancer skin cancer other than melanoma]). It caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of all human deaths. The most common types of cancer in [[males]] are lung cancer, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer prostate cancer], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer colorectal cancer], and stomach cancer, and in [[females]], the most common types are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer breast cancer], colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer cervical cancer]. If skin cancer other than [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma melanoma] were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukaemia acute lymphoblastic leukaemia] and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma] occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer have been estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer]
[[Category: Health]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] (genitive ''Cancri''), literally, crab; akin to [[Greek]] ''karkinos'' crab, cancer
==Definitions==
*1a : a northern zodiacal [[constellation]] between Gemini and Leo
:b (1) : the fourth sign of the zodiac in [[astrology]] (2) : one born under the sign of Cancer
*2a : a malignant [[tumor]] of potentially unlimited [[growth]] that expands locally by [[invasion]] and systemically by metastasis
:b : an abnormal bodily state marked by such tumors
*3: something [[evil]] or malignant that spreads destructively <the cancer of hidden [[resentment]] — Irish Digest>
*4a : an enlarged tumorlike [[plant]] [[growth]] (as that of crown gall)
:b : a plant [[disease]] marked by such growths
==Description==
'''Cancer''', also known as a malignant [[tumor]] or malignant [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm neoplasm] is a group of diseases involving abnormal [[cell]] [[growth]] with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the [[body]]. Possible signs and [[symptoms]] include: a new lump, abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements among others. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may also occur due to other issues. There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco Tobacco] use is the cause of about 22% of cancer [[deaths]]. Another 10% is due to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity obesity], a poor diet, lack of [[physical]] activity, and consumption of alcohol. Other factors include certain [[infections]], exposure to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation ionizing radiation], and environmental [[pollutants]]. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B hepatitis B], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C hepatitis C], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus human papillomavirus] (HPV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the [[genes]] of a cell. Typically many such genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to genetic [[defects]] inherited from a person's [[parents]]. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further [[investigated]] by medical imaging and confirmed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsy biopsy].
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, being vaccinated against certain infectious [[diseases]], not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much [[exposure]] to [[sunlight]]. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are [[controversial]]. Cancer is often treated with some combination of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy radiation therapy], surgery, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy chemotherapy], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy targeted therapy]. [[Pain]] and symptom management are an important part of care. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_care Palliative care] is particularly important in those with advanced disease. The [[chance]] of [[survival]] depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at [[diagnosis]] the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66%.
In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-melanoma_skin_cancer skin cancer other than melanoma]). It caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of all human deaths. The most common types of cancer in [[males]] are lung cancer, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer prostate cancer], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer colorectal cancer], and stomach cancer, and in [[females]], the most common types are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer breast cancer], colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer cervical cancer]. If skin cancer other than [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma melanoma] were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukaemia acute lymphoblastic leukaemia] and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma] occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer have been estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer]
[[Category: Health]]