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==Origin==
Japanese, from ''tsu'' harbor + ''nami'' [[wave]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1897]
==Definitions==
*1: a great sea wave produced especially by submarine earth movement or volcanic [[eruption]]
==Description==
A '''tsunami''' (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. "harbor wave"; , also known as a ''seismic sea wave'', is a series of waves in a [[water]] body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an [[ocean]] or a large lake. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake Earthquakes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_eruption volcanic eruptions] and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event meteorite impacts] and other disturbances above or below water all have the [[potential]] to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean [[waves]] which are generated by [[wind]] or [[tides]] which are generated by the [[gravitational]] pull of the Moon and Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water.
Tsunami waves do not resemble normal [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave sea waves], because their [[wavelength]] is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called "wave train". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large [[events]]. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami] was among the deadliest natural disasters in human [[history]] with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
The Greek historian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides Thucydides] suggested in his late-5th century BC ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War History of the Peloponnesian War]'', that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the [[understanding]] of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves interact with specific shorelines.
==Origin==
Japanese, from ''tsu'' harbor + ''nami'' [[wave]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1897]
==Definitions==
*1: a great sea wave produced especially by submarine earth movement or volcanic [[eruption]]
==Description==
A '''tsunami''' (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. "harbor wave"; , also known as a ''seismic sea wave'', is a series of waves in a [[water]] body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an [[ocean]] or a large lake. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake Earthquakes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_eruption volcanic eruptions] and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event meteorite impacts] and other disturbances above or below water all have the [[potential]] to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean [[waves]] which are generated by [[wind]] or [[tides]] which are generated by the [[gravitational]] pull of the Moon and Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water.
Tsunami waves do not resemble normal [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave sea waves], because their [[wavelength]] is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called "wave train". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large [[events]]. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami] was among the deadliest natural disasters in human [[history]] with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
The Greek historian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides Thucydides] suggested in his late-5th century BC ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War History of the Peloponnesian War]'', that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the [[understanding]] of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves interact with specific shorelines.
